首頁 > 市場調查報告書 > 材料

金屬

市場調查報告書

商品編碼

1467791

2024-2032 年按產品類型、應用、最終用途產業和地區分類的銅箔市場報告

Copper Foil Market Report by Product Type, Application, End Use Industry, and Region 2024-2032

出版日期: 2024年04月08日 | 出版商:

IMARC | 英文 137 Pages | 商品交期: 2-3個工作天內

價格

簡介目錄圖表

2023年全球銅箔市場規模達61IMARC Group美元。

銅箔是透過電鍍或壓延銅片而製成的厚度為幾微米的薄銅片。它是一種導電和導熱的多功能材料。因此，它被廣泛應用於電路板、電池和太陽能電器。除此之外，它還用於個人電腦（PC）、行動電話、鋰離子二次電池的集電器以及等離子顯示器的電磁波屏蔽材料等電信設備中的印刷電路板（PCB）。

銅箔市場趨勢：

全球智慧型手機、筆記型電腦、電腦和平板電腦等電子設備銷售的成長是推動市場的關鍵因素之一。此外，由於對更好的連接解決方案的需求不斷成長，5G 基礎設施不斷完善，正在刺激市場的成長。此外，由於內燃機（ICE）汽車溫室氣體（GHG）排放量的增加以及個人環保意識的增強，對電動車（EV）的需求也在增加。隨著銅箔在修道院、金色標誌、瓷磚馬賽克和手工藝品等裝飾材料中的應用不斷增加，為最終用戶和投資者提供了利潤豐厚的成長機會。除此之外，銅箔在全球變壓器和電網級儲能中的應用不斷增加，對市場產生了積極影響。此外，主要市場參與者正在透過改善銅箔的表面性能、開發新的表面處理塗層以及為眾多應用實現較小的厚度和重量來提高產品差異化。這些企業也採取併購 (M&A) 等策略來提高整體銷售額和獲利能力。

本報告回答的關鍵問題

2023年全球銅箔市場規模有多大？
2024-2032年全球銅箔市場預計成長率是多少？
推動全球銅箔市場的關鍵因素有哪些？
COVID-19對全球銅箔市場有何影響？
全球銅箔市場依產品類型分類是怎樣的？
全球銅箔市場按應用分類如何？
基於最終用途行業的全球銅箔市場的詳細情形如何？
全球銅箔市場的重點區域有哪些？
全球銅箔市場的主要參與者/公司有哪些？

北美洲
- 美國
  - 市場走向
  - 市場預測
- 加拿大
  - 市場走向
  - 市場預測
亞太
- 中國
  - 市場走向
  - 市場預測
- 日本
  - 市場走向
  - 市場預測
- 印度
  - 市場走向
  - 市場預測
- 韓國
  - 市場走向
  - 市場預測
- 澳洲
  - 市場走向
  - 市場預測
- 印尼
  - 市場走向
  - 市場預測
- 其他
  - 市場走向
  - 市場預測
歐洲
- 德國
  - 市場走向
  - 市場預測
- 法國
  - 市場走向
  - 市場預測
- 英國
  - 市場走向
  - 市場預測
- 義大利
  - 市場走向
  - 市場預測
- 西班牙
  - 市場走向
  - 市場預測
- 俄羅斯
  - 市場走向
  - 市場預測
- 其他
  - 市場走向
  - 市場預測
拉丁美洲
- 巴西
  - 市場走向
  - 市場預測
- 墨西哥
  - 市場走向
  - 市場預測
- 其他
  - 市場走向
  - 市場預測
中東和非洲
- 市場走向
- 市場細分：按國家/地區
- 市場預測

第 10 章：SWOT 分析

概述
優勢
弱點
機會
威脅

第 11 章：價值鏈分析

第 12 章：波特五力分析

概述
買家的議價能力
供應商的議價能力
競爭程度
新進入者的威脅
替代品的威脅

第 13 章：價格分析

第14章：競爭格局

市場結構
關鍵參與者
關鍵參與者簡介
- Carl Schlenk AG
- Chang Chun Group
- Furukawa Electric Co. Ltd.
- ILJIN Materials Co. Ltd.
- JX Nippon Mining & Metals Corporation (ENEOS Holdings Inc.)
- LS Mtron Co. Ltd.
- Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co. Ltd.
- Nippon Denkai Ltd.
- Rogers Corporation
- SKC Co. Ltd.
- Sumitomo Metal Mining Co. Ltd.
- Targray Technology International Inc.
- UACJ Corporation

