到 2028 年北美膠囊香料市場預測 - 按產品類型、應用分類的區域分析
市場調查報告書
商品編碼
1375217

到 2028 年北美膠囊香料市場預測 - 按產品類型、應用分類的區域分析

North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market Forecast to 2028 - Regional Analysis By Product Type, Application

出版日期: | 出版商: The Insight Partners | 英文 119 Pages | 訂單完成後即時交付

價格

北美膠囊香料市場預計將從2022年的3.7708億美元成長到2028年的4.8504億美元。預計2022年至2028年年複合成長率為4.3%。

主要市場參與者的策略性措施推動北美膠囊香料市場

全球膠囊香料製造商在產品推出、併購和業務擴張等策略發展措施上進行了大量投資,以吸引消費者並增強其產品地位。本地和國際參與者正在推進並推出新產品,以滿足各種應用中對膠囊香料不斷成長的需求。例如,2021年12月,奇華頓公司宣布推出PlanetCaps,這是一種香料封裝創新產品,可確保在織物柔軟劑的生物來源和可生物分解的輸送系統中提供持久的香料體驗。此次發布旨在擴大其產品組合併提高永續性。因此,主要市場參與者的此類策略舉措推動了膠囊香料市場的成長。

北美膠囊香料市場概況

北美膠囊香料市場分為美國、加拿大和墨西哥。北美是膠囊香料市場成長的主要地區之一,因為對香水、除臭劑、乳液、洗髮精和肥皂的需求量很大,人們越來越關注個人衛生、儀容和外觀。根據 NPD 集團的數據,2021 年美國高階美容行業創造了 220 億美元的收入,與 2020 年相比銷售額成長了 30%。香水產品銷售額同比成長 49%,在 2021 年超過了所有其他類別其次是髮製品銷售額成長47%,彩妝產品銷售額成長23%,保養品銷售額成長18%。此外,該地區經濟的穩定成長、可支配收入的增加、對成分益處的認知不斷提高以及具體要求使消費者能夠在高品質、優質、奢華的香水產品上花費更多。因此,對香水和個人護理產品的需求增加促進了北美膠囊香水市場的成長。

據 International Flavors & Fragrances Inc. 稱,到 2022 年,82% 的美國消費者尋求洗衣產品的新鮮度。此外,封裝技術的進步為製造商提供了利潤豐厚的產品差異化和客製化機會。 International Flavors & Fragrances Inc. 是該地區領先的膠囊香水製造商,提供「infinitIFF」——一種能夠持續釋放香味長達八小時的膠囊技術。聚脲封裝技術可釋放油脂,增強並延長剛洗過的香氣體驗。因此,主要行業參與者的此類技術進步擴大了膠囊香料的應用領域,吸引了尋求創新和持久香料體驗的消費者,推動了該地區膠囊香料市場的成長。然而,由於需要專門的設備和材料(例如芳香精油和香料混合物),因此封裝過程相當昂貴。因此,高昂的成本限制了膠囊香料的採用。膠囊香料有助於更有效地保存和傳遞香料。此外,消費者對健康和環境議題的意識不斷增強,對天然和有機香料的需求也隨之增加。因此,上述所有因素都會影響整個北美地區對膠囊香料的需求。

北美膠囊香料市場收入及 2028 年預測(百萬美元)

北美膠囊香料市場細分

北美膠囊香料市場按產品類型、應用和國家進行細分。

根據產品類型,北美膠囊香料市場分為香料混合物、芳香化學品等。 2022 年,其他細分市場在北美膠囊香料市場中佔據最大佔有率。

根據應用,北美膠囊香料市場分為香水和香料、清潔產品、化妝品、個人衛生用品、食品和飲料等。 2022年,清潔產品領域在北美膠囊香料市場中佔據最大佔有率。

按國家/地區分類,北美膠囊香料市場分為美國、加拿大和墨西哥。 2022年,美國市場在北美膠囊香料市場中佔據最大佔有率。

阿什蘭公司;芬美意公司;福爾曼有限公司;奇華頓公司;格拉特有限公司;安瑞安公司;國際香精香料公司;和 Symrise AG 是北美膠囊香料市場的一些領先公司。

目錄

第 1 章:簡介

  • 研究範圍
  • Insight Partners 研究報告指南
  • 市場區隔
    • 北美膠囊香料市場,依產品類型
    • 北美膠囊香料市場(按應用)
    • 北美膠囊香料市場(按國家/地區)

