Product Code: TIPRE00005017
The identity verification market size is expected to grow from US$ 9.16 billion in 2022 to US$ 31.95 billion by 2030; it is estimated to record a CAGR of 16.9% from 2022 to 2030.
North America and Europe are expected to hold a major identity verification market share during the forecast period. The stringent regulations such as Anti-Money Laundering (AML), Know Your Customer (KYC), and digital fraud prevention are driving the North America and Europe identity verification market share. Asia Pacific is expected to record a high CAGR in the identity verification market during the forecast period due to digitalization in various sectors and the increasing adoption of artificial intelligence (AI), fraud analytics, and other advanced technologies.
The rise in security threats in the coming years is expected to raise its demand for solutions that hastily analyze a large amount of data with the help of technologies like Artificial Intelligence. The ability of artificial intelligence to provide quick mathematical calculations in order to augment the vital abilities of human intelligence is anticipated to generate the greatest growth opportunity to broaden identity verification market size in the near future.
AI has proven to be extensively worthy of threat detection as it can detect anomalies, patterns, and outliers more effortlessly and even with a less skilled workforce. Several identity verification market players have already integrated their existing solutions with AI techniques to improve their analytical and incident response abilities. For example, in July 2023, DocuSign launched its enhanced identity verification offering, Liveness Detection for ID Verification. This solution uses artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled biometric checks to verify signers. In addition, in July 2023, Checkout.com unveiled Identity Verification, its first product focused on improving the customer onboarding and identity verification process. It uses proprietary artificial intelligence and is trained on billions of identity and facial recognition documents.
In the coming years, as the expectations of end users regarding user behavior and threat detection capabilities will increase, the collaboration of existing identity verification solutions with advanced analytical technologies is expected to drive the identity verification market growth.
The government of various countries invests in strengthening cybersecurity. For example, the US Department of Labor's IT systems aims to protect data related to America's workers, which includes ~94.8 million records of highly vulnerable, personally identifiable information. In addition, according to the Indian Budget 2023, ~US$ 75.47 million (INR 62.5 million) was allocated to the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) to improve the country's cybersecurity infrastructure.
As the transaction volumes increase worldwide, regulatory requirements also increase. Thus, the rise in government regulations and investments in cybersecurity encourages market players to adopt identity verification solutions, acting as a growth opportunity for the identity verification market growth.
Trulioo; Onfido; Mitek Systems, Inc; IDology; Authenteq; Experian Plc; Thales SA; IDEMIA; Jumio Corporation; and LexisNexis Risk Solutions Group are among the key identity verification market players profiled in this market study. Several other essential identity verification market players were analyzed for a holistic view of the market and its ecosystem.
The overall identity verification market size has been derived using both primary and secondary sources. To begin the identity verification market research process, exhaustive secondary research has been conducted using internal and external sources to obtain qualitative and quantitative information related to the identity verification market. The process also serves the purpose of obtaining an overview and market forecast of the identity verification market growth with respect to all market segments. Also, multiple primary interviews have been conducted with industry participants and commentators to validate the data and gain more analytical insights about the topic. Participants of this process include industry experts such as VPs, business development managers, market intelligence managers, and national sales managers-along with external consultants such as valuation experts, research analysts, and key opinion leaders-specializing in the identity verification market.
