2024-2028 年嵌入式系統放大器全球市場
市場調查報告書
商品編碼
1450111

2024-2028 年嵌入式系統放大器全球市場

Global Embedded Systems Power Amplifier Market 2024-2028

出版日期: | 出版商: TechNavio | 英文 160 Pages | 訂單完成後即時交付

價格

2023-2028年,嵌入式系統放大器市場規模預估為20.6億美元,預測期內複合年成長率為6.55%。

該報告包括對嵌入式系統放大器市場的總體分析、市場規模和預測、趨勢、成長促進因素、挑戰以及涵蓋約 25 家供應商的供應商分析。

它提供了對當前市場狀況、最新趨勢和促進因素以及整體市場環境的最新分析。該市場的推動因素包括物聯網採用率的不斷提高、5G 網路的全球部署以及工業自動化和智慧製造的不斷上升趨勢。

市場範圍
基準年 2024年
結束年份 2028年
預測期 2024-2028
成長動力 加速度
2024年與前一年同期比較 5.85%
複合年成長率 6.55%
增量 20.6億美元

研究指出,放大器中擴大採用 GaN 技術是推動未來幾年嵌入式系統放大器市場成長的關鍵因素之一。此外,更小、更緊湊的嵌入式系統的趨勢以及軟體定義系統的成長趨勢也將帶來巨大的市場需求。

目錄

第1章執行摘要

  • 市場概況

第2章 市場形勢

  • 市場生態系統

第3章 市場規模

  • 市場定義
  • 細分市場分析
  • 2023 年市場規模
  • 2023-2028年市場展望

第4章 市場規模表現

  • 2018-2022年嵌入式系統放大器全球市場
  • 2018-2022 年按應用分類的細分市場分析
  • 2018-2022年技術細分市場分析
  • 2018-2022 年區域細分分析
  • 2018-2022 年國家細分分析

第5章五力分析

  • 五力摘要
  • 買方議價能力
  • 供應商的議價能力
  • 新進入者的威脅
  • 替代品的威脅
  • 競爭威脅
  • 市場狀況

第6章市場區隔:按應用

  • 細分市場
  • 比較:按應用
  • 家電:2023-2028年市場規模及預測
  • 無線通訊:2023-2028 年市場規模與預測
  • 工業:2023-2028 年市場規模與預測
  • 市場機會:依應用分類

第7章市場區隔:依技術

  • 細分市場
  • 比較:按技術
  • CMOS:2023-2028 年市場規模與預測
  • GaAs/GaN/SiGe:2023-2028 年市場規模與預測
  • 市場機會:依技術分類

第8章 客戶形勢

  • 客戶形勢概覽

第9章 地區形勢

  • 區域細分
  • 區域比較
  • 亞太地區:2023-2028 年市場規模與預測
  • 北美:2023-2028 年市場規模與預測
  • 歐洲:2023-2028 年市場規模與預測
  • 南美洲:2023-2028年市場規模與預測
  • 中東和非洲:2023-2028 年市場規模與預測
  • 中國:2023-2028年市場規模及預測
  • 美國:2023-2028 年市場規模與預測
  • 日本:2023-2028年市場規模與預測
  • 韓國:2023-2028年市場規模及預測
  • 德國:2023-2028 年市場規模與預測
  • 市場機會:依地區形勢

第 10 章 促進因素、挑戰與趨勢

  • 市場促進因素
  • 市場挑戰
  • 促進因素和挑戰的影響
  • 市場趨勢

第11章 供應商形勢

  • 概述
  • 供應商形勢
  • 混亂的情況
  • 產業風險

第12章供應商分析

  • 交易廠商
  • 供應商市場定位
  • Analog Devices Inc.
  • Broadcom Inc.
  • Infineon Technologies AG
  • Microchip Technology Inc.
  • NXP Semiconductors NV
  • ON Semiconductor Corp.
  • Qorvo Inc.
  • Renesas Electronics Corp.
  • RFHIC Corp.
  • ROHM Co. Ltd.
  • Silicon Laboratories Inc.
  • Skyworks Solutions Inc.
  • STMicroelectronics International NV
  • TE Connectivity Ltd.
  • Texas Instruments Inc.

