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全球清潔鎳鈷合金提取市場 - 2023-2030Global Clean Ni-Co Alloy Extraction Market - 2023-2030 |
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全球清潔鎳鈷合金提取市場在 2022 年達到 12 億美元,預計到 2030 年將達到 180 萬美元,2023-2030 年預測期間年複合成長率為 5.2%。
全球電動汽車(EV)產量的成長將成為預測期內推動全球清潔鎳鈷合金提取市場成長的主要因素。 2022年,全球電動汽車年產量首次突破1000萬輛。此外,根據國際能源署(IEA)的數據,電動汽車佔2022年汽車總銷量的14%,高於2021年的9%。
科學家們正在研究開發新的低能量鎳鈷合金提取方法。例如,中國成都西南大學的科學家於 2022 年 10 月發表的一篇研究論文詳細介紹了一種在超低溫下提取鎳鈷合金的新技術的開發。
新興市場對鎳鈷合金的需求不斷成長
新興國家特別是亞太地區的新興國家正在經歷快速的工業化和經濟成長。從20世紀90年代末和2000年代初開始,跨國公司開始將製造業務外包給亞太國家,以利用更便宜的勞動力和自由貿易協定。中國、印度等國家已逐步向價值鏈上游邁進,並開始從事高科技製造。
隨著製造業的持續成長,新興國家開始滿足對鎳鈷合金的大量需求,特別是電子和汽車行業。隨著更多行業繼續向新興市場轉移以最佳化成本,中長期來看,鎳鈷合金的需求將進一步增加。
提取技術的進步
科學家們正在不斷發現改善鎳鈷合金提取的新方法。提取工藝的改進可能會提高回收效率,從而減少損失並最大限度地提高資源利用率。研究和開發工作主要集中在最佳化提取過程的各個階段,例如浸出技術、溶劑提取系統和精煉方法。
技術進步帶來了新穎的萃取技術,可提高效率和選擇性。例如,中國長沙中南大學的科學家於 2023 年 3 月發表的一篇研究論文詳細介紹了從紅土礦石還原焙燒中提取鎳鈷合金的方法。本文探討了這種提取方法作為目前採用的方法的經濟替代方法。
供應鏈挑戰
清潔鎳鈷合金提取市場高度多元化,加工商、供應商和出口商分佈在不同地區。該行業的全球化性質使其極易受到各種供應鏈挑戰的影響。市場面臨的最大挑戰之一是運輸和物流瓶頸,這會導致交貨時間延長、成本上升和營運效率降低。
該行業依賴供應鏈每個階段的多個供應商和分包商。這種複雜性可能會帶來與供應商可靠性、產能限製或財務穩定性相關的風險。供應商的中斷或問題可能會導致延誤,從而增加生產商的成本。供應鏈挑戰將繼續影響全球市場的成長。
COVID-19 大流行對全球市場產生了重大影響。由於消費者支出減少和封鎖限制,汽車行業的銷售額急劇下降。同樣,航空航太業也面臨嚴重衰退,影響了飛機引擎和零部件對鎳鈷合金的需求。
隨著全球經濟從疫情中逐步復甦,全球鎳鈷合金需求有所回升。政府制定了刺激計劃,重點關注可再生能源、汽車、電子和航空航太等關鍵行業。它為後疫情時期的全球市場提供了新的成長機遇。
俄烏戰爭影響分析
俄羅斯和烏克蘭之間持續的戰爭對全球清潔鎳鈷合金提取市場產生了重大影響。鑑於俄羅斯作為多種金屬和合金主要出口國的地位,戰爭導致全球金屬市場大幅波動。它危及了該國鎳鈷合金提取項目的投資,西方主要公司因經濟制裁而退出。
西方制裁也阻礙了俄羅斯的金屬出口,延長了全球市場的波動。俄羅斯正在利用替代路線和灰色市場來出口金屬,從而導致物流成本增加,從而增加最終用戶的成本。戰爭引發的全球市場波動短期內不太可能改善。
Global Clean Ni-Co Alloy Extraction Market reached US$ 1.2 billion in 2022 and is expected to reach US$ 1.8 million by 2030, growing with a CAGR of 5.2% during the forecast period 2023-2030.
