Product Code: PMRREP2888
Membrane Separation Market - Scope of Report
Persistence Market Research recently published a new report on the membrane separation market for the assessment period of 2023-2033. The report offers a close look at the evolving aspects of the market, and insights into the dynamics impacting market growth. It also focuses on key developments in the market, especially due to the COVID-19 pandemic situation that has affected people, globally. The report includes various macro- and micro-economic factors responsible for a significant impact on market growth.
The report on the membrane separation market extensively focuses on the key trends shaping its growth. Additionally, the included opportunity analysis underlines untapped corners for aspiring players. The report also offers a holistic view of the incremental opportunity, which can further help readers make effective decisions for the growth of their businesses.
All stakeholders in the membrane separation market can rely on the data offered in this report to make critical decisions. Moreover, the information offered in this report also can help new market entrants expand their bases in this space.
The report elaborates on both, historical and current trends shaping the membrane separation market. The performance journey of the market has been drawn and analyzed to make the lucrative opportunities in the market evident to readers. The competitive landscape presented in the report gives a detailed outlook of the profiles of key companies operating in the membrane separation market, along with their differential strategies and key focus areas.
Segmentation
The research study offers a detailed market taxonomy, wherein, key segments have been discussed in detail. The market is segmented based on process, end use, material, application and region. Every segment is analyzed in detail, and data pertaining to the growth of each segment has been included in the study.
By Process
Reverse osmosis
Ultrafiltration
Nano filtration
Microfiltration
By End Use
Water and wastewater treatment
Industrial
Healthcare
Others
By Material
Polymeric Membranes
Natural Polymers
Synthetic Polymers
Inorganic Membranes
Metallic
Ceramic
Others
By Application
Gas Separation
Liquid Separation
Solid Separation
By Region
North America
Latin America
Europe
East Asia
South Asia
Oceania
Middle East & Africa (MEA)
The research report includes a competitive landscape that provides a dashboard view of the key competitors operating in the market. Some of the market players included in this section are GEA Filtration, Koch Membrane Systems, Evoqua Water Technologies, Veolia Environnement, Pall Corporation., Merck Millipore., Degremont SA., Dow Chemical Comp., HUBER SE, 3M Company, Pentair plc, Via Separations, Toray Industries, Inc, Microdyn Nadir, Parker-Hannifin Corporation, among others.
Key Questions Answered in Report:
The research study on the membrane separation market offers inclusive insights about the growth of the market in the most comprehensive manner. Key insights offered in the report answer some of the most salient questions that assist stakeholders in gauging all the emerging possibilities.
How will water reuse and wastewater treatment affect the market?
How will industrial expansion boost the membrane separation market?
How the innovations in the product boosting the membrane separation sales worldwide?
How is the sales channel vital in driving demand for membrane separation?
Research Methodology
A unique and promising research methodology forms the base of the market report for the forecast period. This report has been prepared after comprehensive analysis of market events, and riveting insights have been compiled meticulously.
The research methodology is a two-step process comprising primary and secondary research. Key stakeholders, including suppliers, service providers, and experts of several designations, including executive vice presidents, directors, technical advisors, GM marketing professionals, and sales professionals have been interviewed. Secondary sources referred to obtain information include investor presentations of manufacturers, World Bank, IMF, and other credible sources.