第13章附錄

Product Code: IRTNTR77588

The embedded systems power amplifier market is forecasted to grow by USD 2.06 bn during 2023-2028, accelerating at a CAGR of 6.55% during the forecast period. The report on the embedded systems power amplifier market provides a holistic analysis, market size and forecast, trends, growth drivers, and challenges, as well as vendor analysis covering around 25 vendors.

The report offers an up-to-date analysis regarding the current market scenario, the latest trends and drivers, and the overall market environment. The market is driven by increasing adoption of IoT, global rollout of 5G networks, and growing trend of industrial automation and smart manufacturing.

Technavio's embedded systems power amplifier market is segmented as below:

Market Scope
Base Year2024
End Year2028
Series Year2024-2028
Growth MomentumAccelerate
YOY 20245.85%
CAGR6.55%
Incremental Value$2.06bn

By Application

  • Consumer electronics
  • Wireless communication
  • Industrial

By Technology

  • CMOS
  • GaAs/GaN/SiGe

By Geographical Landscape

  • APAC
  • North America
  • Europe
  • South America
  • Middle East and Africa

This study identifies the increasing adoption of GaN technology in power amplifiers as one of the prime reasons driving the embedded systems power amplifier market growth during the next few years. Also, trend towards smaller and more compact embedded systems and increasing inclination towards software-defined systems will lead to sizable demand in the market.

The report on the embedded systems power amplifier market covers the following areas:

  • Embedded systems power amplifier market sizing
  • Embedded systems power amplifier market forecast
  • Embedded systems power amplifier market industry analysis

The robust vendor analysis is designed to help clients improve their market position, and in line with this, this report provides a detailed analysis of several leading embedded systems power amplifier market vendors that include Amcom Communications Inc., Analog Devices Inc., Broadcom Inc., Ciao Wireless Inc., Infineon Technologies AG, Microchip Technology Inc., NuWaves RF Solutions, NXP Semiconductors NV, ON Semiconductor Corp., Qorvo Inc., RFHIC Corp., ROHM Co. Ltd., Silicon Laboratories Inc., Skyworks Solutions Inc., STMicroelectronics International NV, TE Connectivity Ltd., Renesas Electronics Corp., and Texas Instruments Inc.. Also, the embedded systems power amplifier market analysis report includes information on upcoming trends and challenges that will influence market growth. This is to help companies strategize and leverage all forthcoming growth opportunities.

The study was conducted using an objective combination of primary and secondary information including inputs from key participants in the industry. The report contains a comprehensive market and vendor landscape in addition to an analysis of the key vendors.

The publisher presents a detailed picture of the market by the way of study, synthesis, and summation of data from multiple sources by an analysis of key parameters such as profit, pricing, competition, and promotions. It presents various market facets by identifying the key industry influencers. The data presented is comprehensive, reliable, and a result of extensive research - both primary and secondary. The market research reports provide a complete competitive landscape and an in-depth vendor selection methodology and analysis using qualitative and quantitative research to forecast the accurate market growth.

Table of Contents

1 Executive Summary

  • 1.1 Market overview

2 Market Landscape

  • 2.1 Market ecosystem

3 Market Sizing

  • 3.1 Market definition
  • 3.2 Market segment analysis
  • 3.3 Market size 2023
  • 3.4 Market outlook: Forecast for 2023-2028

4 Historic Market Size

  • 4.1 Global embedded systems power amplifier market 2018 - 2022
  • 4.2 Application Segment Analysis 2018 - 2022
  • 4.3 Technology Segment Analysis 2018 - 2022
  • 4.4 Geography Segment Analysis 2018 - 2022
  • 4.5 Country Segment Analysis 2018 - 2022

5 Five Forces Analysis

  • 5.1 Five forces summary
  • 5.2 Bargaining power of buyers
  • 5.3 Bargaining power of suppliers
  • 5.4 Threat of new entrants
  • 5.5 Threat of substitutes
  • 5.6 Threat of rivalry
  • 5.7 Market condition