Reasons to Buy:
- Save and reduce time carrying out entry-level research by identifying the growth, size, leading players and segments in the identity verification market
- Highlights key business priorities in order to assist companies to realign their business strategies
- The key findings and recommendations such as specific country and segmental insight highlights crucial progressive industry trends in the identity verification market, thereby allowing players across the value chain to develop effective long-term strategies
- Develop/modify business expansion plans by using substantial growth offering developed and emerging markets
- Scrutinize in-depth market trends and outlook coupled with the factors driving the market, as well as those hindering it
- Enhance the decision-making process by understanding the strategies that underpin commercial interest with respect to client products, segmentation, pricing and distribution
Table Of Contents
1. Introduction
- 1.1 The Insight Partners Research Report Guidance
- 1.2 Market Segmentation
2. Executive Summary
- 2.1 Key Insights
- 2.2 Market Attractiveness
3. Research Methodology
- 3.1 Coverage
- 3.2 Secondary Research
- 3.3 Primary Research
4. Identity Verification Market Landscape
- 4.1 Overview
- 4.2 PEST Analysis
- 4.3 Ecosystem Analysis
- 4.3.1 List of Vendors in Value Chain
5. Identity Verification Market - Key Industry Dynamics
- 5.1 Identity Verification Market - Key Industry Dynamics
- 5.2 Market Drivers
- 5.2.1 Increase in Cases of Identity Fraud
- 5.2.2 Rise in Demand from BFSI Sector
- 5.2.3 Increase in Adoption of Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) Concept
- 5.3 Market Restraints
- 5.3.1 Data Privacy and Security Concerns
- 5.4 Market Opportunities
- 5.4.1 Rising Need for Digitization in Small and Medium Enterprises
- 5.4.2 Increasing Regulatory Initiatives and Investments by Governments
- 5.5 Future Trends
- 5.5.1 Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Other Advanced Technologies
- 5.6 Impact of Drivers and Restraints:
6. Identity Verification Market - Global Market Analysis
- 6.1 Identity Verification Market Revenue (US$ Million), 2022 - 2030
- 6.2 Identity Verification Market Forecast and Analysis
7. Identity Verification Market Analysis - Component
- 7.1 Solution
- 7.1.1 Overview
- 7.1.2 Solution Market, Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
- 7.2 Services
- 7.2.1 Overview
- 7.2.2 Services Market, Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
8. Identity Verification Market Analysis - Deployment
- 8.1 Cloud
- 8.1.1 Overview
- 8.1.2 Cloud Market, Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
- 8.2 On-Premise
- 8.2.1 Overview
- 8.2.2 On-Premise Market, Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
9. Identity Verification Market Analysis - Organization Size
- 9.1 Large Enterprises
- 9.1.1 Overview
- 9.1.2 Large Enterprises Market, Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
- 9.2 SMEs
- 9.2.1 Overview
- 9.2.2 SMEs Market, Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
10. Identity Verification Market Analysis - Type
- 10.1 Biometric Verification
- 10.1.1 Overview
- 10.1.2 Biometric Verification Market, Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
- 10.2 Online Verification
- 10.2.1 Overview
- 10.2.2 Online Verification Market, Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
- 10.3 Knowledge Based Authentication
- 10.3.1 Overview
- 10.3.2 Knowledge Based Authentication Market, Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
- 10.4 Others
- 10.4.1 Overview
- 10.4.2 Others Market Revenue, and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
11. Identity Verification Market Analysis - Industry Vertical
- 11.1 BFSI
- 11.1.1 Overview
- 11.1.2 BFSI Market, Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
- 11.2 Government and Defense
- 11.2.1 Overview
- 11.2.2 Government and Defense Market, Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