Table of Contents
1. Executive Summary
- 1.1. Global Market Overview
- 1.2. Summary of Key Statistics
- 1.3. Summary of Key Findings
- 1.4. Product Evolution Analysis
- 1.5. PMR Analysis and Recommendations
2. Market Overview
- 2.1. Market Coverage/Taxonomy
- 2.2. Market Definition/Scope/Limitations
3. Key Market Trends
- 3.1. Key Trends Impacting the Market
- 3.2. Future Prospects of Membrane Separation Industry
- 3.2.1. Factors Fuelling Growth
- 3.2.2. Influx of Brands
- 3.2.3. Innovative Distribution & Marketing Strategies
4. Global Membrane Separation Market Demand Analysis 2017-2022 and Forecast, 2023-2033
- 4.1. Historical Market Volume (Units) Analysis, 2017-2022
- 4.2. Current and Future Market Volume (Units) Projections, 2023-2033
- 4.3. Y-o-Y Growth Trend Analysis
5. Global Membrane Separation Market - Pricing Analysis
- 5.1. Pricing Analysis By Process
- 5.2. Global Average Pricing Analysis Benchmark
6. Global Membrane Separation Market Demand (in Value or Application in US$ Mn) Analysis 2017-2022 and Forecast, 2023-2033
- 6.1. Historical Market Value (US$ Mn) Analysis, 2017-2022
- 6.2. Current and Future Market Value (US$ Mn) Projections, 2023-2033
- 6.2.1. Y-o-Y Growth Trend Analysis
- 6.2.2. Absolute $ Opportunity Analysis
7. Market Background
- 7.1. Global Membrane Separation industry Outlook
- 7.1.1. Perception of Membrane Separations
- 7.1.2. Prevalence of Membrane Separations among Adults
- 7.1.3. Top 10 Membrane Separation Companies in the World
- 7.2. Macro-Economic Factors
- 7.2.1. GDP Growth Outlook
- 7.2.2. Consumer Spending Outlook
- 7.2.3. GDP Growth Rate Analysis
- 7.2.4. Internet Penetration Rate Outlook
- 7.2.5. Income Group Population Overview
- 7.2.6. Per Capita Disposable Income
- 7.3. Forecast Factors - Relevance & Impact
- 7.3.1. Top Companies Historical Growth
- 7.3.2. Increasing number of Students across the world.
- 7.3.3. Urbanization Growth Outlook
- 7.3.4. Others
- 7.4. PESTLE Analysis of Global Membrane Separation Market
- 7.5. Investment Feasibility Matrix of Membrane Separation Market
- 7.6. Porter's Five Forces Analysis of Global Membrane Separation Market
- 7.7. Market Dynamics
- 7.7.1. Drivers
- 7.7.2. Restraints
- 7.7.3. Opportunity Analysis
8. Global Market Analysis 2017-2022 and Forecast 2023-2033, By Process
- 8.1. Introduction / Key Findings
- 8.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Analysis by Process, 2017 - 2022
- 8.3. Current and Future Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Analysis and Forecast by Process, 2023 - 2033
- 8.3.1. Reverse osmosis
- 8.3.2. Ultrafiltration
- 8.3.3. Nano filtration
- 8.3.4. Microfiltration
- 8.4. Market Attractiveness Analysis by Process
9. Global Market Analysis 2017-2022 and Forecast 2023-2033, by End Use
- 9.1. Introduction / Key Findings
- 9.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Analysis by Flavor, 2017 - 2022
- 9.3. Current and Future Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Analysis and Forecast by Flavor, 2023 - 2033
- 9.3.1. Water and wastewater treatment
- 9.3.2. Industrial
- 9.3.3. Healthcare
- 9.3.4. Others
- 9.4. Market Attractiveness Analysis by Flavor
10. Global Market Analysis 2017-2022 and Forecast 2023-2033, by Material
- 10.1. Introduction / Key Findings
- 10.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Analysis by Material, 2017 - 2022
- 10.3. Current and Future Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Analysis and Forecast by Material, 2023 - 2033
- 10.3.1. Polymeric Membranes
- 10.3.1.1. Natural Polymers
- 10.3.1.2. Synthetic Polymers
- 10.3.2. Inorganic Membranes
- 10.3.2.1. Metallic
- 10.3.2.2. Ceramic
- 10.3.2.3. Others
- 10.4. Market Attractiveness Analysis by Material
11. Global Market Analysis 2017-2022 and Forecast 2023-2033, by Application
- 11.1. Introduction / Key Findings
- 11.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Analysis by Application, 2017 - 2022
- 11.3. Current and Future Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Analysis and Forecast by Application, 2023 - 2033
- 11.3.1. Gas Separation
- 11.3.2. Liquid Separation
- 11.3.3. Solid Separation
- 11.4. Market Attractiveness Analysis by Material
12. Global Market Analysis 2017-2022 and Forecast 2023-2033, by Region
- 12.1. Introduction
- 12.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Analysis by Region, 2017 - 2022
- 12.3. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Analysis and Forecast by Region, 2023 - 2033
- 12.3.1. North America
- 12.3.2. Latin America
- 12.3.3. Europe
- 12.3.4. East Asia
- 12.3.5. South Asia
- 12.3.6. Oceania
- 12.3.7. Middle East and Africa (MEA)
- 12.4. Market Attractiveness Analysis by Region
13. North America Membrane Separation Market Analysis 2017-2022 and Forecast 2023-2033
- 13.1. Introduction
- 13.2. Pricing Analysis
- 13.3. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2017 - 2022
- 13.4. Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2023 - 2033
- 13.4.1. By Country
- 13.4.1.1. U.S.
