全球農業機械市場2024-2028
市場調查報告書
商品編碼
1459545

全球農業機械市場2024-2028

Global Agriculture Equipment Market 2024-2028

出版日期: | 出版商: TechNavio | 英文 160 Pages | 訂單完成後即時交付

價格

2023-2028年農業機械市場規模預估為665.3億美元,預測期內複合年成長率為6.05%。

該報告包括對農業機械市場的總體分析、市場規模和預測、趨勢、成長動力、挑戰以及涵蓋約 25 家供應商的供應商分析。

它提供了對當前市場狀況、最新趨勢和促進因素以及整體市場環境的最新分析。由於勞動力短缺、政府補貼促進農業部門發展以及供應商增加推出新農業機械,推動了市場對農業機械的需求增加。

市場範圍
基準年 2024年
結束年份 2028年
預測期 2024-2028
成長動力 加速度
2024年與前一年同期比較 5.02%
複合年成長率 6.05%
增量 665.3億美元

該研究將人工智慧在農業機械的實施視為未來幾年推動農業機械市場成長的關鍵因素之一。此外,精密農業的農業設備部署將增加,市場上營運商之間的併購將增加,導致市場需求旺盛。

目錄

第1章執行摘要

  • 市場概況

第2章 市場狀況

  • 市場生態系統

第3章 市場規模評估

  • 市場定義
  • 細分市場分析
  • 2023 年市場規模
  • 2023-2028年市場展望

第4章 市場規模表現

  • 2018-2022年全球農業機械市場
  • 2018-2022年類型細分分析
  • 2018-2022 年產品類型細分分析
  • 2018-2022 年區域細分分析
  • 2018-2022 年國家細分分析

第5章五力分析

  • 五力摘要
  • 買方議價能力
  • 供應商的議價能力
  • 新進入者的威脅
  • 替代品的威脅
  • 競爭威脅
  • 市場狀況

第6章市場區隔:按類型

  • 細分市場
  • 比較:按類型
  • 曳引機:2023-2028 年市場規模與預測
  • 收割機:2023-2028 年市場規模與預測
  • 種植設備:2023-2028年市場規模及預測
  • 其他:2023-2028年市場規模與預測
  • 市場機會:按類型

第7章市場區隔:依產品類型

  • 細分市場
  • 比較:依產品類型
  • 手冊:2023-2028 年市場規模與預測
  • 汽車:2023-2028 年市場規模與預測
  • 半自動:2023-2028年市場規模與預測
  • 市場機會:依產品類型

第8章 客戶狀況

  • 客戶狀況概覽

第9章 地區情勢

  • 區域細分
  • 區域比較
  • 北美:2023-2028 年市場規模與預測
  • 歐洲:2023-2028 年市場規模與預測
  • 亞太地區:2023-2028 年市場規模與預測
  • 南美洲:2023-2028年市場規模與預測
  • 中東和非洲:2023-2028 年市場規模與預測
  • 美國:2023-2028 年市場規模與預測
  • 中國:2023-2028年市場規模及預測
  • 印度:2023-2028年市場規模與預測
  • 法國:2023-2028年市場規模與預測
  • 英國:2023-2028 年市場規模與預測
  • 市場機會:按地區

第 10 章 促進因素、挑戰與趨勢

  • 市場促進因素
  • 市場挑戰
  • 促進因素和挑戰的影響
  • 市場趨勢

第11章 供應商情況

  • 概述
  • 供應商情況
  • 混亂的情況
  • 產業風險

第12章供應商分析

  • 交易廠商
  • 供應商市場定位
  • AGCO Corp.
  • Alamo Group Inc.
  • Beri Udyog Pvt. Ltd.
  • CLAAS KGaA mBH
  • Deere and Co.
  • EcoRobotix SA
  • ISEKI and Co. Ltd.
  • Kinze Manufacturing Inc.
  • Kovai Classic Industries
  • Kubota Corp.
  • Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd.
  • ROSTA AG
  • Shandong Heavy Industry Group Co. Ltd.
  • Summit Steel and Manufacturing Inc.
  • Trimble Inc.

