2024-2028年世界鹵化銀市場
市場調查報告書
商品編碼
1459555

2024-2028年世界鹵化銀市場

Global Silver Salt Market 2024-2028

出版日期: | 出版商: TechNavio | 英文 158 Pages | 訂單完成後即時交付

價格

鹵化銀市場預計在 2023-2028 年期間成長 7.2134 億美元,預測期內複合年成長率為 7.91%。

該報告包括對鹵化銀市場的總體分析、市場規模和預測、趨勢、成長動力、挑戰以及涵蓋約 25 家供應商的供應商分析。

它提供了對當前市場狀況、最新趨勢和促進因素以及整體市場環境的最新分析。該市場的推動因素包括電子設備的日益小型化、人工降雨的增加以及催化過程中擴大採用銀鹽。

市場範圍
基準年 2024年
結束年份 2028年
預測期 2024-2028
成長動力 加速度
2024年與前一年同期比較 7.51%
複合年成長率 7.91%
增量 72134萬美元

研究指出,奈米技術的進步將成為未來幾年推動鹵化銀市場成長的關鍵因素之一。此外,日益關注使用銀鹽生產太陽能電池以及增加銀鹽生產的投資和合作夥伴關係也將帶來強勁的市場需求。

目錄

第1章執行摘要

  • 市場概況

第2章 市場狀況

  • 市場生態系統

第3章 市場規模評估

  • 市場定義
  • 細分市場分析
  • 2023 年市場規模
  • 2023-2028年市場展望

第4章 市場規模表現

  • 2018-2022年世界鹵化銀市場
  • 2018-2022年類型細分分析
  • 2018-2022 年按應用分類的細分市場分析
  • 2018-2022 年區域細分分析
  • 2018-2022 年國家細分分析

第5章五力分析

  • 五力摘要
  • 買方議價能力
  • 供應商的議價能力
  • 新進入者的威脅
  • 替代品的威脅
  • 競爭威脅
  • 市場狀況

第6章市場區隔:按類型

  • 細分市場
  • 比較:按類型
  • 碘化銀:2023-2028年市場規模與預測
  • 溴化銀:2023-2028年市場規模與預測
  • 氯化銀:2023-2028年市場規模及預測
  • 氟化銀:2023-2028年市場規模及預測
  • 其他:2023-2028年市場規模與預測
  • 市場機會:按類型

第7章市場區隔:按應用

  • 細分市場
  • 比較:按應用
  • 化學製造:2023-2028 年市場規模及預測
  • 醫療與醫療設備:2023-2028 年市場規模與預測
  • 攝影膠片及相紙:2023-2028年市場規模及預測
  • 其他:2023-2028年市場規模與預測
  • 市場機會:依應用分類

第8章 客戶狀況

  • 客戶狀況概覽

第9章 地區情勢

  • 區域細分
  • 區域比較
  • 亞太地區:2023-2028 年市場規模與預測
  • 北美:2023-2028 年市場規模與預測
  • 歐洲:2023-2028 年市場規模與預測
  • 中東和非洲:2023-2028 年市場規模與預測
  • 南美洲:2023-2028年市場規模與預測
  • 中國:2023-2028年市場規模及預測
  • 美國:2023-2028 年市場規模與預測
  • 日本:2023-2028年市場規模與預測
  • 加拿大:2023-2028 年市場規模與預測
  • 英國:2023-2028 年市場規模與預測
  • 市場機會:按地區

第 10 章 促進因素、挑戰與趨勢

  • 市場促進因素
  • 市場挑戰
  • 促進因素和挑戰的影響
  • 市場趨勢

第11章 供應商情況

  • 概述
  • 供應商情況
  • 混亂的情況
  • 產業風險

第12章供應商分析

  • 交易廠商
  • 供應商市場定位
  • ACS Chemicals
  • ALPHA CHEMIKA
  • American Elements
  • Ames Goldsmith Corp.
  • Celtic Chemicals Ltd.
  • East India Chemicals International
  • INDIAN PLATINUM PVT LTD.
  • Infinium Pharmachem Pvt. Ltd.
  • Innova Corporate India
  • Modison Metals Ltd.
  • Otto Chemie Pvt. Ltd.
  • RXChemicals
  • Sky Chem
  • Texchem Industries
  • Vizag Chemical International

第13章附錄

Product Code: IRTNTR77807

The silver salt market is forecasted to grow by USD 721.34 mn during 2023-2028, accelerating at a CAGR of 7.91% during the forecast period. The report on the silver salt market provides a holistic analysis, market size and forecast, trends, growth drivers, and challenges, as well as vendor analysis covering around 25 vendors.

The report offers an up-to-date analysis regarding the current market scenario, the latest trends and drivers, and the overall market environment. The market is driven by the growing miniaturization of electronics, the rising shift towards cloud seeding for weather modification, and the increasing adoption of silver salt for catalytic processes.