- 11.3 Healthcare
- 11.3.1 Overview
- 11.3.2 Healthcare Market, Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
- 11.4 IT and Telecom
- 11.4.1 Overview
- 11.4.2 IT and Telecom Market, Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
- 11.5 Retail
- 11.5.1 Overview
- 11.5.2 Retail Market, Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
- 11.6 Others
- 11.6.1 Overview
- 11.6.2 Others Market Revenue, and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
12. Identity Verification Market - Geographical Analysis
- 12.1 Overview
- 12.2 North America: Identity Verification Market
- 12.2.1 North America: Revenue, and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
- 12.2.2 North America: Identity Verification Market, by Component
- 12.2.3 North America: Identity Verification Market, by Deployment
- 12.2.4 North America: Identity Verification Market, by Organization Size
- 12.2.5 North America: Identity Verification Market, by Type
- 12.2.6 North America: Identity Verification Market, by Industry Vertical
- 12.2.7 North America: Identity Verification Market, by Key Country
- 12.2.7.1 US: Identity Verification Market - Revenue, and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
- 12.2.7.1.1 US DNS Security Software Market Breakdown by Component
- 12.2.7.1.2 US: Identity Verification Market, by Deployment
- 12.2.7.1.3 US: Identity Verification Market, by Organization Size
- 12.2.7.1.4 US: Identity Verification Market, by Type
- 12.2.7.1.5 US: Identity Verification Market, by Industry Vertical
- 12.2.7.2 Canada: Identity Verification Market - Revenue, and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
- 12.2.7.2.1 Canada DNS Security Software Market Breakdown by Component
- 12.2.7.2.2 Canada: Identity Verification Market, by Deployment
- 12.2.7.2.3 Canada: Identity Verification Market, by Organization Size
- 12.2.7.2.4 Canada: Identity Verification Market, by Type
- 12.2.7.2.5 Canada: Identity Verification Market, by Industry Vertical
- 12.2.7.3 Mexico: Identity Verification Market - Revenue, and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
- 12.2.7.3.1 Mexico DNS Security Software Market Breakdown by Component
- 12.2.7.3.2 Mexico: Identity Verification Market, by Deployment
- 12.2.7.3.3 Mexico: Identity Verification Market, by Organization Size
- 12.2.7.3.4 Mexico: Identity Verification Market, by Type
- 12.2.7.3.5 Mexico: Identity Verification Market, by Industry Vertical
- 12.3 Europe: Identity Verification Market
- 12.3.1 Europe: Revenue, and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
- 12.3.2 Europe: Identity Verification Market, by Component
- 12.3.3 Europe: Identity Verification Market, by Deployment
- 12.3.4 Europe: Identity Verification Market, by Organization Size
- 12.3.5 Europe: Identity Verification Market, by Type
- 12.3.6 Europe: Identity Verification Market, by Industry Vertical
- 12.3.7 Europe: Identity Verification Market, by Key Country
- 12.3.7.1 UK: Identity Verification Market - Revenue, and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
- 12.3.7.1.1 UK DNS Security Software Market Breakdown by Component
- 12.3.7.1.2 UK: Identity Verification Market, by Deployment
- 12.3.7.1.3 UK: Identity Verification Market, by Organization Size
- 12.3.7.1.4 UK: Identity Verification Market, by Type
- 12.3.7.1.5 UK: Identity Verification Market, by Industry Vertical
- 12.3.7.2 Germany: Identity Verification Market - Revenue, and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
- 12.3.7.2.1 Germany DNS Security Software Market Breakdown by Component
- 12.3.7.2.2 Germany: Identity Verification Market, by Deployment
- 12.3.7.2.3 Germany: Identity Verification Market, by Organization Size
- 12.3.7.2.4 Germany: Identity Verification Market, by Type
- 12.3.7.2.5 Germany: Identity Verification Market, by Industry Vertical
- 12.3.7.3 France: Identity Verification Market - Revenue, and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