- 13.4.1.2. Canada
- 13.4.2. By Process
- 13.4.3. By End Use
- 13.4.4. By Material
- 13.4.5. By Application
- 13.5. Market Attractiveness Analysis
- 13.5.1. By Country
- 13.5.2. By Process
- 13.5.3. By End Use
- 13.5.4. By Material
- 13.5.5. By Application
14. Latin America Membrane Separation Market Analysis 2017-2022 and Forecast 2023-2033
- 14.1. Introduction
- 14.2. Pricing Analysis
- 14.3. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2017 - 2022
- 14.4. Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2023 - 2033
- 14.4.1. By Country
- 14.4.1.1. Brazil
- 14.4.1.2. Mexico
- 14.4.1.3. Rest of Latin America
- 14.4.2. By Process
- 14.4.3. By End Use
- 14.4.4. By Material
- 14.4.5. By Application
- 14.5. Market Attractiveness Analysis
- 14.5.1. By Country
- 14.5.2. By Process
- 14.5.3. By End Use
- 14.5.4. By Material
- 14.5.5. By Application
15. Europe Membrane Separation Market Analysis 2017-2022 and Forecast 2023-2033
- 15.1. Introduction
- 15.2. Pricing Analysis
- 15.3. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2017 - 2022
- 15.4. Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2023 - 2033
- 15.4.1. By Country
- 15.4.1.1. Germany
- 15.4.1.2. Italy
- 15.4.1.3. France
- 15.4.1.4. U.K.
- 15.4.1.5. Spain
- 15.4.1.6. Rest of Europe
- 15.4.2. By Process
- 15.4.3. By End Use
- 15.4.4. By Material
- 15.4.5. By Application
- 15.5. Market Attractiveness Analysis
- 15.5.1. By Country
- 15.5.2. By Process
- 15.5.3. By End Use
- 15.5.4. By Material
- 15.5.5. By Application
16. South Asia Membrane Separation Market Analysis 2017-2022 and Forecast 2023-2033
- 16.1. Introduction
- 16.2. Pricing Analysis
- 16.3. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2017 - 2022
- 16.4. Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2023 - 2033
- 16.4.1. By Country
- 16.4.1.1. India
- 16.4.1.2. Thailand
- 16.4.1.3. Indonesia
- 16.4.1.4. Malaysia
- 16.4.1.5. Rest of South Asia
- 16.4.2. By Process
- 16.4.3. By End Use
- 16.4.4. By Material
- 16.4.5. By Application
- 16.5. Market Attractiveness Analysis
- 16.5.1. By Country
- 16.5.2. By Process
- 16.5.3. By End Use
- 16.5.4. By Material
- 16.5.5. By Application
17. East Asia Membrane Separation Market Analysis 2017-2022 and Forecast 2023-2033
- 17.1. Introduction
- 17.2. Pricing Analysis
- 17.3. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2017 - 2022
- 17.4. Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2023 - 2033
- 17.4.1. By Country
- 17.4.1.1. China
- 17.4.1.2. Japan
- 17.4.1.3. South Korea
- 17.4.2. By Process
- 17.4.3. By End Use
- 17.4.4. By Material
- 17.4.5. By Application
- 17.5. Market Attractiveness Analysis
- 17.5.1. By Country
- 17.5.2. By Process
- 17.5.3. By End Use
- 17.5.4. By Material
- 17.5.5. By Application
18. Oceania Membrane Separation Market Analysis 2017-2022 and Forecast 2023-2033
- 18.1. Introduction
- 18.2. Pricing Analysis