Technavio's silver salt market is segmented as below:

Market Scope
Base Year2024
End Year2028
Series Year2024-2028
Growth MomentumAccelerate
YOY 20247.51%
CAGR7.91%
Incremental Value$721.34mn

By Type

  • Silver iodide
  • Silver bromide
  • Silver chloride
  • Silver fluoride
  • Others

By Application

  • Chemical manufacturing
  • Medical and medical devices
  • Photographic film and paper
  • Others

By Geography

  • APAC
  • North America
  • Europe
  • Middle East and Africa
  • South America

This study identifies the advancements in nanotechnology as one of the prime reasons driving the silver salt market growth during the next few years. Also, increased emphasis on the production of solar cells using silver salts and growing investments and collaborations for silver salt production will lead to sizable demand in the market.

The report on the silver salt market covers the following areas:

  • Silver salt market sizing
  • Silver salt market forecast
  • Silver salt market industry analysis

The robust vendor analysis is designed to help clients improve their market position, and in line with this, this report provides a detailed analysis of several leading silver salt market vendors that include ACS Chemicals, ALPHA CHEMIKA, American Elements, Ames Goldsmith Corp., Celtic Chemicals Ltd., Central Drug House P Ltd., East India Chemicals International, Ennore India Chemical International, Fine Chemicals and Scientific Co., INDIAN PLATINUM PVT LTD., Infinium Pharmachem Pvt. Ltd., Innova Corporate India, Marine Chemicals, Modison Metals Ltd., Otto Chemie Pvt. Ltd., RXChemicals, Sky Chem, Texchem Industries, Vizag Chemical International, and Yogi Dye Chem Industries. Also, the silver salt market analysis report includes information on upcoming trends and challenges that will influence market growth. This is to help companies strategize and leverage all forthcoming growth opportunities.

The study was conducted using an objective combination of primary and secondary information including inputs from key participants in the industry. The report contains a comprehensive market and vendor landscape in addition to an analysis of the key vendors.

The publisher presents a detailed picture of the market by way of study, synthesis, and summation of data from multiple sources through an analysis of key parameters such as profit, pricing, competition, and promotions. It presents various market facets by identifying the key industry influencers. The data presented is comprehensive, reliable, and a result of extensive research - both primary and secondary. The market research reports provide a complete competitive landscape and an in-depth vendor selection methodology and analysis using qualitative and quantitative research to forecast accurate market growth.

Table of Contents

1 Executive Summary

  • 1.1 Market overview

2 Market Landscape

  • 2.1 Market ecosystem

3 Market Sizing

  • 3.1 Market definition
  • 3.2 Market segment analysis
  • 3.3 Market size 2023
  • 3.4 Market outlook: Forecast for 2023-2028

4 Historic Market Size

  • 4.1 Global silver salt market 2018 - 2022
  • 4.2 Type Segment Analysis 2018 - 2022
  • 4.3 Application Segment Analysis 2018 - 2022
  • 4.4 Geography Segment Analysis 2018 - 2022
  • 4.5 Country Segment Analysis 2018 - 2022

5 Five Forces Analysis

  • 5.1 Five forces summary
  • 5.2 Bargaining power of buyers
  • 5.3 Bargaining power of suppliers
  • 5.4 Threat of new entrants
  • 5.5 Threat of substitutes
  • 5.6 Threat of rivalry
  • 5.7 Market condition

6 Market Segmentation by Type

  • 6.1 Market segments
  • 6.2 Comparison by Type
  • 6.3 Silver iodide - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 6.4 Silver bromide - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 6.5 Silver chloride - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 6.6 Silver fluoride - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 6.7 Others - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 6.8 Market opportunity by Type

7 Market Segmentation by Application

  • 7.1 Market segments
  • 7.2 Comparison by Application
  • 7.3 Chemical manufacturing - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 7.4 Medical and medical devices - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 7.5 Photographic film and paper - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 7.6 Others - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 7.7 Market opportunity by Application

8 Customer Landscape

  • 8.1 Customer landscape overview

9 Geographic Landscape

  • 9.1 Geographic segmentation
  • 9.2 Geographic comparison
  • 9.3 APAC - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.4 North America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.5 Europe - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.6 Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.7 South America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.8 China - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.9 US - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.10 Japan - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.11 Canada - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.12 UK - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.13 Market opportunity by geography

10 Drivers, Challenges, and Trends

  • 10.1 Market drivers
  • 10.2 Market challenges
  • 10.3 Impact of drivers and challenges
  • 10.4 Market trends

11 Vendor Landscape

  • 11.1 Overview
  • 11.2 Vendor landscape
  • 11.3 Landscape disruption
  • 11.4 Industry risks