第 2 章:要點

第 3 章:研究方法

  • 研究範圍
    • 北美膠囊香料市場,依產品類型和應用分類
  • 研究方法論
    • 數據採集:
    • 初步面試:
    • 假設表述:
    • 宏觀經濟因素分析:
    • 顯影基數:
    • 數據三角測量:
    • 國家級資料:

第 4 章:北美膠囊香料市場格局

  • 市場概況
  • 波特五力分析
    • 供應商的議價能力
    • 買家的議價能力:
    • 新進入者的威脅
    • 競爭競爭
    • 替代品的威脅
  • 生態系分析
    • 概述:
    • 原料供應商:
    • 製造商
    • 經銷商
    • 最終用戶
  • 專家意見

第 5 章:北美膠囊香料市場 - 主要市場動態

  • 市場促進因素
    • 各種應用中越來越多採用膠囊香料
    • 主要市場參與者的策略性舉措
  • 市場限制
    • 與封裝技術相關的高成本
  • 市場機會
    • 封裝技術不斷創新
  • 未來的趨勢
    • 對天然香料的需求不斷增加
  • 影響分析

第 6 章:膠囊香料 - 北美市場分析

  • 北美膠囊香料市場概況
  • 北美膠囊香料市場 - 2028 年銷售與預測(千噸)

第 7 章:北美膠囊香料市場分析 - 按產品類型

  • 概述
  • 北美膠囊香料市場,依產品類型分類(2022 年和 2028 年)
  • 香水混合物
  • 芳香化學品
  • 其他

第 8 章:北美膠囊香料市場分析 -按應用

  • 概述
  • 北美膠囊香料市場,按應用(2022 年和 2028 年)
  • 香水和香精
  • 清潔產品
  • 化妝品
  • 個人衛生用品
  • 食品和飲料
  • 其他

第 9 章:北美膠囊香料市場 - 國家分析

    • 北美洲
      • 美國
      • 加拿大
      • 墨西哥

第 10 章:產業格局

  • 概述
  • 擴張
  • 新產品開發
  • 併購

第 11 章:公司簡介

  • Firmenich SA
  • Givaudan SA
  • Ingredion Inc
  • International Flavors & Fragrances Inc
  • Symrise AG
  • Glatt GmbH
  • Follmann GmbH & Co KG
  • Ashland Inc

第 12 章:附錄

  • 關於 Insight Partners
  • 專業術語
Product Code: BMIRE00028890

The North America encapsulated fragrances market is expected to grow from US$ 377.08 million in 2022 to US$ 485.04 million by 2028. It is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 4.3% from 2022 to 2028.

Strategic Initiatives by Key Market Players Drive North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market

Encapsulated fragrances manufacturers worldwide invest significantly in strategic development initiatives such as product launched, merger and acquisition, and business expansion to attract consumers and enhance their product position. Local and international players are advancing and launching new products to cater to the rising demand for encapsulated fragrances in various applications. For instance, in December 2021, Givaudan SA announced the launch of PlanetCaps, a fragrance encapsulated innovation which ensures long lasting fragrance experience in a bio-sourced and biodegradable delivery system for fabric softeners. The launch was aimed to expand its product portfolio and boost the sustainability. Thus, such strategic initiatives by key market players drive the growth of the encapsulated fragrances market.

North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market Overview

The North America encapsulated fragrances market is segmented into the US, Canada, and Mexico. North America is one of the prominent regions for the encapsulated fragrances market growth, owing to high demand for perfumes, deodorants, lotions, shampoo, and soaps with the increasing focus on personal hygiene, grooming, and appearance. According to the NPD Group, the US prestige beauty industry generated US$ 22 billion in 2021, a 30% increase in sales, compared to 2020. With year-over-year sales increase of 49%, fragrance products surpassed all other categories in 2021, followed by hair products whose sales grew by 47%, makeup products sales rose by 23%, and skincare products sales grew by 18%. Also, the region's steady economic growth, rising disposable income, increasing awareness of incorporated ingredients' benefits, and specific requirements enable consumers to spend more on high-quality, premium, luxury fragrance products. Therefore, the increased demand for perfumes and personal care products bolsters the encapsulated fragrance market growth in North America.

