核聚變商業化：仍然存在巨大障礙

世界上一些地區正在努力製定明確的戰略，以大幅減少二氧化碳排放，同時為持續的經濟增長提供充足的能源供應。 世界氣象組織目前預測，到21世紀末，全球氣溫將上升3至5攝氏度。 預測表明，僅靠當前的努力還不足以實現全球變暖 2.0度C 的目標或更雄心勃勃的 1.5度C 的目標。

核聚變是取之不盡,用之不竭的能源，也是一種潛在的解決方案。 儘管世界各地為使這項技術成為現實做出了許多努力，但它在經濟上或商業上尚不可行。 即使前景光明的國際熱核實驗反應堆（ITER）項目取得成功，考慮到反應堆的淨能量增益和平準化電力成本（LCOE），也不能保證該技術在經濟上具有競爭力。 為了使融合具有競爭力，它必須實現電網平價。 這意味著LCOE需要等於或低於電網電價。

本報告分析了核聚變技術實際應用中需要克服的各種問題，最新的產業突破,經過多年的努力仍未實現聚變的原因,需要採取的主要措施（包括對聚變產業的財政支持）通過私人和公共資金）和主要利益相關者 我們將彙編和提供信息，例如重要建議

內容

前言

背景

建議

核聚變：能源轉型領域的興趣日益濃厚

聚變反應：開發了 4 種不同的方法

磁約束法

慣性約束法

磁化靶核聚變

混合融合

數十年研究後的最新突破

儘管做出了努力，聚變在商業上尚不可行

聚變能源：需要迅速採取行動以實現淨零目標

利用公共和私人資金啟動聚變研究與開發

公共資金

儘管具有潛力，聚變能源仍面臨多方面的挑戰

克服技術挑戰：成功融合的關鍵

投資者視角

監管問題可能會緩解以促進融合

核聚變行業：需要對公眾進行核聚變教育

監管機構：需要考慮裂變和聚變設施之間的差異

Some world regions are struggling to develop clear strategies for achieving substantial CO2 emissions reductions while providing energy supplies sufficient for sustained economic growth. The World Meteorological Organization currently predicts that global temperatures will increase by 3° C to 5° C by the end of the 21st century. This projection suggests that current efforts may not be enough to achieve either a 2.0‑degree global climate target, or the more ambitious 1.5-degree goal.

Nuclear fusion offers an inexhaustible supply of energy and could be a solution. Enormous global effort is going into making the technology a reality, but it is still not yet economically feasible and has not been commercialized. Even if the promising International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) project is successful, the technology is not assured of being economically competitive, considering the reactors net energy gain and the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). For nuclear fusion to be competitive, it must reach grid parity, which only happens when its LCOE is equal to or below the price of power on the grid.

This Guidehouse Insights Strategy Insight reviews the significance of nuclear fusion in tackling the growing demand for green energy. It explains the differences between nuclear fission and fusion and looks at various technology approaches, recent breakthroughs in the fusion industry, and its persistent lack of traction, despite decades of effort. The study also examines the industry's financial support from private and public funding, its major challenges, and offers key recommendations for stakeholders.

Table of Contents

Spark

Context

Recommendations

Nuclear Fusion Gains Traction in the Energy Transition

Four Approaches Have Been Developed for Nuclear Fusion Reactions

Magnetic Confinement

Inertial Confinement

Magnetized Target Fusion

Hybrid Fusion

Recent Breakthroughs Came after Decades of Research

Despite Efforts, Nuclear Fusion Is Still Not Yet Commercially Viable

Fusion Energy Must Move Quickly to Aid Net-Zero Goals

Public and Private Funding Vitalized Nuclear Fusion R&D

Public Funding

Despite Its Potential, Fusion Energy Faces Challenges on Multiple Fronts

Overcoming the Technical Challenges Is Key to Nuclear Fusion's Success

Investors' Perspectives

Regulatory Concerns Could Be Loosened to Encourage Nuclear Fusion

The Fusion Industry Must Educate the Public about Nuclear Fusion

Regulators Must Consider the Differences between Fission and Fusion Facilities

List of Tables

Advantages and Disadvantages of Nuclear Fission

List of Figures

Nuclear Fusion

Reactor Energy Gain in Nuclear Fusion