12 Vendor Analysis

  • 12.1 Vendors covered
  • 12.2 Market positioning of vendors
  • 12.3 ACS Chemicals
  • 12.4 ALPHA CHEMIKA
  • 12.5 American Elements
  • 12.6 Ames Goldsmith Corp.
  • 12.7 Celtic Chemicals Ltd.
  • 12.8 East India Chemicals International
  • 12.9 INDIAN PLATINUM PVT LTD.
  • 12.10 Infinium Pharmachem Pvt. Ltd.
  • 12.11 Innova Corporate India
  • 12.12 Modison Metals Ltd.
  • 12.13 Otto Chemie Pvt. Ltd.
  • 12.14 RXChemicals
  • 12.15 Sky Chem
  • 12.16 Texchem Industries
  • 12.17 Vizag Chemical International

13 Appendix

  • 13.1 Scope of the report
  • 13.2 Inclusions and exclusions checklist
  • 13.3 Currency conversion rates for US$
  • 13.4 Research methodology
  • 13.5 List of abbreviations

Exhibits:

  • Exhibits1: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Overview
  • Exhibits2: Executive Summary - Data Table on Market Overview
  • Exhibits3: Executive Summary - Chart on Global Market Characteristics
  • Exhibits4: Executive Summary - Chart on Market by Geography
  • Exhibits5: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by Type
  • Exhibits6: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by Application
  • Exhibits7: Executive Summary - Chart on Incremental Growth
  • Exhibits8: Executive Summary - Data Table on Incremental Growth
  • Exhibits9: Executive Summary - Chart on Vendor Market Positioning
  • Exhibits10: Parent market
  • Exhibits11: Market Characteristics
  • Exhibits12: Offerings of vendors included in the market definition
  • Exhibits13: Market segments
  • Exhibits14: Chart on Global - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits15: Data Table on Global - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits16: Chart on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits17: Data Table on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits18: Historic Market Size - Data Table on global silver salt market 2018 - 2022 ($ million)
  • Exhibits19: Historic Market Size - Type Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ million)
  • Exhibits20: Historic Market Size - Application Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ million)
  • Exhibits21: Historic Market Size - Geography Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ million)
  • Exhibits22: Historic Market Size - Country Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ million)
  • Exhibits23: Five forces analysis - Comparison between 2023 and 2028
  • Exhibits24: Chart on Bargaining power of buyers - Impact of key factors 2023 and 2028
  • Exhibits25: Bargaining power of suppliers - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028
  • Exhibits26: Threat of new entrants - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028
  • Exhibits27: Threat of substitutes - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028
  • Exhibits28: Threat of rivalry - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028
  • Exhibits29: Chart on Market condition - Five forces 2023 and 2028
  • Exhibits30: Chart on Type - Market share 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits31: Data Table on Type - Market share 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits32: Chart on Comparison by Type
  • Exhibits33: Data Table on Comparison by Type
  • Exhibits34: Chart on Silver iodide - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits35: Data Table on Silver iodide - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits36: Chart on Silver iodide - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits37: Data Table on Silver iodide - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits38: Chart on Silver bromide - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits39: Data Table on Silver bromide - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits40: Chart on Silver bromide - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits41: Data Table on Silver bromide - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits42: Chart on Silver chloride - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits43: Data Table on Silver chloride - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits44: Chart on Silver chloride - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits45: Data Table on Silver chloride - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits46: Chart on Silver fluoride - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits47: Data Table on Silver fluoride - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits48: Chart on Silver fluoride - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits49: Data Table on Silver fluoride - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits50: Chart on Others - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits51: Data Table on Others - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits52: Chart on Others - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits53: Data Table on Others - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits54: Market opportunity by Type ($ million)
  • Exhibits55: Data Table on Market opportunity by Type ($ million)
  • Exhibits56: Chart on Application - Market share 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits57: Data Table on Application - Market share 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits58: Chart on Comparison by Application
  • Exhibits59: Data Table on Comparison by Application
  • Exhibits60: Chart on Chemical manufacturing - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits61: Data Table on Chemical manufacturing - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits62: Chart on Chemical manufacturing - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits63: Data Table on Chemical manufacturing - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits64: Chart on Medical and medical devices - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits65: Data Table on Medical and medical devices - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits66: Chart on Medical and medical devices - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits67: Data Table on Medical and medical devices - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits68: Chart on Photographic film and paper - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits69: Data Table on Photographic film and paper - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits70: Chart on Photographic film and paper - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits71: Data Table on Photographic film and paper - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits72: Chart on Others - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits73: Data Table on Others - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits74: Chart on Others - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits75: Data Table on Others - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits76: Market opportunity by Application ($ million)