第13章附錄

Product Code: IRTNTR77819

The agriculture equipment market is forecasted to grow by USD 66.53 bn during 2023-2028, accelerating at a CAGR of 6.05% during the forecast period. The report on the agriculture equipment market provides a holistic analysis, market size and forecast, trends, growth drivers, and challenges, as well as vendor analysis covering around 25 vendors.

The report offers an up-to-date analysis regarding the current market scenario, the latest trends and drivers, and the overall market environment. The market is driven by increasing demand for agricultural equipment due to labor shortage, government subsidies to promote agricultural sector, and increasing launch of new agriculture equipment by vendors.

Technavio's agriculture equipment market is segmented as below:

Market Scope
Base Year2024
End Year2028
Series Year2024-2028
Growth MomentumAccelerate
YOY 20245.02%
CAGR6.05%
Incremental Value$66.53bn

By Type

  • Tractors
  • Harvesters machinery
  • Planting equipment
  • Others

By Product Type

  • Manual
  • Automatic
  • Semi-automatic

By Geography

  • North America
  • Europe
  • APAC
  • South America
  • Middle East and Africa

This study identifies the implementation of ai in agriculture equipment as one of the prime reasons driving the agriculture equipment market growth during the next few years. Also, rising deployment of agricultural equipment for precision farming and increasing m and a among vendors operating in the market will lead to sizable demand in the market.

The report on the agriculture equipment market covers the following areas:

  • Agriculture equipment market sizing
  • Agriculture equipment market forecast
  • Agriculture equipment market industry analysis

The robust vendor analysis is designed to help clients improve their market position, and in line with this, this report provides a detailed analysis of several leading agriculture equipment market vendors that include AGCO Corp., Alamo Group Inc., American Spring and Pressing Works Pvt. Ltd., Beri Udyog Pvt. Ltd., CLAAS KGaA mBH, CNH Industrial NV, Deere and Co., ISEKI and Co. Ltd., Kinze Manufacturing Inc., Kovai Classic Industries, Kubota Corp., Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd., ROSTA AG, Shandong Heavy Industry Group Co. Ltd., Summit Steel and Manufacturing Inc., Tractors and Farm Equipment Ltd., Trimble Inc., Zetor Tractors as, EcoRobotix SA, and Yanmar Holdings Co. Ltd.. Also, the agriculture equipment market analysis report includes information on upcoming trends and challenges that will influence market growth. This is to help companies strategize and leverage all forthcoming growth opportunities.

The study was conducted using an objective combination of primary and secondary information including inputs from key participants in the industry. The report contains a comprehensive market and vendor landscape in addition to an analysis of the key vendors.

The publisher presents a detailed picture of the market by the way of study, synthesis, and summation of data from multiple sources by an analysis of key parameters such as profit, pricing, competition, and promotions. It presents various market facets by identifying the key industry influencers. The data presented is comprehensive, reliable, and a result of extensive research - both primary and secondary. The market research reports provide a complete competitive landscape and an in-depth vendor selection methodology and analysis using qualitative and quantitative research to forecast the accurate market growth.