簡介目錄圖表

Product Code: SR112024A5022

The global copper foil market size reached US$ 6.1 Billion in 2023. Looking forward, IMARC Group expects the market to reach US$ 10.5 Billion by 2032, exhibiting a growth rate (CAGR) of 6.2% during 2024-2032.

Copper foil is a thin sheet of copper with a thickness of a few microns made by electroplating or rolling the copper sheet. It is a versatile material that conducts electricity and heat. As a result, it is widely used in circuit boards, batteries, and solar energy appliances. Besides this, it is utilized in the printed circuit boards (PCBs) that are incorporated into telecommunications equipment, such as personal computers (PCs), mobile phones, current collectors of lithium-ion secondary batteries, and the electromagnetic wave shield material of plasma displays (PDPs).

Copper Foil Market Trends:

The growing sales of electronic devices, such as smartphones, laptops, computers, and tabs across the globe, represent one of the key factors driving the market. Moreover, the improving 5G infrastructure due to the rising need for better connecting solutions is stimulating the growth of the market. In addition, there is a rise in the demand for electric vehicles (EVs) on account of the increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles and the growing environmental awareness among individuals. This, along with the increasing applications of copper foils in decorative materials, such as monasteries, gold signs, tile mosaic, and handicrafts, is offering lucrative growth opportunities to the end-users and investors. Besides this, the rising application of copper foils in transformers and grid-level energy storage around the world is positively influencing the market. Furthermore, key market players are increasing product differentiation by improving the surface properties of the copper foil, developing new surface treatment coatings, and achieving smaller thickness and weight for numerous applications. These players are also adopting strategies, such as mergers and acquisitions (M&A), to increase their overall sales and profitability.

Key Market Segmentation:

IMARC Group provides an analysis of the key trends in each sub-segment of the global copper foil market report, along with forecasts at the global, regional and country levels from 2024-2032. Our report has categorized the market based on product type, application, and end use industry.

Breakup by Product Type:

Rolled Copper Foil

Electrodeposited Copper Foil

Breakup by Application:

Printed Circuit Boards

Batteries

Electromagnetic Shielding

Others

Breakup by End Use Industry:

Aerospace and Defense

Automotive

Building and Construction

Electrical and Electronics

Industrial Equipment

Medical

Others

Breakup by Region:

North America

United States

Canada

Asia-Pacific

China

Japan

India

South Korea

Australia

Indonesia

Others

Europe

Germany

France

United Kingdom

Italy

Spain

Russia

Others

Latin America

Brazil

Mexico

Others

Middle East and Africa

Competitive Landscape:

The competitive landscape of the industry has also been examined along with the profiles of the key players being Carl Schlenk AG, Chang Chun Group, Furukawa Electric Co. Ltd., ILJIN Materials Co. Ltd., JX Nippon Mining & Metals Corporation (ENEOS Holdings Inc.), LS Mtron Co. Ltd., Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co. Ltd., Nippon Denkai Ltd., Rogers Corporation, SKC Co. Ltd., Sumitomo Metal Mining Co. Ltd., Targray Technology International Inc. and UACJ Corporation.

Key Questions Answered in This Report

1. What was the size of the global copper foil market in 2023?
2. What is the expected growth rate of the global copper foil market during 2024-2032?
3. What are the key factors driving the global copper foil market?
4. What has been the impact of COVID-19 on the global copper foil market?
5. What is the breakup of the global copper foil market based on the product type?
6. What is the breakup of the global copper foil market based on the application?
7. What is the breakup of the global copper foil market based on the end use industry?
8. What are the key regions in the global copper foil market?
9. Who are the key players/companies in the global copper foil market?