According to International Flavors & Fragrances Inc., in 2022, 82% of US consumers looked for freshness in a laundry product. Also, the advances in encapsulation techniques have provided lucrative opportunities for manufacturers for product differentiation and customization. International Flavors & Fragrances Inc., the region's leading encapsulated fragrances manufacturer, provides "infinitIFF"-an encapsulation technology that delivers constant fragrance escape for up to eight hours. The polyurea encapsulation technology releases oil that enhances and extends the freshly laundered aroma experience. Hence, such technological advancements by the key industry participants have expanded the application areas of encapsulated fragrances and attracted consumers seeking innovative and long-lasting fragrance experiences, driving the encapsulated fragrances market growth in the region. However, the encapsulation process is quite costly due to specialized equipment and materials such as aromatic essential oils and fragrance blends. Hence, the high cost is restricting the adoption of encapsulated fragrances. Encapsulated fragrances help preserve and deliver fragrances more efficiently and effectively. Moreover, growing consumer awareness regarding health and environmental concerns has increased the demand for natural and organic fragrances. Therefore, all the above factors influence the demand for encapsulated fragrances across North America.

North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)

North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market Segmentation

The North America encapsulated fragrances market is segmented into product type, application, and country.

Based on product type, the North America encapsulated fragrances market is segmented into fragrance blends, aroma chemicals, and others. In 2022, the others segment registered the largest share in the North America encapsulated fragrances market.

Based on application, the North America encapsulated fragrances market is segmented into perfumes and fragrances, cleaning products, cosmetics, personal hygiene products, food and beverages, and others. In 2022, the cleaning products segment registered the largest share in the North America encapsulated fragrances market.

Based on country, the North America encapsulated fragrances market is segmented into the US, Canada, Mexico. In 2022, the US segment registered the largest share in the North America encapsulated fragrances market.

Ashland Inc; Firmenich SA; Follmann GmbH & Co KG; Givaudan SA; Glatt GmbH; Ingredion Inc; International Flavors & Fragrances Inc; and Symrise AG are some of the leading companies operating in the North America encapsulated fragrances market.

Reasons to Buy:

  • Save and reduce time carrying out entry-level research by identifying the growth, size, leading players, and segments in the North America encapsulated fragrances market.
  • Highlights key business priorities in order to assist companies to realign their business strategies
  • The key findings and recommendations highlight crucial progressive industry trends in the North America encapsulated fragrances market, thereby allowing players across the value chain to develop effective long-term strategies
  • Develop/modify business expansion plans by using substantial growth offering developed and emerging markets
  • Scrutinize in-depth North America market trends and outlook coupled with the factors driving the encapsulated fragrances market, as well as those hindering it
  • Enhance the decision-making process by understanding the strategies that underpin commercial interest with respect to client products, segmentation, pricing, and distribution

Table Of Contents

1. Introduction

  • 1.1 Scope of the Study
  • 1.2 The Insight Partners Research Report Guidance
  • 1.3 Market Segmentation
    • 1.3.1 North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market, by Product Type
    • 1.3.2 North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market, by Application
    • 1.3.3 North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market, by Country

2. Key Takeaways

3. Research Methodology

  • 3.1 Scope of the Study
    • 3.1.1 North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market, by Product Type, and Application
  • 3.2 Research Methodology
    • 3.2.1 Data Collection:
    • 3.2.2 Primary Interviews:
    • 3.2.3 Hypothesis formulation:
    • 3.2.4 Macro-economic factor analysis:
    • 3.2.5 Developing base number:
    • 3.2.6 Data Triangulation:
    • 3.2.7 Country level data:

4. North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market Landscape

  • 4.1 Market Overview
  • 4.2 Porter's Five Forces Analysis
    • 4.2.1 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
    • 4.2.2 Bargaining Power of Buyers:
    • 4.2.3 Threat of New Entrants
    • 4.2.4 Competitive Rivalry
    • 4.2.5 Threat of Substitutes
  • 4.3 Ecosystem Analysis
    • 4.3.1 Overview:
    • 4.3.2 Raw Material Suppliers:
    • 4.3.3 Manufacturers
    • 4.3.4 Distributors
    • 4.3.5 End-User
  • 4.4 Expert Opinion

5. North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market - Key Market Dynamics

  • 5.1 Market Drivers
    • 5.1.1 Rising Adoption of Encapsulated Fragrances from Various Applications
    • 5.1.2 Strategic Initiatives by Key Market Players
  • 5.2 Market Restraints
    • 5.2.1 High Costs Associated with Encapsulation Technology
  • 5.3 Market Opportunities
    • 5.3.1 Rising Innovations in Encapsulation Technology
  • 5.4 Future Trends
    • 5.4.1 Increasing Demand for Natural Fragrances
  • 5.5 Impact Analysis