- 18.3. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2017 - 2022
- 18.4. Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2023 - 2033
- 18.4.1. By Country
- 18.4.1.1. Australia
- 18.4.1.2. New Zealand
- 18.4.2. By Process
- 18.4.3. By End Use
- 18.4.4. By Material
- 18.4.5. By Application
- 18.5. Market Attractiveness Analysis
- 18.5.1. By Country
- 18.5.2. By Process
- 18.5.3. By End Use
- 18.5.4. By Material
- 18.5.5. By Application
19. Middle East and Africa Membrane Separation Market Analysis 2017-2022 and Forecast 2023-2033
- 19.1. Introduction
- 19.2. Pricing Analysis
- 19.3. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2017 - 2022
- 19.4. Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2023 - 2033
- 19.4.1. By Country
- 19.4.1.1. GCC Countries
- 19.4.1.2. Northern Africa
- 19.4.1.3. South Africa
- 19.4.1.4. Rest of Middle East and Africa
- 19.4.2. By Process
- 19.4.3. By End Use
- 19.4.4. By Material
- 19.4.5. By Application
- 19.5. Market Attractiveness Analysis
- 19.5.1. By Country
- 19.5.2. By Process
- 19.5.3. By End Use
- 19.5.4. By Material
- 19.5.5. By Application
20. Key Countries' Membrane Separation Market Analysis 2023-2033
- 20.1. Introduction
- 20.1.1. Market Value Proportion Analysis, By Key Countries
- 20.1.2. Global Vs. Country Growth Comparison
- 20.2. U.S. Membrane Separation Market Analysis
- 20.2.1. By Process
- 20.2.2. By End Use
- 20.2.3. By Material
- 20.2.4. By Application
- 20.3. Canada Membrane Separation Market Analysis
- 20.3.1. By Process
- 20.3.2. By End Use
- 20.3.3. By Material
- 20.3.4. By Application
- 20.4. Mexico Membrane Separation Market Analysis
- 20.4.1. By Process
- 20.4.2. By End Use
- 20.4.3. By Material
- 20.4.4. By Application
- 20.5. Brazil Membrane Separation Market Analysis
- 20.5.1. By Process
- 20.5.2. By End Use
- 20.5.3. By Material
- 20.5.4. By Application
- 20.6. Germany Membrane Separation Market Analysis
- 20.6.1. By Process
- 20.6.2. By End Use
- 20.6.3. By Material
- 20.6.4. By Application
- 20.7. Italy Membrane Separation Market Analysis
- 20.7.1. By Process
- 20.7.2. By End Use
- 20.7.3. By Material
- 20.7.4. By Application
- 20.8. U.K. Membrane Separation Market Analysis
- 20.8.1. By Process
- 20.8.2. By End Use
- 20.8.3. By Material
- 20.8.4. By Application
- 20.9. China Membrane Separation Market Analysis
- 20.9.1. By Process
- 20.9.2. By End Use
- 20.9.3. By Material
- 20.9.4. By Application
- 20.10. Japan Membrane Separation Market Analysis
- 20.10.1. By Process
- 20.10.2. By End Use
- 20.10.3. By Material
- 20.10.4. By Application
- 20.11. S. Korea Membrane Separation Market Analysis
- 20.11.1. By Process
- 20.11.2. By End Use
- 20.11.3. By Material
- 20.11.4. By Application
- 20.12. India Membrane Separation Market Analysis
- 20.12.1. By Process
- 20.12.2. By End Use
- 20.12.3. By Material
- 20.12.4. By Application
- 20.13. Australia and New Zealand Membrane Separation Market Analysis