1 Preface

2 Scope and Methodology

2.1 Objectives of the Study
2.2 Stakeholders
2.3 Data Sources
- 2.3.1 Primary Sources
- 2.3.2 Secondary Sources
2.4 Market Estimation
- 2.4.1 Bottom-Up Approach
- 2.4.2 Top-Down Approach
2.5 Forecasting Methodology

3 Executive Summary

4 Introduction

4.1 Overview
4.2 Key Industry Trends

5 Global Copper Foil Market

5.1 Market Overview
5.2 Market Performance
5.3 Impact of COVID-19
5.4 Market Forecast

6 Market Breakup by Product Type

6.1 Rolled Copper Foil
- 6.1.1 Market Trends
- 6.1.2 Market Forecast
6.2 Electrodeposited Copper Foil
- 6.2.1 Market Trends
- 6.2.2 Market Forecast

7 Market Breakup by Application

7.1 Printed Circuit Boards
- 7.1.1 Market Trends
- 7.1.2 Market Forecast
7.2 Batteries
- 7.2.1 Market Trends
- 7.2.2 Market Forecast
7.3 Electromagnetic Shielding
- 7.3.1 Market Trends
- 7.3.2 Market Forecast
7.4 Others
- 7.4.1 Market Trends
- 7.4.2 Market Forecast

8 Market Breakup by End Use Industry

8.1 Aerospace and Defense
- 8.1.1 Market Trends
- 8.1.2 Market Forecast
8.2 Automotive
- 8.2.1 Market Trends
- 8.2.2 Market Forecast
8.3 Building and Construction
- 8.3.1 Market Trends
- 8.3.2 Market Forecast
8.4 Electrical and Electronics
- 8.4.1 Market Trends
- 8.4.2 Market Forecast
8.5 Industrial Equipment
- 8.5.1 Market Trends
- 8.5.2 Market Forecast
8.6 Medical
- 8.6.1 Market Trends
- 8.6.2 Market Forecast
8.7 Others
- 8.7.1 Market Trends
- 8.7.2 Market Forecast

9 Market Breakup by Region

9.1 North America
- 9.1.1 United States
  - 9.1.1.1 Market Trends
  - 9.1.1.2 Market Forecast
- 9.1.2 Canada
  - 9.1.2.1 Market Trends
  - 9.1.2.2 Market Forecast
9.2 Asia-Pacific
- 9.2.1 China
  - 9.2.1.1 Market Trends
  - 9.2.1.2 Market Forecast
- 9.2.2 Japan
  - 9.2.2.1 Market Trends
  - 9.2.2.2 Market Forecast
- 9.2.3 India
  - 9.2.3.1 Market Trends
  - 9.2.3.2 Market Forecast
- 9.2.4 South Korea
  - 9.2.4.1 Market Trends
  - 9.2.4.2 Market Forecast
- 9.2.5 Australia
  - 9.2.5.1 Market Trends
  - 9.2.5.2 Market Forecast
- 9.2.6 Indonesia
  - 9.2.6.1 Market Trends
  - 9.2.6.2 Market Forecast
- 9.2.7 Others
  - 9.2.7.1 Market Trends
  - 9.2.7.2 Market Forecast
9.3 Europe
- 9.3.1 Germany
  - 9.3.1.1 Market Trends
  - 9.3.1.2 Market Forecast
- 9.3.2 France
  - 9.3.2.1 Market Trends
  - 9.3.2.2 Market Forecast
- 9.3.3 United Kingdom
  - 9.3.3.1 Market Trends
  - 9.3.3.2 Market Forecast
- 9.3.4 Italy
  - 9.3.4.1 Market Trends
  - 9.3.4.2 Market Forecast
- 9.3.5 Spain
  - 9.3.5.1 Market Trends
  - 9.3.5.2 Market Forecast
- 9.3.6 Russia
  - 9.3.6.1 Market Trends
  - 9.3.6.2 Market Forecast
- 9.3.7 Others
  - 9.3.7.1 Market Trends
  - 9.3.7.2 Market Forecast
9.4 Latin America
- 9.4.1 Brazil
  - 9.4.1.1 Market Trends
  - 9.4.1.2 Market Forecast
- 9.4.2 Mexico
  - 9.4.2.1 Market Trends
  - 9.4.2.2 Market Forecast
- 9.4.3 Others
  - 9.4.3.1 Market Trends
  - 9.4.3.2 Market Forecast
9.5 Middle East and Africa
- 9.5.1 Market Trends
- 9.5.2 Market Breakup by Country
- 9.5.3 Market Forecast