- 12.3.7.3.1 France DNS Security Software Market Breakdown by Component
- 12.3.7.3.2 France: Identity Verification Market, by Deployment
- 12.3.7.3.3 France: Identity Verification Market, by Organization Size
- 12.3.7.3.4 France: Identity Verification Market, by Type
- 12.3.7.3.5 France: Identity Verification Market, by Industry Vertical
- 12.3.7.4 Italy: Identity Verification Market - Revenue, and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
- 12.3.7.4.1 Italy DNS Security Software Market Breakdown by Component
- 12.3.7.4.2 Italy: Identity Verification Market, by Deployment
- 12.3.7.4.3 Italy: Identity Verification Market, by Organization Size
- 12.3.7.4.4 Italy: Identity Verification Market, by Type
- 12.3.7.4.5 Italy: Identity Verification Market, by Industry Vertical
- 12.3.7.5 Russia: Identity Verification Market - Revenue, and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
- 12.3.7.5.1 Russia DNS Security Software Market Breakdown by Component
- 12.3.7.5.2 Russia: Identity Verification Market, by Deployment
- 12.3.7.5.3 Russia: Identity Verification Market, by Organization Size
- 12.3.7.5.4 Russia: Identity Verification Market, by Type
- 12.3.7.5.5 Russia: Identity Verification Market, by Industry Vertical
- 12.3.7.6 Rest of Europe: Identity Verification Market - Revenue, and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
- 12.3.7.6.1 Rest of Europe DNS Security Software Market Breakdown by Component
- 12.3.7.6.2 Rest of Europe: Identity Verification Market, by Deployment
- 12.3.7.6.3 Rest of Europe: Identity Verification Market, by Organization Size
- 12.3.7.6.4 Rest of Europe: Identity Verification Market, by Type
- 12.3.7.6.5 Rest of Europe: Identity Verification Market, by Industry Vertical
- 12.4 Asia Pacific: Identity Verification Market
- 12.4.1 Asia Pacific: Revenue, and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
- 12.4.2 Asia Pacific: Identity Verification Market, by Component
- 12.4.3 Asia Pacific: Identity Verification Market, by Deployment
- 12.4.4 Asia Pacific: Identity Verification Market, by Organization Size
- 12.4.5 Asia Pacific: Identity Verification Market, by Type
- 12.4.6 Asia Pacific: Identity Verification Market, by Industry Vertical
- 12.4.7 Asia Pacific: Identity Verification Market, by Key Country
- 12.4.7.1 China: Identity Verification Market - Revenue, and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
- 12.4.7.1.1 China DNS Security Software Market Breakdown by Component
- 12.4.7.1.2 China: Identity Verification Market, by Deployment
- 12.4.7.1.3 China: Identity Verification Market, by Organization Size
- 12.4.7.1.4 China: Identity Verification Market, by Type
- 12.4.7.1.5 China: Identity Verification Market, by Industry Vertical
- 12.4.7.2 Japan: Identity Verification Market - Revenue, and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
- 12.4.7.2.1 Japan DNS Security Software Market Breakdown by Component
- 12.4.7.2.2 Japan: Identity Verification Market, by Deployment
- 12.4.7.2.3 Japan: Identity Verification Market, by Organization Size
- 12.4.7.2.4 Japan: Identity Verification Market, by Type
- 12.4.7.2.5 Japan: Identity Verification Market, by Industry Vertical
- 12.4.7.3 South Korea: Identity Verification Market - Revenue, and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
- 12.4.7.3.1 South Korea DNS Security Software Market Breakdown by Component
- 12.4.7.3.2 South Korea: Identity Verification Market, by Deployment
- 12.4.7.3.3 South Korea: Identity Verification Market, by Organization Size
- 12.4.7.3.4 South Korea: Identity Verification Market, by Type
- 12.4.7.3.5 South Korea: Identity Verification Market, by Industry Vertical
- 12.4.7.4 India: Identity Verification Market - Revenue, and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
- 12.4.7.4.1 India DNS Security Software Market Breakdown by Component
- 12.4.7.4.2 India: Identity Verification Market, by Deployment