- 20.13.1. By Process
- 20.13.2. By End Use
- 20.13.3. By Material
- 20.13.4. By Application
- 20.14. South Africa Membrane Separation Market Analysis
- 20.14.1. By Process
- 20.14.2. By End Use
- 20.14.3. By Material
- 20.14.4. By Application
21. Market Structure Analysis
- 21.1. Market Analysis by Tier of Companies (Membrane Separation)
- 21.2. Market Concentration
- 21.3. Market Share Analysis of Top Players
- 21.4. Market Presence Analysis
- 21.4.1. By Regional footprint of Players
- 21.4.2. Product foot print by Players
- 21.4.3. Channel Foot Print by Players
22. Competition Analysis
- 22.1. Competition Dashboard
- 22.2. Pricing Analysis by Competition
- 22.3. Competition Benchmarking
- 22.4. Competition Deep Dive
- 22.4.1. GEA Filtration
- 22.4.1.1. Overview
- 22.4.1.2. Product Portfolio
- 22.4.1.3. Profitability by Market Segments (Product/Channel/Region)
- 22.4.1.4. Sales Footprint
- 22.4.1.5. Strategy Overview
- 22.4.1.5.1. Marketing Strategy
- 22.4.1.5.2. Product Strategy
- 22.4.1.5.3. Channel Strategy
- 22.4.2. Koch Membrane Systems
- 22.4.2.1. Overview
- 22.4.2.2. Product Portfolio
- 22.4.2.3. Profitability by Market Segments (Product/Channel/Region)
- 22.4.2.4. Sales Footprint
- 22.4.2.5. Strategy Overview
- 22.4.2.5.1. Marketing Strategy
- 22.4.2.5.2. Product Strategy
- 22.4.2.5.3. Channel Strategy
- 22.4.3. Evoqua Water Technologies
- 22.4.3.1. Overview
- 22.4.3.2. Product Portfolio
- 22.4.3.3. Profitability by Market Segments (Product/Channel/Region)
- 22.4.3.4. Sales Footprint
- 22.4.3.5. Strategy Overview
- 22.4.3.5.1. Marketing Strategy
- 22.4.3.5.2. Product Strategy
- 22.4.3.5.3. Channel Strategy
- 22.4.4. Veolia Environnement
- 22.4.4.1. Overview
- 22.4.4.2. Product Portfolio
- 22.4.4.3. Profitability by Market Segments (Product/Channel/Region)
- 22.4.4.4. Sales Footprint
- 22.4.4.5. Strategy Overview
- 22.4.4.5.1. Marketing Strategy
- 22.4.4.5.2. Product Strategy
- 22.4.4.5.3. Channel Strategy
- 22.4.5. Pall Corporation.
- 22.4.5.1. Overview
- 22.4.5.2. Product Portfolio
- 22.4.5.3. Profitability by Market Segments (Product/Channel/Region)
- 22.4.5.4. Sales Footprint
- 22.4.5.5. Strategy Overview
- 22.4.5.5.1. Marketing Strategy
- 22.4.5.5.2. Product Strategy
- 22.4.5.5.3. Channel Strategy
- 22.4.6. Merck Millipore.
- 22.4.6.1. Overview
- 22.4.6.2. Product Portfolio
- 22.4.6.3. Profitability by Market Segments (Product/Channel/Region)
- 22.4.6.4. Sales Footprint
- 22.4.6.5. Strategy Overview
- 22.4.6.5.1. Marketing Strategy
- 22.4.6.5.2. Product Strategy
- 22.4.6.5.3. Channel Strategy
- 22.4.7. Degremont SA.
- 22.4.7.1. Overview
- 22.4.7.2. Product Portfolio
- 22.4.7.3. Profitability by Market Segments (Product/Channel/Region)
- 22.4.7.4. Sales Footprint
- 22.4.7.5. Strategy Overview
- 22.4.7.5.1. Marketing Strategy
- 22.4.7.5.2. Product Strategy
- 22.4.7.5.3. Channel Strategy
- 22.4.8. Dow Chemical Comp.