6 Market Segmentation by Application

  • 6.1 Market segments
  • 6.2 Comparison by Application
  • 6.3 Consumer electronics - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 6.4 Wireless communication - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 6.5 Industrial - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 6.6 Market opportunity by Application

7 Market Segmentation by Technology

  • 7.1 Market segments
  • 7.2 Comparison by Technology
  • 7.3 CMOS - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 7.4 GaAs/GaN/SiGe - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 7.5 Market opportunity by Technology

8 Customer Landscape

  • 8.1 Customer landscape overview

9 Geographic Landscape

  • 9.1 Geographic segmentation
  • 9.2 Geographic comparison
  • 9.3 APAC - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.4 North America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.5 Europe - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.6 South America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.7 Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.8 China - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.9 US - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.10 Japan - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.11 South Korea - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.12 Germany - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • 9.13 Market opportunity By Geographical Landscape

10 Drivers, Challenges, and Trends

  • 10.1 Market drivers
  • 10.2 Market challenges
  • 10.3 Impact of drivers and challenges
  • 10.4 Market trends

11 Vendor Landscape

  • 11.1 Overview
  • 11.2 Vendor landscape
  • 11.3 Landscape disruption
  • 11.4 Industry risks

12 Vendor Analysis

  • 12.1 Vendors covered
  • 12.2 Market positioning of vendors
  • 12.3 Analog Devices Inc.
  • 12.4 Broadcom Inc.
  • 12.5 Infineon Technologies AG
  • 12.6 Microchip Technology Inc.
  • 12.7 NXP Semiconductors NV
  • 12.8 ON Semiconductor Corp.
  • 12.9 Qorvo Inc.
  • 12.10 Renesas Electronics Corp.
  • 12.11 RFHIC Corp.
  • 12.12 ROHM Co. Ltd.
  • 12.13 Silicon Laboratories Inc.
  • 12.14 Skyworks Solutions Inc.
  • 12.15 STMicroelectronics International NV
  • 12.16 TE Connectivity Ltd.
  • 12.17 Texas Instruments Inc.

13 Appendix

  • 13.1 Scope of the report
  • 13.2 Inclusions and exclusions checklist
  • 13.3 Currency conversion rates for US$
  • 13.4 Research methodology
  • 13.5 List of abbreviations

Exhibits:

  • Exhibits1: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Overview
  • Exhibits2: Executive Summary - Data Table on Market Overview
  • Exhibits3: Executive Summary - Chart on Global Market Characteristics
  • Exhibits4: Executive Summary - Chart on Market By Geographical Landscape
  • Exhibits5: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by Application
  • Exhibits6: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by Technology
  • Exhibits7: Executive Summary - Chart on Incremental Growth
  • Exhibits8: Executive Summary - Data Table on Incremental Growth
  • Exhibits9: Executive Summary - Chart on Vendor Market Positioning
  • Exhibits10: Parent market
  • Exhibits11: Market Characteristics
  • Exhibits12: Offerings of vendors included in the market definition
  • Exhibits13: Market segments
  • Exhibits14: Chart on Global - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits15: Data Table on Global - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits16: Chart on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits17: Data Table on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits18: Historic Market Size - Data Table on global embedded systems power amplifier market 2018 - 2022 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits19: Historic Market Size - Application Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits20: Historic Market Size - Technology Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits21: Historic Market Size - Geography Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits22: Historic Market Size - Country Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits23: Five forces analysis - Comparison between 2023 and 2028
  • Exhibits24: Chart on Bargaining power of buyers - Impact of key factors 2023 and 2028
  • Exhibits25: Bargaining power of suppliers - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028
  • Exhibits26: Threat of new entrants - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028
  • Exhibits27: Threat of substitutes - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028
  • Exhibits28: Threat of rivalry - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028
  • Exhibits29: Chart on Market condition - Five forces 2023 and 2028
  • Exhibits30: Chart on Application - Market share 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits31: Data Table on Application - Market share 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits32: Chart on Comparison by Application
  • Exhibits33: Data Table on Comparison by Application
  • Exhibits34: Chart on Consumer electronics - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits35: Data Table on Consumer electronics - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits36: Chart on Consumer electronics - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits37: Data Table on Consumer electronics - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits38: Chart on Wireless communication - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits39: Data Table on Wireless communication - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits40: Chart on Wireless communication - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits41: Data Table on Wireless communication - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits42: Chart on Industrial - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits43: Data Table on Industrial - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits44: Chart on Industrial - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits45: Data Table on Industrial - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits46: Market opportunity by Application ($ billion)
  • Exhibits47: Data Table on Market opportunity by Application ($ billion)
  • Exhibits48: Chart on Technology - Market share 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits49: Data Table on Technology - Market share 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits50: Chart on Comparison by Technology
  • Exhibits51: Data Table on Comparison by Technology
  • Exhibits52: Chart on CMOS - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits53: Data Table on CMOS - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits54: Chart on CMOS - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits55: Data Table on CMOS - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits56: Chart on GaAs/GaN/SiGe - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits57: Data Table on GaAs/GaN/SiGe - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits58: Chart on GaAs/GaN/SiGe - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits59: Data Table on GaAs/GaN/SiGe - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits60: Market opportunity by Technology ($ billion)
  • Exhibits61: Data Table on Market opportunity by Technology ($ billion)
  • Exhibits62: Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria
  • Exhibits63: Chart on Market share By Geographical Landscape 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits64: Data Table on Market share By Geographical Landscape 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits65: Chart on Geographic comparison
  • Exhibits66: Data Table on Geographic comparison
  • Exhibits67: Chart on APAC - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits68: Data Table on APAC - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits69: Chart on APAC - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits70: Data Table on APAC - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits71: Chart on North America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits72: Data Table on North America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits73: Chart on North America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits74: Data Table on North America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits75: Chart on Europe - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits76: Data Table on Europe - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits77: Chart on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits78: Data Table on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits79: Chart on South America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits80: Data Table on South America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits81: Chart on South America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits82: Data Table on South America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits83: Chart on Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits84: Data Table on Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits85: Chart on Middle East and Africa - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits86: Data Table on Middle East and Africa - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits87: Chart on China - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits88: Data Table on China - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits89: Chart on China - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits90: Data Table on China - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits91: Chart on US - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits92: Data Table on US - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits93: Chart on US - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits94: Data Table on US - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits95: Chart on Japan - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits96: Data Table on Japan - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits97: Chart on Japan - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits98: Data Table on Japan - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits99: Chart on South Korea - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits100: Data Table on South Korea - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits101: Chart on South Korea - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits102: Data Table on South Korea - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits103: Chart on Germany - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits104: Data Table on Germany - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ billion)
  • Exhibits105: Chart on Germany - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits106: Data Table on Germany - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Exhibits107: Market opportunity By Geographical Landscape ($ billion)
  • Exhibits108: Data Tables on Market opportunity By Geographical Landscape ($ billion)
  • Exhibits109: Impact of drivers and challenges in 2023 and 2028
  • Exhibits110: Overview on Criticality of inputs and Factors of differentiation
  • Exhibits111: Overview on factors of disruption
  • Exhibits112: Impact of key risks on business
  • Exhibits113: Vendors covered
  • Exhibits114: Matrix on vendor position and classification
  • Exhibits115: Analog Devices Inc. - Overview
  • Exhibits116: Analog Devices Inc. - Business segments
  • Exhibits117: Analog Devices Inc. - Key news
  • Exhibits118: Analog Devices Inc. - Key offerings
  • Exhibits119: Analog Devices Inc. - Segment focus
  • Exhibits120: Broadcom Inc. - Overview
  • Exhibits121: Broadcom Inc. - Business segments
  • Exhibits122: Broadcom Inc. - Key news
  • Exhibits123: Broadcom Inc. - Key offerings
  • Exhibits124: Broadcom Inc. - Segment focus
  • Exhibits125: Infineon Technologies AG - Overview
  • Exhibits126: Infineon Technologies AG - Business segments
  • Exhibits127: Infineon Technologies AG - Key news
  • Exhibits128: Infineon Technologies AG - Key offerings
  • Exhibits129: Infineon Technologies AG - Segment focus
  • Exhibits130: Microchip Technology Inc. - Overview
  • Exhibits131: Microchip Technology Inc. - Business segments
  • Exhibits132: Microchip Technology Inc. - Key offerings
  • Exhibits133: Microchip Technology Inc. - Segment focus
  • Exhibits134: NXP Semiconductors NV - Overview
  • Exhibits135: NXP Semiconductors NV - Product / Service
  • Exhibits136: NXP Semiconductors NV - Key news
  • Exhibits137: NXP Semiconductors NV - Key offerings
  • Exhibits138: ON Semiconductor Corp. - Overview
  • Exhibits139: ON Semiconductor Corp. - Business segments
  • Exhibits140: ON Semiconductor Corp. - Key news
  • Exhibits141: ON Semiconductor Corp. - Key offerings
  • Exhibits142: ON Semiconductor Corp. - Segment focus
  • Exhibits143: Qorvo Inc. - Overview
  • Exhibits144: Qorvo Inc. - Business segments
  • Exhibits145: Qorvo Inc. - Key news
  • Exhibits146: Qorvo Inc. - Key offerings
  • Exhibits147: Qorvo Inc. - Segment focus
  • Exhibits148: Renesas Electronics Corp. - Overview
  • Exhibits149: Renesas Electronics Corp. - Business segments
  • Exhibits150: Renesas Electronics Corp. - Key news
  • Exhibits151: Renesas Electronics Corp. - Key offerings
  • Exhibits152: Renesas Electronics Corp. - Segment focus
  • Exhibits153: RFHIC Corp. - Overview
  • Exhibits154: RFHIC Corp. - Product / Service
  • Exhibits155: RFHIC Corp. - Key offerings
  • Exhibits156: ROHM Co. Ltd. - Overview
  • Exhibits157: ROHM Co. Ltd. - Business segments
  • Exhibits158: ROHM Co. Ltd. - Key news
  • Exhibits159: ROHM Co. Ltd. - Key offerings
  • Exhibits160: ROHM Co. Ltd. - Segment focus
  • Exhibits161: Silicon Laboratories Inc. - Overview
  • Exhibits162: Silicon Laboratories Inc. - Product / Service
  • Exhibits163: Silicon Laboratories Inc. - Key news
  • Exhibits164: Silicon Laboratories Inc. - Key offerings
  • Exhibits165: Skyworks Solutions Inc. - Overview
  • Exhibits166: Skyworks Solutions Inc. - Product / Service
  • Exhibits167: Skyworks Solutions Inc. - Key offerings
  • Exhibits168: STMicroelectronics International NV - Overview
  • Exhibits169: STMicroelectronics International NV - Business segments
  • Exhibits170: STMicroelectronics International NV - Key news
  • Exhibits171: STMicroelectronics International NV - Key offerings
  • Exhibits172: STMicroelectronics International NV - Segment focus
  • Exhibits173: TE Connectivity Ltd. - Overview
  • Exhibits174: TE Connectivity Ltd. - Business segments
  • Exhibits175: TE Connectivity Ltd. - Key news
  • Exhibits176: TE Connectivity Ltd. - Key offerings
  • Exhibits177: TE Connectivity Ltd. - Segment focus
  • Exhibits178: Texas Instruments Inc. - Overview
  • Exhibits179: Texas Instruments Inc. - Business segments
  • Exhibits180: Texas Instruments Inc. - Key news
  • Exhibits181: Texas Instruments Inc. - Key offerings
  • Exhibits182: Texas Instruments Inc. - Segment focus
  • Exhibits183: Inclusions checklist
  • Exhibits184: Exclusions checklist
  • Exhibits185: Currency conversion rates for US$
  • Exhibits186: Research methodology
  • Exhibits187: Validation techniques employed for market sizing
  • Exhibits188: Information sources
  • Exhibits189: List of abbreviations