- 12.4.7.4.3 India: Identity Verification Market, by Organization Size
- 12.4.7.4.4 India: Identity Verification Market, by Type
- 12.4.7.4.5 India: Identity Verification Market, by Industry Vertical
- 12.4.7.5 Australia: Identity Verification Market - Revenue, and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
- 12.4.7.5.1 Australia DNS Security Software Market Breakdown by Component
- 12.4.7.5.2 Australia: Identity Verification Market, by Deployment
- 12.4.7.5.3 Australia: Identity Verification Market, by Organization Size
- 12.4.7.5.4 Australia: Identity Verification Market, by Type
- 12.4.7.5.5 Australia: Identity Verification Market, by Industry Vertical
- 12.4.7.6 Rest of Asia Pacific: Identity Verification Market - Revenue, and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
- 12.4.7.6.1 Rest of Asia Pacific DNS Security Software Market Breakdown by Component
- 12.4.7.6.2 Rest of Asia Pacific: Identity Verification Market, by Deployment
- 12.4.7.6.3 Rest of Asia Pacific: Identity Verification Market, by Organization Size
- 12.4.7.6.4 Rest of Asia Pacific: Identity Verification Market, by Type
- 12.4.7.6.5 Rest of Asia Pacific: Identity Verification Market, by Industry Vertical
- 12.5 MEA: Identity Verification Market
- 12.5.1 MEA: Revenue, and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
- 12.5.2 MEA: Identity Verification Market, by Component
- 12.5.3 MEA: Identity Verification Market, by Deployment
- 12.5.4 MEA: Identity Verification Market, by Organization Size
- 12.5.5 MEA: Identity Verification Market, by Type
- 12.5.6 MEA: Identity Verification Market, by Industry Vertical
- 12.5.7 MEA: Identity Verification Market, by Key Country
- 12.5.7.1 UAE: Identity Verification Market - Revenue, and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
- 12.5.7.1.1 UAE DNS Security Software Market Breakdown by Component
- 12.5.7.1.2 UAE: Identity Verification Market, by Deployment
- 12.5.7.1.3 UAE: Identity Verification Market, by Organization Size
- 12.5.7.1.4 UAE: Identity Verification Market, by Type
- 12.5.7.1.5 UAE: Identity Verification Market, by Industry Vertical
- 12.5.7.2 Saudi Arabia: Identity Verification Market - Revenue, and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
- 12.5.7.2.1 Saudi Arabia DNS Security Software Market Breakdown by Component
- 12.5.7.2.2 Saudi Arabia: Identity Verification Market, by Deployment
- 12.5.7.2.3 Saudi Arabia: Identity Verification Market, by Organization Size
- 12.5.7.2.4 Saudi Arabia: Identity Verification Market, by Type
- 12.5.7.2.5 Saudi Arabia: Identity Verification Market, by Industry Vertical
- 12.5.7.3 South Africa: Identity Verification Market - Revenue, and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
- 12.5.7.3.1 South Africa DNS Security Software Market Breakdown by Component
- 12.5.7.3.2 South Africa: Identity Verification Market, by Deployment
- 12.5.7.3.3 South Africa: Identity Verification Market, by Organization Size
- 12.5.7.3.4 South Africa: Identity Verification Market, by Type
- 12.5.7.3.5 South Africa: Identity Verification Market, by Industry Vertical
- 12.5.7.4 Rest of MEA: Identity Verification Market - Revenue, and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
- 12.5.7.4.1 Rest of MEA DNS Security Software Market Breakdown by Component
- 12.5.7.4.2 Rest of MEA: Identity Verification Market, by Deployment
- 12.5.7.4.3 Rest of MEA: Identity Verification Market, by Organization Size
- 12.5.7.4.4 Rest of MEA: Identity Verification Market, by Type
- 12.5.7.4.5 Rest of MEA: Identity Verification Market, by Industry Vertical
- 12.6 South America: Identity Verification Market
- 12.6.1 South America: Revenue, and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
- 12.6.2 South America: Identity Verification Market, by Component
- 12.6.3 South America: Identity Verification Market, by Deployment
- 12.6.4 South America: Identity Verification Market, by Organization Size