- 22.4.8.1. Overview
- 22.4.8.2. Product Portfolio
- 22.4.8.3. Profitability by Market Segments (Product/Channel/Region)
- 22.4.8.4. Sales Footprint
- 22.4.8.5. Strategy Overview
- 22.4.8.5.1. Marketing Strategy
- 22.4.8.5.2. Product Strategy
- 22.4.8.5.3. Channel Strategy
- 22.4.9. HUBER SE
- 22.4.9.1. Overview
- 22.4.9.2. Product Portfolio
- 22.4.9.3. Profitability by Market Segments (Product/Channel/Region)
- 22.4.9.4. Sales Footprint
- 22.4.9.5. Strategy Overview
- 22.4.9.5.1. Marketing Strategy
- 22.4.9.5.2. Product Strategy
- 22.4.9.5.3. Channel Strategy
- 22.4.10. 3M Company
- 22.4.10.1. Overview
- 22.4.10.2. Product Portfolio
- 22.4.10.3. Profitability by Market Segments (Product/Channel/Region)
- 22.4.10.4. Sales Footprint
- 22.4.10.5. Strategy Overview
- 22.4.10.5.1. Marketing Strategy
- 22.4.10.5.2. Product Strategy
- 22.4.10.5.3. Channel Strategy
- 22.4.11. Pentair plc
- 22.4.11.1. Overview
- 22.4.11.2. Product Portfolio
- 22.4.11.3. Profitability by Market Segments (Product/Channel/Region)
- 22.4.11.4. Sales Footprint
- 22.4.11.5. Strategy Overview
- 22.4.11.5.1. Marketing Strategy
- 22.4.11.5.2. Product Strategy
- 22.4.11.5.3. Channel Strategy
- 22.4.12. Via Separations
- 22.4.12.1. Overview
- 22.4.12.2. Product Portfolio
- 22.4.12.3. Profitability by Market Segments (Product/Channel/Region)
- 22.4.12.4. Sales Footprint
- 22.4.12.5. Strategy Overview
- 22.4.12.5.1. Marketing Strategy
- 22.4.12.5.2. Product Strategy
- 22.4.12.5.3. Channel Strategy
- 22.4.13. Toray Industries, Inc
- 22.4.13.1. Overview
- 22.4.13.2. Product Portfolio
- 22.4.13.3. Profitability by Market Segments (Product/Channel/Region)
- 22.4.13.4. Sales Footprint
- 22.4.13.5. Strategy Overview
- 22.4.13.5.1. Marketing Strategy
- 22.4.13.5.2. Product Strategy
- 22.4.13.5.3. Channel Strategy
- 22.4.14. Microdyn Nadir
- 22.4.14.1. Overview
- 22.4.14.2. Product Portfolio
- 22.4.14.3. Profitability by Market Segments (Product/Channel/Region)
- 22.4.14.4. Sales Footprint
- 22.4.14.5. Strategy Overview
- 22.4.14.5.1. Marketing Strategy
- 22.4.14.5.2. Product Strategy
- 22.4.14.5.3. Channel Strategy
- 22.4.15. Parker-Hannifin Corporation
- 22.4.15.1. Overview
- 22.4.15.2. Product Portfolio
- 22.4.15.3. Profitability by Market Segments (Product/Channel/Region)
- 22.4.15.4. Sales Footprint
- 22.4.15.5. Strategy Overview
- 22.4.15.5.1. Marketing Strategy
- 22.4.15.5.2. Product Strategy
- 22.4.15.5.3. Channel Strategy
- 22.4.16. Others
- 22.4.16.1. Overview
- 22.4.16.2. Product Portfolio
- 22.4.16.3. Profitability by Market Segments (Product/Channel/Region)
- 22.4.16.4. Sales Footprint
- 22.4.16.5. Strategy Overview
- 22.4.16.5.1. Marketing Strategy
- 22.4.16.5.2. Product Strategy
- 22.4.16.5.3. Channel Strategy
23. Assumptions and Acronyms Used
24. Research Methodology