Table of Contents

1 Executive Summary

  • 1.1 Market overview

2 Market Landscape

  • 2.1 Market ecosystem

3 Market Sizing

  • 3.1 Market definition
  • 3.2 Market segment analysis
  • 3.3 Market size 2023
  • 3.4 Market outlook: Forecast for 2023-2028

4 Historic Market Size

  • 4.1 Global agriculture equipment market 2018 - 2022
  • 4.2 Type Segment Analysis 2018 - 2022
  • 4.3 Product type Segment Analysis 2018 - 2022
  • 4.4 Geography Segment Analysis 2018 - 2022
  • 4.5 Country Segment Analysis 2018 - 2022

5 Five Forces Analysis

  • 5.1 Five forces summary
  • 5.2 Bargaining power of buyers
  • 5.3 Bargaining power of suppliers
  • 5.4 Threat of new entrants
  • 5.5 Threat of substitutes
  • 5.6 Threat of rivalry
  • 5.7 Market condition

6 Market Segmentation by Type

  • 6.1 Market segments
  • 6.2 Comparison by Type
  • 6.3 Tractors - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 6.4 Harvesters machinery - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 6.5 Planting equipment - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 6.6 Others - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 6.7 Market opportunity by Type

7 Market Segmentation by Product Type

  • 7.1 Market segments
  • 7.2 Comparison by Product Type
  • 7.3 Manual - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 7.4 Automatic - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 7.5 Semi-automatic - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 7.6 Market opportunity by Product Type

8 Customer Landscape

  • 8.1 Customer landscape overview

9 Geographic Landscape

  • 9.1 Geographic segmentation
  • 9.2 Geographic comparison
  • 9.3 North America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.4 Europe - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.5 APAC - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.6 South America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.7 Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.8 US - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.9 China - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.10 India - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.11 France - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.12 UK - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.13 Market opportunity by geography

10 Drivers, Challenges, and Trends

  • 10.1 Market drivers
  • 10.2 Market challenges
  • 10.3 Impact of drivers and challenges
  • 10.4 Market trends

11 Vendor Landscape

  • 11.1 Overview
  • 11.2 Vendor landscape
  • 11.3 Landscape disruption
  • 11.4 Industry risks

12 Vendor Analysis

  • 12.1 Vendors covered
  • 12.2 Market positioning of vendors
  • 12.3 AGCO Corp.
  • 12.4 Alamo Group Inc.
  • 12.5 Beri Udyog Pvt. Ltd.
  • 12.6 CLAAS KGaA mBH
  • 12.7 Deere and Co.
  • 12.8 EcoRobotix SA
  • 12.9 ISEKI and Co. Ltd.
  • 12.10 Kinze Manufacturing Inc.
  • 12.11 Kovai Classic Industries
  • 12.12 Kubota Corp.
  • 12.13 Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd.
  • 12.14 ROSTA AG
  • 12.15 Shandong Heavy Industry Group Co. Ltd.
  • 12.16 Summit Steel and Manufacturing Inc.
  • 12.17 Trimble Inc.

13 Appendix

  • 13.1 Scope of the report
  • 13.2 Inclusions and exclusions checklist
  • 13.3 Currency conversion rates for US$
  • 13.4 Research methodology
  • 13.5 List of abbreviations

Exhibits:

  • Exhibits1: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Overview
  • Exhibits2: Executive Summary - Data Table on Market Overview
  • Exhibits3: Executive Summary - Chart on Global Market Characteristics
  • Exhibits4: Executive Summary - Chart on Market by Geography
  • Exhibits5: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by Type
  • Exhibits6: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by Product Type
  • Exhibits7: Executive Summary - Chart on Incremental Growth
  • Exhibits8: Executive Summary - Data Table on Incremental Growth
  • Exhibits9: Executive Summary - Chart on Vendor Market Positioning
  • Exhibits10: Parent market
  • Exhibits11: Market Characteristics
  • Exhibits12: Offerings of vendors included in the market definition
  • Exhibits13: Market segments
  • Exhibits14: Chart on Global - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits15: Data Table on Global - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits16: Chart on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits17: Data Table on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits18: Historic Market Size - Data Table on global agriculture equipment market 2018 - 2022 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits19: Historic Market Size - Type Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits20: Historic Market Size - Product type Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits21: Historic Market Size - Geography Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits22: Historic Market Size - Country Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits23: Five forces analysis - Comparison between 2023 and 2028
  • Exhibits24: Chart on Bargaining power of buyers - Impact of key factors 2023 and 2028
  • Exhibits25: Bargaining power of suppliers - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028
  • Exhibits26: Threat of new entrants - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028
  • Exhibits27: Threat of substitutes - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028
  • Exhibits28: Threat of rivalry - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028
  • Exhibits29: Chart on Market condition - Five forces 2023 and 2028
  • Exhibits30: Chart on Type - Market share 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits31: Data Table on Type - Market share 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits32: Chart on Comparison by Type
  • Exhibits33: Data Table on Comparison by Type
  • Exhibits34: Chart on Tractors - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits35: Data Table on Tractors - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits36: Chart on Tractors - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits37: Data Table on Tractors - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits38: Chart on Harvesters machinery - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits39: Data Table on Harvesters machinery - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits40: Chart on Harvesters machinery - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits41: Data Table on Harvesters machinery - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits42: Chart on Planting equipment - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits43: Data Table on Planting equipment - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits44: Chart on Planting equipment - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits45: Data Table on Planting equipment - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits46: Chart on Others - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits47: Data Table on Others - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits48: Chart on Others - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits49: Data Table on Others - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits50: Market opportunity by Type ($ billion)
  • Exhibits51: Data Table on Market opportunity by Type ($ billion)
  • Exhibits52: Chart on Product Type - Market share 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits53: Data Table on Product Type - Market share 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits54: Chart on Comparison by Product Type
  • Exhibits55: Data Table on Comparison by Product Type
  • Exhibits56: Chart on Manual - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits57: Data Table on Manual - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits58: Chart on Manual - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits59: Data Table on Manual - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits60: Chart on Automatic - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits61: Data Table on Automatic - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits62: Chart on Automatic - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits63: Data Table on Automatic - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits64: Chart on Semi-automatic - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits65: Data Table on Semi-automatic - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits66: Chart on Semi-automatic - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits67: Data Table on Semi-automatic - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits68: Market opportunity by Product Type ($ billion)
  • Exhibits69: Data Table on Market opportunity by Product Type ($ billion)
  • Exhibits70: Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria
  • Exhibits71: Chart on Market share by geography 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits72: Data Table on Market share by geography 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits73: Chart on Geographic comparison
  • Exhibits74: Data Table on Geographic comparison