- 12.6.5 South America: Identity Verification Market, by Type
- 12.6.6 South America: Identity Verification Market, by Industry Vertical
- 12.6.7 South America: Identity Verification Market, by Key Country
- 12.6.7.1 Brazil: Identity Verification Market - Revenue, and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
- 12.6.7.1.1 Brazil DNS Security Software Market Breakdown by Component
- 12.6.7.1.2 Brazil: Identity Verification Market, by Deployment
- 12.6.7.1.3 Brazil: Identity Verification Market, by Organization Size
- 12.6.7.1.4 Brazil: Identity Verification Market, by Type
- 12.6.7.1.5 Brazil: Identity Verification Market, by Industry Vertical
- 12.6.7.2 Argentina: Identity Verification Market - Revenue, and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
- 12.6.7.2.1 Argentina DNS Security Software Market Breakdown by Component
- 12.6.7.2.2 Argentina: Identity Verification Market, by Deployment
- 12.6.7.2.3 Argentina: Identity Verification Market, by Organization Size
- 12.6.7.2.4 Argentina: Identity Verification Market, by Type
- 12.6.7.2.5 Argentina: Identity Verification Market, by Industry Vertical
- 12.6.7.3 Rest of South America: Identity Verification Market - Revenue, and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
- 12.6.7.3.1 Rest of South America DNS Security Software Market Breakdown by Component
- 12.6.7.3.2 Rest of South America: Identity Verification Market, by Deployment
- 12.6.7.3.3 Rest of South America: Identity Verification Market, by Organization Size
- 12.6.7.3.4 Rest of South America: Identity Verification Market, by Type
- 12.6.7.3.5 Rest of South America: Identity Verification Market, by Industry Vertical
13. Identity Verification Market - Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic
- 13.1 Pre & Post Covid-19 Impact
14. Competitive Landscape
- 14.1 Heat Map Analysis by Key Players
- 14.2 Company Positioning & Concentration
15. Industry Landscape
- 15.1 Overview
- 15.2 Market Initiative
- 15.3 New Product Development
- 15.4 Merger and Acquisition
16. Company Profiles
- 16.1 Trulioo
- 16.1.1 Key Facts
- 16.1.2 Business Description
- 16.1.3 Products and Services
- 16.1.4 Financial Overview
- 16.1.5 SWOT Analysis
- 16.1.6 Key Developments
- 16.2 Onfido
- 16.2.1 Key Facts
- 16.2.2 Business Description
- 16.2.3 Products and Services
- 16.2.4 Financial Overview
- 16.2.5 SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.6 Key Developments
- 16.3 Mitek Systems, Inc
- 16.3.1 Key Facts
- 16.3.2 Business Description
- 16.3.3 Products and Services
- 16.3.4 Financial Overview
- 16.3.5 SWOT Analysis
- 16.3.6 Key Developments
- 16.4 IDology
- 16.4.1 Key Facts
- 16.4.2 Business Description
- 16.4.3 Products and Services
- 16.4.4 Financial Overview
- 16.4.5 SWOT Analysis
- 16.4.6 Key Developments
- 16.5 Authenteq
- 16.5.1 Key Facts
- 16.5.2 Business Description
- 16.5.3 Products and Services
- 16.5.4 Financial Overview
- 16.5.5 SWOT Analysis
- 16.5.6 Key Developments
- 16.6 Experian Plc
- 16.6.1 Key Facts
- 16.6.2 Business Description
- 16.6.3 Products and Services
- 16.6.4 Financial Overview
- 16.6.5 SWOT Analysis
- 16.6.6 Key Developments
- 16.7 Thales SA
- 16.7.1 Key Facts
- 16.7.2 Business Description
- 16.7.3 Products and Services
- 16.7.4 Financial Overview
- 16.7.5 SWOT Analysis
- 16.7.6 Key Developments
- 16.8 IDEMIA
- 16.8.1 Key Facts
- 16.8.2 Business Description
- 16.8.3 Products and Services
- 16.8.4 Financial Overview
- 16.8.5 SWOT Analysis
- 16.8.6 Key Developments
- 16.9 Jumio Corporation
- 16.9.1 Key Facts
- 16.9.2 Business Description
- 16.9.3 Products and Services
- 16.9.4 Financial Overview
- 16.9.5 SWOT Analysis
- 16.9.6 Key Developments
- 16.10 LexisNexis Risk Solutions Group
- 16.10.1 Key Facts
- 16.10.2 Business Description
- 16.10.3 Products and Services
- 16.10.4 Financial Overview
- 16.10.5 SWOT Analysis
- 16.10.6 Key Developments
17. Appendix
- 17.1 About The Insight Partners
- 17.2 Word Index