後量子密碼學發展趨勢

目前有兩種加密方法可以抵抗量子攻擊。 一個是基於量子力學的量子密碼學，另一個是基於一類新的困難數學問題的後量子密碼學（PQC）。 現階段，PQC 提供的總體優勢超過了量子密鑰分發 (QKD)。 這是因為 PQC 啟用的加密基礎是量子計算機無法破解的算法。 此外，PQC 可以使用現有計算器來實施。 另一方面，QKD量子技術尚未成熟，相關專用設備的研發和搭建存在一定的困難。 傳播 QKD 需要大量的時間和資源。

TRI成立於1996年，並於2015年併入TrendForce。 我們是一家研究公司，致力於廣泛的主題，包括半導體、電信、物聯網、汽車系統、人工智能、新興技術應用以及主要區域市場（美國、歐洲、日本、韓國、中國、台灣等）。 TRI的服務因對新興科技行業和區域發展趨勢的準確理解而受到各類組織的高度評價。

本報告提供了 TRI 對後量子密碼學發展趨勢的看法。

目錄

第一章量子計算機的快速發展及對現有密碼系統安全的重大影響

第二章量子密碼與後量子密碼作為兩大抗量子密碼技術

第 3 章 TRI 的觀點

Currently, there are two encryption methods that are capable of resisting quantum attacks. The first is quantum cryptography that is based on quantum mechanics, while the other is post-quantum cryptography (PQC) that centers on a new class of hard mathematical problems. At the present stage, the overall benefits provided by PQC surpass those of quantum key distribution (QKD) because the underlying basis of the encryptions enabled by PQC is algorithms that quantum computers cannot break. Furthermore, PQC can be deployed with existing computing equipment. By contrast, QKD faces certain difficulties in terms of the development and setup of the related specialized equipment because quantum technology has yet to reach maturity. A considerable length of time as well as a significant amount of resources are needed to achieve widespread use for QKD.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Rapid Development of Quantum Computers and Its Significant Impact on Security of Existing Encryption Systems

2. Quantum Cryptography and Post-quantum Cryptography as Two Main Quantum-resistant Encryption Technologies

3. TRI's View