全球製造執行系統市場研究報告 - 2023 年至 2030 年行業分析、規模、佔有率、成長、趨勢和預測
市場調查報告書
商品編碼
1342913

全球製造執行系統市場研究報告 - 2023 年至 2030 年行業分析、規模、佔有率、成長、趨勢和預測

Global Manufacturing Execution Systems Market Research Report - Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast 2023 to 2030

出版日期: | 出版商: Value Market Research | 英文 195 Pages | 商品交期: 最快1-2個工作天內

價格

預計到 2030 年,全球製造執行系統市場的市場規模將從 2022 年的 14 萬美元達到近 30.01 萬美元,在 2023 年至 2030 年的研究期間年複合成長率為 10%。

製造執行系統(MES)是指一個IT驅動的框架,它為增強和開發創建車間設計師和主管的裝配系統提供答案。該框架的核心成員將複雜的裝配框架引導到工廠車間的螢幕上。生產執行的目的是確保組裝任務有效執行,提高創作良率。

市場動態:

由於當前機械化在加工過程中的廣泛使用以及運輸成本的降低等因素,組裝執行框架的市場正在不斷成長。此外,由於電力、食品、飲料以及水和廢水處理行業的普及,構建執行框架的市場不斷擴大。由於中小企業缺乏對 MES 解決方案優勢的認知,市場成長受到限制。 MES 市場規模的發展還受到追踪連續資訊、增強資訊可感知性和管理場外推進活動的必要性的影響。

該研究報告涵蓋波特五力模型、市場吸引力分析和價值鏈分析。這些工具有助於清晰地了解行業結構並評估全球範圍內的競爭吸引力。此外,這些工具還對全球製造執行系統市場的每個細分市場進行包容性評估。製造執行系統行業的成長和趨勢為本研究提供了整體方法。

區域分析:

本節涵蓋區域前景,重點介紹北美、歐洲、亞太地區、拉丁美洲以及中東和非洲製造執行系統市場當前和未來的需求。此外,該報告重點關注所有主要地區各個應用領域的需求、估計和預測。

該研究報告還涵蓋了市場主要參與者的全面概況以及對全球競爭格局的深入了解。製造執行系統市場的主要參與者包括西門子(美國)、羅克韋爾自動化(美國)、SAP(美國)、達索系統(法國)和霍尼韋爾國際(美國)。本節包含競爭格局的整體視圖,包括各種戰略發展,例如關鍵併購、未來產能、合作夥伴關係、財務概況、合作、新產品開發、新產品發布和其他發展。

如果您有任何客製化要求,請寫信給我們。我們的研究團隊可以根據您的需求提供客製化報告。

目錄

第一章:前言

  • 報告說明
    • 客觀的
    • 目標受眾
    • 獨特的銷售主張 (USP) 和產品
  • 研究範圍
  • 研究方法論
    • 市場研究過程
    • 市場研究方法論

第 2 章:執行摘要

  • 市場亮點
  • 全球市場概況

第 3 章:製造執行系統 ​​- 行業分析

  • 簡介 - 市場動態
  • 市場促進因素
  • 市場限制
  • 機會
  • 行業動態
  • 波特五力分析
  • 市場吸引力分析
    • 按產品提供的市場吸引力分析
    • 按部署類型分類的市場吸引力分析
    • 流程工業市場吸引力分析
    • 離散行業市場吸引力分析
    • 市場吸引力分析:按地區

第 4 章:價值鏈分析

  • 價值鏈分析
  • 原料分析
    • 原料清單
    • 原料廠商清單
    • 主要原料價格走勢
  • 潛在買家名單
  • 行銷管道
    • 直效行銷
    • 間接行銷
    • 行銷管道發展趨勢

第 5 章:COVID-19 爆發的影響分析

  • Covid-19 爆發的影響分析
    • 對生產的直接影響
    • 供應鍊和市場顛覆
    • 對公司和金融市場的財務影響
  • 按生產、進口、出口和需求分類的 COVID-19 影響分析
  • 市場:COVID-19 前 V/S 後
  • 冠狀病毒 (COVID-19) 疫情的預計影響
  • COVID-19:微觀和宏觀因素分析