6. Encapsulated Fragrances - North America Market Analysis

  • 6.1 North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market Overview
  • 6.2 North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market -Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
  • 6.3 North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market -Volume and Forecast to 2028 (Kilotons)

7. North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market Analysis - By Product Type

  • 7.1 Overview
  • 7.2 North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market, By Product Type (2022 and 2028)
  • 7.3 Fragrance Blends
    • 7.3.1 Overview
    • 7.3.2 Fragrance Blends: North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
    • 7.3.3 Fragrance Blends: North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market -Volume and Forecast to 2028 (Kilotons)
  • 7.4 Aroma Chemicals
    • 7.4.1 Overview
    • 7.4.2 Aroma Chemicals: North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
    • 7.4.3 Aroma Chemicals: North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market -Volume and Forecast to 2028 (Kilotons)
  • 7.5 Others
    • 7.5.1 Overview
    • 7.5.2 Others: North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
    • 7.5.3 Others: North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market -Volume and Forecast to 2028 (Kilotons)

8. North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market Analysis - By Application

  • 8.1 Overview
  • 8.2 North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market, By Application (2022 and 2028)
  • 8.3 Perfumes and Fragrances
    • 8.3.1 Overview
    • 8.3.2 Perfumes and Fragrances: North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
  • 8.4 Cleaning Products
    • 8.4.1 Overview
    • 8.4.2 Cleaning Products: North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
  • 8.5 Cosmetics
    • 8.5.1 Overview
    • 8.5.2 Cosmetics: North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
  • 8.6 Personal Hygiene Products
    • 8.6.1 Overview
    • 8.6.2 Personal Hygiene Products: North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
  • 8.7 Food and Beverages
    • 8.7.1 Overview
    • 8.7.2 Food and Beverages: North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
  • 8.8 Others
    • 8.8.1 Overview
    • 8.8.2 Others: North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)

9. North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market - Country Analysis

  • 9.1 Overview
    • 9.1.1 North America: Encapsulated Fragrances Market, by Key Country
      • 9.1.1.1 US: Encapsulated Fragrances Market -Analysis and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
        • 9.1.1.1.1 US: Global Encapsulated Fragrances Market, by Product Type
        • 9.1.1.1.2 US: Global Encapsulated Fragrances Market, by Application
      • 9.1.1.2 Canada: Global Encapsulated Fragrances Market -Analysis and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
        • 9.1.1.2.1 Canada: Global Encapsulated Fragrances Market, by Product Type
        • 9.1.1.2.2 Canada: Global Encapsulated Fragrances Market, by Application
      • 9.1.1.3 Mexico: Global Encapsulated Fragrances Market -Analysis and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
        • 9.1.1.3.1 Mexico: Global Encapsulated Fragrances Market, by Product Type
        • 9.1.1.3.2 Mexico: Global Encapsulated Fragrances Market, by Application

10. Industry Landscape

  • 10.1 Overview
  • 10.2 Expansion
  • 10.3 New Product Development
  • 10.4 Merger and Acquisition

11. Company Profiles

  • 11.1 Firmenich SA
    • 11.1.1 Key Facts
    • 11.1.2 Business Description
    • 11.1.3 Products and Services
    • 11.1.4 Financial Overview
    • 11.1.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 11.1.6 Key Developments
  • 11.2 Givaudan SA
    • 11.2.1 Key Facts
    • 11.2.2 Business Description
    • 11.2.3 Products and Services
    • 11.2.4 Financial Overview
    • 11.2.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 11.2.6 Key Developments
  • 11.3 Ingredion Inc
    • 11.3.1 Key Facts
    • 11.3.2 Business Description
    • 11.3.3 Products and Services
    • 11.3.4 Financial Overview
    • 11.3.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 11.3.6 Key Developments
  • 11.4 International Flavors & Fragrances Inc
    • 11.4.1 Key Facts
    • 11.4.2 Business Description
    • 11.4.3 Products and Services
    • 11.4.4 Financial Overview
    • 11.4.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 11.4.6 Key Developments
  • 11.5 Symrise AG
    • 11.5.1 Key Facts
    • 11.5.2 Business Description
    • 11.5.3 Products and Services
    • 11.5.4 Financial Overview
    • 11.5.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 11.5.6 Key Developments
  • 11.6 Glatt GmbH
    • 11.6.1 Key Facts
    • 11.6.2 Business Description
    • 11.6.3 Products and Services
    • 11.6.4 Financial Overview
    • 11.6.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 11.6.6 Key Developments
  • 11.7 Follmann GmbH & Co KG
    • 11.7.1 Key Facts
    • 11.7.2 Business Description
    • 11.7.3 Products and Services
    • 11.7.4 Financial Overview
    • 11.7.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 11.7.6 Key Developments
  • 11.8 Ashland Inc
    • 11.8.1 Key Facts
    • 11.8.2 Business Description
    • 11.8.3 Products and Services
    • 11.8.4 Financial Overview
    • 11.8.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 11.8.6 Key Developments