  • Exhibits75: Chart on North America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits76: Data Table on North America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits77: Chart on North America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits78: Data Table on North America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits79: Chart on Europe - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits80: Data Table on Europe - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits81: Chart on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits82: Data Table on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits83: Chart on APAC - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits84: Data Table on APAC - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits85: Chart on APAC - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits86: Data Table on APAC - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits87: Chart on South America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits88: Data Table on South America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits89: Chart on South America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits90: Data Table on South America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits91: Chart on Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits92: Data Table on Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits93: Chart on Middle East and Africa - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits94: Data Table on Middle East and Africa - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits95: Chart on US - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits96: Data Table on US - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits97: Chart on US - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits98: Data Table on US - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits99: Chart on China - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits100: Data Table on China - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits101: Chart on China - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits102: Data Table on China - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits103: Chart on India - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits104: Data Table on India - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits105: Chart on India - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits106: Data Table on India - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits107: Chart on France - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits108: Data Table on France - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits109: Chart on France - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits110: Data Table on France - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits111: Chart on UK - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits112: Data Table on UK - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits113: Chart on UK - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits114: Data Table on UK - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits115: Market opportunity by geography ($ billion)
  • Exhibits116: Data Tables on Market opportunity by geography ($ billion)
  • Exhibits117: Impact of drivers and challenges in 2023 and 2028
  • Exhibits118: Overview on Criticality of inputs and Factors of differentiation
  • Exhibits119: Overview on factors of disruption
  • Exhibits120: Impact of key risks on business
  • Exhibits121: Vendors covered
  • Exhibits122: Matrix on vendor position and classification
  • Exhibits123: AGCO Corp. - Overview
  • Exhibits124: AGCO Corp. - Business segments
  • Exhibits125: AGCO Corp. - Key news
  • Exhibits126: AGCO Corp. - Key offerings
  • Exhibits127: AGCO Corp. - Segment focus
  • Exhibits128: Alamo Group Inc. - Overview
  • Exhibits129: Alamo Group Inc. - Business segments
  • Exhibits130: Alamo Group Inc. - Key news
  • Exhibits131: Alamo Group Inc. - Key offerings
  • Exhibits132: Alamo Group Inc. - Segment focus
  • Exhibits133: Beri Udyog Pvt. Ltd. - Overview
  • Exhibits134: Beri Udyog Pvt. Ltd. - Product / Service
  • Exhibits135: Beri Udyog Pvt. Ltd. - Key offerings
  • Exhibits136: CLAAS KGaA mBH - Overview
  • Exhibits137: CLAAS KGaA mBH - Product / Service
  • Exhibits138: CLAAS KGaA mBH - Key offerings
  • Exhibits139: Deere and Co. - Overview
  • Exhibits140: Deere and Co. - Business segments
  • Exhibits141: Deere and Co. - Key offerings
  • Exhibits142: Deere and Co. - Segment focus
  • Exhibits143: EcoRobotix SA - Overview
  • Exhibits144: EcoRobotix SA - Product / Service
  • Exhibits145: EcoRobotix SA - Key offerings
  • Exhibits146: ISEKI and Co. Ltd. - Overview
  • Exhibits147: ISEKI and Co. Ltd. - Product / Service
  • Exhibits148: ISEKI and Co. Ltd. - Key offerings
  • Exhibits149: Kinze Manufacturing Inc. - Overview
  • Exhibits150: Kinze Manufacturing Inc. - Product / Service
  • Exhibits151: Kinze Manufacturing Inc. - Key offerings
  • Exhibits152: Kovai Classic Industries - Overview
  • Exhibits153: Kovai Classic Industries - Product / Service
  • Exhibits154: Kovai Classic Industries - Key offerings
  • Exhibits155: Kubota Corp. - Overview
  • Exhibits156: Kubota Corp. - Business segments
  • Exhibits157: Kubota Corp. - Key news
  • Exhibits158: Kubota Corp. - Key offerings
  • Exhibits159: Kubota Corp. - Segment focus
  • Exhibits160: Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. - Overview
  • Exhibits161: Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. - Business segments
  • Exhibits162: Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. - Key news
  • Exhibits163: Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. - Key offerings
  • Exhibits164: Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. - Segment focus
  • Exhibits165: ROSTA AG - Overview
  • Exhibits166: ROSTA AG - Product / Service
  • Exhibits167: ROSTA AG - Key offerings
  • Exhibits168: Shandong Heavy Industry Group Co. Ltd. - Overview
  • Exhibits169: Shandong Heavy Industry Group Co. Ltd. - Product / Service
  • Exhibits170: Shandong Heavy Industry Group Co. Ltd. - Key offerings
  • Exhibits171: Summit Steel and Manufacturing Inc. - Overview
  • Exhibits172: Summit Steel and Manufacturing Inc. - Product / Service
  • Exhibits173: Summit Steel and Manufacturing Inc. - Key offerings
  • Exhibits174: Trimble Inc. - Overview
  • Exhibits175: Trimble Inc. - Business segments
  • Exhibits176: Trimble Inc. - Key offerings
  • Exhibits177: Trimble Inc. - Segment focus
  • Exhibits178: Inclusions checklist
  • Exhibits179: Exclusions checklist
  • Exhibits180: Currency conversion rates for US$
  • Exhibits181: Research methodology
  • Exhibits182: Validation techniques employed for market sizing
  • Exhibits183: Information sources
  • Exhibits184: List of abbreviations