第 6 章:全球製造執行系統市場分析:按產品分類

  • 按產品分類概覽
  • 歷史和預測數據
  • 按產品分析
  • 軟體
  • 服務

第 7 章:全球製造執行系統市場分析:按部署類型

  • 按部署類型分類的概述
  • 歷史和預測數據
  • 按部署類型分析
  • 本地
  • 一經請求
  • 雜交種

第 8 章:全球製造執行系統市場分析:按流程行業

  • 流程工業概述
  • 歷史和預測數據
  • 按流程工業分析
  • 食品和飲料
  • 石油和天然氣
  • 化學品
  • 紙漿與造紙
  • 製藥與生命科學
  • 能源與電力
  • 水和廢水管理
  • 其他

第 9 章:全球製造執行系統市場分析:按離散行業

  • 離散行業概覽
  • 歷史和預測數據
  • 離散行業分析
  • 汽車
  • 航太
  • 醫療設備
  • 包裝消費品
  • 其他

第 10 章:全球製造執行系統市場分析:按地理位置

  • 區域展望
  • 介紹
  • 北美銷售分析
    • 概述、歷史和預測銷售分析
    • 北美按細分市場銷售分析
    • 北美按國家/地區銷售分析
    • 美國銷售分析
    • 加拿大銷售分析
    • 墨西哥銷售分析
  • 歐洲銷售分析
    • 概述、歷史和預測銷售分析
    • 歐洲按細分市場銷售分析
    • 歐洲按國家/地區銷售分析
    • 英國銷售分析
    • 法國銷售分析
    • 德國銷售分析
    • 義大利銷售分析
    • 俄羅斯銷售分析
    • 歐洲其他地區銷售分析
  • 亞太地區銷售分析
    • 概述、歷史和預測銷售分析
    • 亞太地區按細分市場銷售分析
    • 亞太地區國家/地區銷售分析
    • 中國銷售分析
    • 印度銷售分析
    • 日本銷售分析
    • 韓國銷售分析
    • 澳大利亞銷售分析
    • 亞太地區其他地區銷售分析
  • 拉丁美洲銷售分析
    • 概述、歷史和預測銷售分析
    • 拉丁美洲按細分市場銷售分析
    • 拉丁美洲按國家/地區銷售分析
    • 巴西銷售分析
    • 阿根廷銷售分析
    • 秘魯銷售分析
    • 智利銷售分析
    • 拉丁美洲其他地區銷售分析
  • 中東和非洲銷售分析
    • 概述、歷史和預測銷售分析
    • 中東和非洲按細分市場銷售分析
    • 中東和非洲國家銷售分析
    • 沙烏地阿拉伯銷售分析
    • 阿拉伯聯合大公國銷售分析
    • 以色列銷售分析
    • 南非銷售分析
    • 中東其他地區和非洲銷售分析

第 11 章:製造執行系統公司的競爭格局

  • 製造執行系統市場競爭
  • 夥伴關係/協作/協議
  • 併購
  • 新產品發布
  • 其他發展

第 12 章:公司簡介

  • 頂級公司股票分析
  • 市場集中度
  • Siemens (US)
    • 公司簡介
    • 公司收入
    • 產品
    • 最近的發展
  • Rockwell Automation (US)
    • 公司簡介
    • 公司收入
    • 產品
    • 最近的發展
  • SAP (US)
    • 公司簡介
    • 公司收入
    • 產品
    • 最近的發展
  • Dassault Systemes (France)
    • 公司簡介
    • 公司收入
    • 產品
    • 最近的發展
  • Honeywell International (US)
    • 公司簡介
    • 公司收入
    • 產品
    • 最近的發展

注意 - 在公司概況中,財務詳細資訊和近期發展視情況而定,或者如果是私營公司,則可能不包括在內

Product Code: VMR11219285

The global demand for Manufacturing Execution Systems Market is presumed to reach the market size of nearly USD 30.01 MN by 2030 from USD 14 MN in 2022 with a CAGR of 10% under the study period 2023 - 2030.

A Manufacturing Execution System (MES) refers to an IT-empowered framework that gives answers for enhancing and developing the assembling system for creating floor designers and chiefs. The core members of the framework direct intricate assembly frameworks to screens on the factory floor. The purpose of producing execution is to ensure that the assembling duties are carried out effectively and increase creation yield.

MARKET DYNAMICS:

The market for assembling execution frameworks is growing as a result of factors such as the expanding use of current mechanisation in process endeavours and decreased shipping costs. In addition, the market for constructing execution frameworks has consistently expanded due to the popularity of the power, food, beverage, and water and wastewater treatment industries. Market growth is constrained by SMEs' lack of awareness of the benefits of MES solutions. The development of the MES market size is also impacted by the necessity to follow continuous information, enhance information perceivability, and manage off-site advancement activities.