12. Appendix

  • 12.1 About The Insight Partners
  • 12.2 Glossary of Terms

List Of Tables

  • Table 1. North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market -Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
  • Table 2. North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market -Volume and Forecast to 2028 (Kilotons)
  • Table 3. US Global Encapsulated Fragrances Market, by Product Type - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
  • Table 4. US Global Encapsulated Fragrances Market, by Product Type - Volume and Forecast to 2028 (Kilotons)
  • Table 5. US Global Encapsulated Fragrances Market, by Application- Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
  • Table 6. Canada Global Encapsulated Fragrances Market, by Product Type - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
  • Table 7. Canada Global Encapsulated Fragrances Market, by Product Type - Volume and Forecast to 2028 (Kilotons)
  • Table 8. Canada Global Encapsulated Fragrances Market, by Application- Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
  • Table 9. Mexico Global Encapsulated Fragrances Market, by Product Type - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
  • Table 10. Mexico Global Encapsulated Fragrances Market, by Product Type - Volume and Forecast to 2028 (Kilotons)
  • Table 11. Mexico Global Encapsulated Fragrances Market, by Application- Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
  • Table 12. Glossary of Terms, North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market

List Of Figures

  • Figure 1. North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market Segmentation
  • Figure 2. North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market Segmentation - By Country
  • Figure 3. North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market Overview
  • Figure 4. North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market, By Product Type
  • Figure 5. North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market, by Country
  • Figure 6. Porter's Five Forces Analysis of North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market
  • Figure 7. North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market, Ecosystem
  • Figure 8. Expert Opinion
  • Figure 9. North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market Impact Analysis of Drivers and Restraints
  • Figure 10. North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
  • Figure 11. North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market -Volume and Forecast to 2028 (Kilotons)
  • Figure 12. North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market Revenue Share, By Product Type (2022 and 2028)
  • Figure 13. Fragrance Blends: North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market - Revenue and Forecast To 2028 (US$ Mn)
  • Figure 14. Fragrance Blends: North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market -Volume and Forecast To 2028 (Kilotons)
  • Figure 15. Aroma Chemicals: North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market - Revenue and Forecast To 2028 (US$ Mn)
  • Figure 16. Aroma Chemicals: North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market -Volume and Forecast To 2028 (Kilotons)
  • Figure 17. Others: North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market - Revenue and Forecast To 2028 (US$ Mn)
  • Figure 18. Others: North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market -Volume and Forecast To 2028 (Kilotons)
  • Figure 19. North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market Revenue Share, By Application (2022 and 2028)
  • Figure 20. Perfumes and Fragrances: North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market - Revenue and Forecast To 2028 (US$ Mn)
  • Figure 21. Cleaning Products: North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market - Revenue and Forecast To 2028 (US$ Mn)
  • Figure 22. Cosmetics: North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market - Revenue and Forecast To 2028 (US$ Mn)
  • Figure 23. Personal Hygiene Products: North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market - Revenue and Forecast To 2028 (US$ Mn)
  • Figure 24. Food and Beverages: North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market - Revenue and Forecast To 2028 (US$ Mn)
  • Figure 25. Others: North America Encapsulated Fragrances Market - Revenue and Forecast To 2028 (US$ Mn)
  • Figure 26. North America: Encapsulated Fragrances Market, by Key Country - Revenue (2022) (US$ Million)
  • Figure 27. North America: Encapsulated Fragrances Market Revenue Share, by Key Country (2022 and 2028)
  • Figure 28. US: Global Encapsulated Fragrances Market -Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 29. US: Global Encapsulated Fragrances Market -Volume and Forecast to 2028 (Kilotons)
  • Figure 30. Canada: Global Encapsulated Fragrances Market -Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 31. Canada: Encapsulated Fragrances Market -Volume and Forecast to 2028 (Kilotons)
  • Figure 32. Mexico: Global Encapsulated Fragrances Market -Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 33. Mexico: Global Encapsulated Fragrances Market -Volume and Forecast to 2028 (Kilotons)