  • Exhibits77: Data Table on Market opportunity by Application ($ million)
  • Exhibits78: Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria
  • Exhibits79: Chart on Market share by geography 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits80: Data Table on Market share by geography 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits81: Chart on Geographic comparison
  • Exhibits82: Data Table on Geographic comparison
  • Exhibits83: Chart on APAC - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits84: Data Table on APAC - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits85: Chart on APAC - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits86: Data Table on APAC - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits87: Chart on North America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits88: Data Table on North America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits89: Chart on North America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits90: Data Table on North America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits91: Chart on Europe - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits92: Data Table on Europe - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits93: Chart on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits94: Data Table on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits95: Chart on Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits96: Data Table on Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits97: Chart on Middle East and Africa - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits98: Data Table on Middle East and Africa - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits99: Chart on South America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits100: Data Table on South America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits101: Chart on South America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits102: Data Table on South America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits103: Chart on China - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits104: Data Table on China - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits105: Chart on China - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits106: Data Table on China - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits107: Chart on US - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits108: Data Table on US - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits109: Chart on US - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits110: Data Table on US - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits111: Chart on Japan - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits112: Data Table on Japan - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits113: Chart on Japan - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits114: Data Table on Japan - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits115: Chart on Canada - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits116: Data Table on Canada - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits117: Chart on Canada - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits118: Data Table on Canada - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits119: Chart on UK - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits120: Data Table on UK - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Exhibits121: Chart on UK - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits122: Data Table on UK - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits123: Market opportunity by geography ($ million)
  • Exhibits124: Data Tables on Market opportunity by geography ($ million)
  • Exhibits125: Impact of drivers and challenges in 2023 and 2028
  • Exhibits126: Overview on Criticality of inputs and Factors of differentiation
  • Exhibits127: Overview on factors of disruption
  • Exhibits128: Impact of key risks on business
  • Exhibits129: Vendors covered
  • Exhibits130: Matrix on vendor position and classification
  • Exhibits131: ACS Chemicals - Overview
  • Exhibits132: ACS Chemicals - Product / Service
  • Exhibits133: ACS Chemicals - Key offerings
  • Exhibits134: ALPHA CHEMIKA - Overview
  • Exhibits135: ALPHA CHEMIKA - Key offerings
  • Exhibits136: American Elements - Overview
  • Exhibits137: American Elements - Product / Service
  • Exhibits138: American Elements - Key offerings
  • Exhibits139: Ames Goldsmith Corp. - Overview
  • Exhibits140: Ames Goldsmith Corp. - Product / Service
  • Exhibits141: Ames Goldsmith Corp. - Key offerings
  • Exhibits142: Celtic Chemicals Ltd. - Overview
  • Exhibits143: Celtic Chemicals Ltd. - Product / Service
  • Exhibits144: Celtic Chemicals Ltd. - Key offerings
  • Exhibits145: East India Chemicals International - Overview
  • Exhibits146: East India Chemicals International - Product / Service
  • Exhibits147: East India Chemicals International - Key offerings
  • Exhibits148: INDIAN PLATINUM PVT LTD. - Overview
  • Exhibits149: INDIAN PLATINUM PVT LTD. - Product / Service
  • Exhibits150: INDIAN PLATINUM PVT LTD. - Key offerings
  • Exhibits151: Infinium Pharmachem Pvt. Ltd. - Overview
  • Exhibits152: Infinium Pharmachem Pvt. Ltd. - Key offerings
  • Exhibits153: Innova Corporate India - Overview
  • Exhibits154: Innova Corporate India - Product / Service
  • Exhibits155: Innova Corporate India - Key offerings
  • Exhibits156: Modison Metals Ltd. - Overview
  • Exhibits157: Modison Metals Ltd. - Product / Service
  • Exhibits158: Modison Metals Ltd. - Key offerings
  • Exhibits159: Otto Chemie Pvt. Ltd. - Overview
  • Exhibits160: Otto Chemie Pvt. Ltd. - Product / Service
  • Exhibits161: Otto Chemie Pvt. Ltd. - Key offerings
  • Exhibits162: RXChemicals - Overview
  • Exhibits163: RXChemicals - Product / Service
  • Exhibits164: RXChemicals - Key offerings
  • Exhibits165: Sky Chem - Overview
  • Exhibits166: Sky Chem - Product / Service
  • Exhibits167: Sky Chem - Key offerings
  • Exhibits168: Texchem Industries - Overview
  • Exhibits169: Texchem Industries - Product / Service
  • Exhibits170: Texchem Industries - Key offerings
  • Exhibits171: Vizag Chemical International - Overview
  • Exhibits172: Vizag Chemical International - Product / Service
  • Exhibits173: Vizag Chemical International - Key offerings
  • Exhibits174: Inclusions checklist
  • Exhibits175: Exclusions checklist
  • Exhibits176: Currency conversion rates for US$
  • Exhibits177: Research methodology
  • Exhibits178: Validation techniques employed for market sizing
  • Exhibits179: Information sources
  • Exhibits180: List of abbreviations