The research report covers Porter's Five Forces Model, Market Attractiveness Analysis, and Value Chain analysis. These tools help to get a clear picture of the industry's structure and evaluate the competition attractiveness at a global level. Additionally, these tools also give an inclusive assessment of each segment in the global market of manufacturing execution systems. The growth and trends of manufacturing execution systems industry provide a holistic approach to this study.

MARKET SEGMENTATION:

This section of the manufacturing execution systems market report provides detailed data on the segments at country and regional level, thereby assisting the strategist in identifying the target demographics for the respective product or services with the upcoming opportunities.

By Offering

  • Software
  • Services

By Deployment Type

  • On-Premises
  • On-Demand
  • Hybrid

By Process Industry

  • Food & Beverages
  • Oil & Gas
  • Chemicals
  • Pulp & Paper
  • Pharmaceuticals & Life Sciences
  • Energy & Power
  • Water & Wastewater Management
  • Others

By Discrete Industry

  • Automotive
  • Aerospace
  • Medical Devices
  • Consumer Packaged Goods
  • Others

REGIONAL ANALYSIS:

This section covers the regional outlook, which accentuates current and future demand for the Manufacturing Execution Systems market across North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa. Further, the report focuses on demand, estimation, and forecast for individual application segments across all the prominent regions.

The research report also covers the comprehensive profiles of the key players in the market and an in-depth view of the competitive landscape worldwide. The major players in the manufacturing execution systems market include Siemens (US), Rockwell Automation(US), SAP(US), Dassault Systemes(France) and Honeywell International(US). This section consists of a holistic view of the competitive landscape that includes various strategic developments such as key mergers & acquisitions, future capacities, partnerships, financial overviews, collaborations, new product developments, new product launches, and other developments.

In case you have any custom requirements, do write to us. Our research team can offer a customized report as per your need.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 . PREFACE

  • 1.1. Report Description
    • 1.1.1. Objective
    • 1.1.2. Target Audience
    • 1.1.3. Unique Selling Proposition (USP) & offerings
  • 1.2. Research Scope
  • 1.3. Research Methodology
    • 1.3.1. Market Research Process
    • 1.3.2. Market Research Methodology

2 . EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

  • 2.1. Highlights of Market
  • 2.2. Global Market Snapshot

3 . MANUFACTURING EXECUTION SYSTEMS - INDUSTRY ANALYSIS

  • 3.1. Introduction - Market Dynamics
  • 3.2. Market Drivers
  • 3.3. Market Restraints
  • 3.4. Opportunities
  • 3.5. Industry Trends
  • 3.6. Porter's Five Force Analysis
  • 3.7. Market Attractiveness Analysis
    • 3.7.1 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Offering
    • 3.7.2 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Deployment Type
    • 3.7.3 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Process Industry
    • 3.7.4 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Discrete Industry
    • 3.7.5 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Region

4 . VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS

  • 4.1. Value Chain Analysis
  • 4.2. Raw Material Analysis
    • 4.2.1. List of Raw Materials
    • 4.2.2. Raw Material Manufactures List
    • 4.2.3. Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  • 4.3. List of Potential Buyers
  • 4.4. Marketing Channel
    • 4.4.1. Direct Marketing
    • 4.4.2. Indirect Marketing
    • 4.4.3. Marketing Channel Development Trend

5 . IMPACT ANALYSIS OF COVID-19 OUTBREAK

  • 5.1. Impact Analysis of Covid-19 Outbreak
    • 5.1.1. Direct Impact on Production
    • 5.1.2. Supply Chain and Market Disruption
    • 5.1.3. Financial Impact on Firms and Financial Markets
  • 5.2. COVID-19 Impact Analysis by Production, Import, Export and Demand
  • 5.3. Market: Pre V/S Post COVID-19
  • 5.4. Estimated Impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Epidemic
  • 5.5. COVID-19: Micro and Macro Factor Analysis

6 . GLOBAL MANUFACTURING EXECUTION SYSTEMS MARKET ANALYSIS BY OFFERING

  • 6.1 Overview by Offering
  • 6.2 Historical and Forecast Data
  • 6.3 Analysis by Offering
  • 6.4 Software Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 6.5 Services Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions

7 . GLOBAL MANUFACTURING EXECUTION SYSTEMS MARKET ANALYSIS BY DEPLOYMENT TYPE

  • 7.1 Overview by Deployment Type
  • 7.2 Historical and Forecast Data
  • 7.3 Analysis by Deployment Type
  • 7.4 On-premises Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 7.5 On-demand Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 7.6 Hybrid Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions

8 . GLOBAL MANUFACTURING EXECUTION SYSTEMS MARKET ANALYSIS BY PROCESS INDUSTRY

  • 8.1 Overview by Process Industry
  • 8.2 Historical and Forecast Data
  • 8.3 Analysis by Process Industry
  • 8.4 Food & Beverages Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 8.5 Oil & Gas Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 8.6 Chemicals Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 8.7 Pulp & Paper Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 8.8 Pharmaceuticals & Life Sciences Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 8.9 Energy & Power Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 8.10. Water & Wastewater Management Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 8.11 Others Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions

9 . GLOBAL MANUFACTURING EXECUTION SYSTEMS MARKET ANALYSIS BY DISCRETE INDUSTRY

  • 9.1 Overview by Discrete Industry
  • 9.2 Historical and Forecast Data
  • 9.3 Analysis by Discrete Industry
  • 9.4 Automotive Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 9.5 Aerospace Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 9.6 Medical Devices Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 9.7 Consumer Packaged Goods Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 9.8 Others Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions

10 . GLOBAL MANUFACTURING EXECUTION SYSTEMS MARKET ANALYSIS BY GEOGRAPHY

  • 10.1. Regional Outlook
  • 10.2. Introduction
  • 10.3. North America Sales Analysis
    • 10.3.1. Overview, Historic and Forecast Sales Analysis
    • 10.3.2. North America By Segment Sales Analysis
    • 10.3.3. North America By Country Sales Analysis
    • 10.3.4. United State Sales Analysis
    • 10.3.5. Canada Sales Analysis
    • 10.3.6. Mexico Sales Analysis
  • 10.4. Europe Sales Analysis
    • 10.4.1. Overview, Historic and Forecast Sales Analysis
    • 10.4.2. Europe by Segment Sales Analysis
    • 10.4.3. Europe by Country Sales Analysis
    • 10.4.4. United Kingdom Sales Analysis
    • 10.4.5. France Sales Analysis
    • 10.4.6. Germany Sales Analysis
    • 10.4.7. Italy Sales Analysis
    • 10.4.8. Russia Sales Analysis
    • 10.4.9. Rest Of Europe Sales Analysis
  • 10.5. Asia Pacific Sales Analysis
    • 10.5.1. Overview, Historic and Forecast Sales Analysis
    • 10.5.2. Asia Pacific by Segment Sales Analysis
    • 10.5.3. Asia Pacific by Country Sales Analysis
    • 10.5.4. China Sales Analysis
    • 10.5.5. India Sales Analysis
    • 10.5.6. Japan Sales Analysis
    • 10.5.7. South Korea Sales Analysis
    • 10.5.8. Australia Sales Analysis
    • 10.5.9. Rest Of Asia Pacific Sales Analysis
  • 10.6. Latin America Sales Analysis
    • 10.6.1. Overview, Historic and Forecast Sales Analysis
    • 10.6.2. Latin America by Segment Sales Analysis
    • 10.6.3. Latin America by Country Sales Analysis
    • 10.6.4. Brazil Sales Analysis
    • 10.6.5. Argentina Sales Analysis
    • 10.6.6. Peru Sales Analysis
    • 10.6.7. Chile Sales Analysis
    • 10.6.8. Rest of Latin America Sales Analysis
  • 10.7. Middle East & Africa Sales Analysis
    • 10.7.1. Overview, Historic and Forecast Sales Analysis
    • 10.7.2. Middle East & Africa by Segment Sales Analysis
    • 10.7.3. Middle East & Africa by Country Sales Analysis
    • 10.7.4. Saudi Arabia Sales Analysis
    • 10.7.5. UAE Sales Analysis
    • 10.7.6. Israel Sales Analysis
    • 10.7.7. South Africa Sales Analysis
    • 10.7.8. Rest Of Middle East And Africa Sales Analysis

11 . COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE OF THE MANUFACTURING EXECUTION SYSTEMS COMPANIES

  • 11.1. Manufacturing Execution Systems Market Competition
  • 11.2. Partnership/Collaboration/Agreement
  • 11.3. Merger And Acquisitions
  • 11.4. New Product Launch
  • 11.5. Other Developments