10 SWOT Analysis

10.1 Overview
10.2 Strengths
10.3 Weaknesses
10.4 Opportunities
10.5 Threats

11 Value Chain Analysis

12 Porters Five Forces Analysis

12.1 Overview
12.2 Bargaining Power of Buyers
12.3 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
12.4 Degree of Competition
12.5 Threat of New Entrants
12.6 Threat of Substitutes

13 Price Analysis

14 Competitive Landscape

14.1 Market Structure
14.2 Key Players
14.3 Profiles of Key Players
- 14.3.1 Carl Schlenk AG
  - 14.3.1.1 Company Overview
  - 14.3.1.2 Product Portfolio
- 14.3.2 Chang Chun Group
  - 14.3.2.1 Company Overview
  - 14.3.2.2 Product Portfolio
- 14.3.3 Furukawa Electric Co. Ltd.
  - 14.3.3.1 Company Overview
  - 14.3.3.2 Product Portfolio
  - 14.3.3.3 Financials
  - 14.3.3.4 SWOT Analysis
- 14.3.4 ILJIN Materials Co. Ltd.
  - 14.3.4.1 Company Overview
  - 14.3.4.2 Product Portfolio
  - 14.3.4.3 Financials
- 14.3.5 JX Nippon Mining & Metals Corporation (ENEOS Holdings Inc.)
  - 14.3.5.1 Company Overview
  - 14.3.5.2 Product Portfolio
- 14.3.6 LS Mtron Co. Ltd.
  - 14.3.6.1 Company Overview
  - 14.3.6.2 Product Portfolio
- 14.3.7 Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co. Ltd.
  - 14.3.7.1 Company Overview
  - 14.3.7.2 Product Portfolio
  - 14.3.7.3 Financials
  - 14.3.7.4 SWOT Analysis
- 14.3.8 Nippon Denkai Ltd.
  - 14.3.8.1 Company Overview
  - 14.3.8.2 Product Portfolio
  - 14.3.8.3 Financials
- 14.3.9 Rogers Corporation
  - 14.3.9.1 Company Overview
  - 14.3.9.2 Product Portfolio
  - 14.3.9.3 Financials
- 14.3.10 SKC Co. Ltd.
  - 14.3.10.1 Company Overview
  - 14.3.10.2 Product Portfolio
  - 14.3.10.3 Financials
  - 14.3.10.4 SWOT Analysis
- 14.3.11 Sumitomo Metal Mining Co. Ltd.
  - 14.3.11.1 Company Overview
  - 14.3.11.2 Product Portfolio
  - 14.3.11.3 Financials
  - 14.3.11.4 SWOT Analysis
- 14.3.12 Targray Technology International Inc.
  - 14.3.12.1 Company Overview
  - 14.3.12.2 Product Portfolio
- 14.3.13 UACJ Corporation
  - 14.3.13.1 Company Overview
  - 14.3.13.2 Product Portfolio
  - 14.3.13.3 Financials