12 . COMPANY PROFILES OF MANUFACTURING EXECUTION SYSTEMS INDUSTRY

  • 12.1. Top Company Share Analysis
  • 12.2. Market Concentration Rate
  • 12.3. Siemens (US)
    • 12.3.1. Company Overview
    • 12.3.2. Company Revenue
    • 12.3.3. Products
    • 12.3.4. Recent Developments
  • 12.4. Rockwell Automation (US)
    • 12.4.1. Company Overview
    • 12.4.2. Company Revenue
    • 12.4.3. Products
    • 12.4.4. Recent Developments
  • 12.5. SAP (US)
    • 12.5.1. Company Overview
    • 12.5.2. Company Revenue
    • 12.5.3. Products
    • 12.5.4. Recent Developments
  • 12.6. Dassault Systemes (France)
    • 12.6.1. Company Overview
    • 12.6.2. Company Revenue
    • 12.6.3. Products
    • 12.6.4. Recent Developments
  • 12.7. Honeywell International (US)
    • 12.7.1. Company Overview
    • 12.7.2. Company Revenue
    • 12.7.3. Products
    • 12.7.4. Recent Developments

Note - in company profiling, financial details and recent development are subject to availability or might not be covered in case of private companies

LIST OF TABLES

  • Market Snapshot
  • Drivers : Impact Analysis
  • Restraints : Impact Analysis
  • List of Raw Material
  • List of Raw Material Manufactures
  • List of Potential Buyers
  • COVID-19 Impact Analysis by Production, Import, Export and Demand
  • Pre V/S Post COVID-19
  • Estimated Impact Of The Coronavirus (Covid-19) Epidemic
  • COVID-19: Micro and Macro Factor Analysis
  • Analysis by Offering (USD MN)
  • Software Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Services Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Analysis Market by Deployment Type (USD MN)
  • On-premises Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • On-demand Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Hybrid Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Analysis by Process Industry (USD MN)
  • Food & Beverages Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Oil & Gas Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Chemicals Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Pulp & Paper Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Pharmaceuticals & Life Sciences Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Energy & Power Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Water & Wastewater Management Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Others Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Analysis by Discrete Industry (USD MN)
  • Automotive Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Aerospace Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Medical Devices Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Consumer Packaged Goods Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Others Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Global Manufacturing Execution Systems Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • North America Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • United State Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Canada Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Mexico Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Europe Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Europe Market Estimate by Country (USD MN)
  • United Kingdom Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • France Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Germany Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Italy Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Russia Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Spain Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Rest of Europe Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Asia Pacific Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • China Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Japan Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • India Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • South Korea Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Australia Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Rest of Asia Pacific Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Latin America Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Brazil Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Argentina Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Peru Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Chile Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Rest of Latin America Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Middle East & Africa Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Saudi Arabia Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • UAE Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Israel Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • South Africa Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Rest of Middle East and Africa Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Partnership/Collaboration/Agreement
  • Mergers And Acquisition

LIST OF FIGURES

  • Research Scope of Manufacturing Execution Systems Report
  • Market Research Process
  • Market Research Methodology
  • Global Manufacturing Execution Systems Market Size, by Region (USD MN)
  • Porters Five Forces Analysis
  • Market Attractiveness Analysis by Offering
  • Market Attractiveness Analysis by Deployment Type
  • Market Attractiveness Analysis by Process Industry
  • Market Attractiveness Analysis by Discrete Industry
  • Market Attractiveness Analysis by Region
  • Value Chain Analysis
  • Global Market Analysis Offering (USD MN)
  • Software Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Services Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Global Market Analysis by Deployment Type (USD MN)
  • On-premises Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • On-demand Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Hybrid Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Global Market Analysis by Process Industry (USD MN)
  • Food & Beverages Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Oil & Gas Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Chemicals Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Pulp & Paper Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Pharmaceuticals & Life Sciences Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Energy & Power Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Water & Wastewater Management Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Others Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Global Market Analysis by Discrete Industry (USD MN)
  • Automotive Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Aerospace Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Medical Devices Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Consumer Packaged Goods Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Others Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Global Market by Revenue
  • North America Market by Revenue
  • Europe Market by Revenue
  • Asia Pacific Market by Revenue
  • Latin America Market by Revenue
  • Middle East & Africa Market by Revenue
  • Recent Development in Industry
  • Top Company Share Analysis

Kindly note that the above listed are the basic tables and figures of the report and are not limited to the TOC.