簡介目錄圖表

List of Figures

Figure 1: Global: Copper Foil Market: Major Drivers and Challenges
Figure 2: Global: Copper Foil Market: Sales Value (in Billion US$), 2018-2023
Figure 3: Global: Copper Foil Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Billion US$), 2024-2032
Figure 4: Global: Copper Foil Market: Breakup by Product Type (in %), 2023
Figure 5: Global: Copper Foil Market: Breakup by Application (in %), 2023
Figure 6: Global: Copper Foil Market: Breakup by End Use Industry (in %), 2023
Figure 7: Global: Copper Foil Market: Breakup by Region (in %), 2023
Figure 8: Global: Copper Foil (Rolled Copper Foil) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 9: Global: Copper Foil (Rolled Copper Foil) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 10: Global: Copper Foil (Electrodeposited Copper Foil) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 11: Global: Copper Foil (Electrodeposited Copper Foil) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 12: Global: Copper Foil (Printed Circuit Boards) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 13: Global: Copper Foil (Printed Circuit Boards) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 14: Global: Copper Foil (Batteries) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 15: Global: Copper Foil (Batteries) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 16: Global: Copper Foil (Electromagnetic Shielding) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 17: Global: Copper Foil (Electromagnetic Shielding) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 18: Global: Copper Foil (Other Applications) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 19: Global: Copper Foil (Other Applications) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 20: Global: Copper Foil (Aerospace and Defense) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 21: Global: Copper Foil (Aerospace and Defense) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 22: Global: Copper Foil (Automotive) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 23: Global: Copper Foil (Automotive) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 24: Global: Copper Foil (Building and Construction) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 25: Global: Copper Foil (Building and Construction) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 26: Global: Copper Foil (Electrical and Electronics) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 27: Global: Copper Foil (Electrical and Electronics) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 28: Global: Copper Foil (Industrial Equipment) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 29: Global: Copper Foil (Industrial Equipment) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 30: Global: Copper Foil (Medical) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 31: Global: Copper Foil (Medical) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 32: Global: Copper Foil (Other End Use Industries) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 33: Global: Copper Foil (Other End Use Industries) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 34: North America: Copper Foil Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 35: North America: Copper Foil Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 36: United States: Copper Foil Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 37: United States: Copper Foil Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 38: Canada: Copper Foil Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 39: Canada: Copper Foil Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 40: Asia-Pacific: Copper Foil Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 41: Asia-Pacific: Copper Foil Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 42: China: Copper Foil Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 43: China: Copper Foil Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 44: Japan: Copper Foil Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 45: Japan: Copper Foil Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 46: India: Copper Foil Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 47: India: Copper Foil Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 48: South Korea: Copper Foil Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 49: South Korea: Copper Foil Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 50: Australia: Copper Foil Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 51: Australia: Copper Foil Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 52: Indonesia: Copper Foil Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 53: Indonesia: Copper Foil Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 54: Others: Copper Foil Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 55: Others: Copper Foil Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 56: Europe: Copper Foil Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 57: Europe: Copper Foil Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 58: Germany: Copper Foil Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 59: Germany: Copper Foil Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 60: France: Copper Foil Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 61: France: Copper Foil Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 62: United Kingdom: Copper Foil Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 63: United Kingdom: Copper Foil Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 64: Italy: Copper Foil Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 65: Italy: Copper Foil Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 66: Spain: Copper Foil Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 67: Spain: Copper Foil Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 68: Russia: Copper Foil Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 69: Russia: Copper Foil Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 70: Others: Copper Foil Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 71: Others: Copper Foil Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 72: Latin America: Copper Foil Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 73: Latin America: Copper Foil Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 74: Brazil: Copper Foil Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 75: Brazil: Copper Foil Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 76: Mexico: Copper Foil Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 77: Mexico: Copper Foil Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 78: Others: Copper Foil Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 79: Others: Copper Foil Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 80: Middle East and Africa: Copper Foil Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 81: Middle East and Africa: Copper Foil Market: Breakup by Country (in %), 2023
Figure 82: Middle East and Africa: Copper Foil Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 83: Global: Copper Foil Industry: SWOT Analysis
Figure 84: Global: Copper Foil Industry: Value Chain Analysis
Figure 85: Global: Copper Foil Industry: Porter's Five Forces Analysis

List of Tables

Table 1: Global: Copper Foil Market: Key Industry Highlights, 2023 and 2032
Table 2: Global: Copper Foil Market Forecast: Breakup by Product Type (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Table 3: Global: Copper Foil Market Forecast: Breakup by Application (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Table 4: Global: Copper Foil Market Forecast: Breakup by End Use Industry (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Table 5: Global: Copper Foil Market Forecast: Breakup by Region (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Table 6: Global: Copper Foil Market: Competitive Structure
Table 7: Global: Copper Foil Market: Key Players

02-2729-4219

+886-2-2729-4219