Rising global electric vehicle (EV) production will be a major factor in driving the growth of the global clean Ni-Co alloy extraction market over the forecast period. Global annual EV production surpassed 10 million units for the first time in 2022. Furthermore, according to data from the International Energy Agency (IEA), EVs accounted for 14% of total cars sold in 2022, up from 9% in 2021.
Scientists are undertaking research to develop new, low-energy Ni-Co alloy extraction methods. For instance, a research paper published in October 2022, by scientists from the Southwest University in Chengdu, China, details the development of a new technique to extract Ni-Co alloys at ultra-low temperatures.
Growing Demand for Ni-Co Alloys from Emerging Markets
Emerging countries especially in Asia-Pacific, are undergoing experiencing rapid industrialization and economic growth. Starting from the late 1990s and early 2000s, multinational companies began to outsource manufacturing operations to countries in Asia-Pacific to take advantage of cheaper labor and free trade agreements. Countries such as China and India have gradually moved up the value chain and are now engaged in high-tech manufacturing.
With sustained growth of their manufacturing industry, emerging countries are starting to account for a substantial demand for Ni-Co alloys, particularly from the electronics and automotive industry. As more industries continue to relocate to emerging markets for cost optimizations, it will further increase demand for Ni-Co alloys over the medium and long term.
Advancements in Extraction Technologies
Scientists are expanding discover new methods of improving Ni-Co alloy extraction. Improvements in extraction processes result in potentially increased recovery efficiency thereby leading to reduced losses and maximizing the resource usage. Research and development efforts have mainly focused on optimizing various stages of the extraction process such as leaching techniques, solvent extraction systems and refining methods.
Technological advancements have brought forth novel extraction technologies that offer improved efficiency and selectivity. For instance, a research paper published in March 2023, by scientists from the Central South University in Changsha, China, details the extraction of Ni-Co alloys from reductive roasting of laterite ore. The paper explores this extraction method as an economical alternative to currently adopted methods.
Supply Chain Challenges
The market for clean Ni-Co alloy extraction is highly diversified with processors, suppliers and exporters located in different regions. The globalized nature of the industry makes it highly vulnerable to various supply chain challenges. One of the biggest challenges for the market is bottlenecks in transportation and logistics which leads to increased lead times, higher costs and reduced operational efficiency.
The industry relies on multiple suppliers and subcontractors along each stage of the supply chain. This complexity can introduce risks related to supplier reliability, capacity constraints, or financial stability. Disruptions or issues with suppliers can lead to delays, thus increasing costs for producers. Supply chain challenges will continue to affect the growth of the global market.
The COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on the global market. The automotive sector experienced a drastic decline in sales due to reduced consumer spending and lockdown restrictions. Similarly, the aerospace industry also faced a severe downturn, impacting the demand for Ni-Co alloys in aircraft engines and components.
As the global economy gradually recovered from the pandemic, the global demand for Ni-Co alloys has rebounded. Government have instituted stimulus packages, focusing on key industries such as renewable energy, automotive, electronics and aerospace. It presents new growth opportunities for the global market in the post-pandemic period.
Russia-Ukraine War Impact Analysis
The ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine has had major ramifications for the global clean Ni-Co alloy extraction market. The war has led to significant volatility in global metal markets, given Russia's status as a key exporter of several metals and alloys. It has jeopardized investment in Ni-Co alloy extraction projects in the country, with major western companies pulling out due to economic sanctions.
Western sanctions have also hampered Russia's metals exports, prolonging the volatility in the global markets. Russia is utilizing alternatives routes and the grey markets for exporting metals, thereby leading to increased logistical costs and thus increasing costs for end-users. The war-induced volatility in the global markets is unlikely to improve in the short term.
The global clean Ni-Co alloy extraction market is segmented based on extraction process, application, end-user and region.
The Automotive Industry is a Key End-User for Ni-Co Alloys
The automotive industry accounts for nearly half of the global market. The global automotive industry has a significantly larger production volume as compared to the electronics and aerospace and defense industries. The global automotive market, with its vast customer base and mass production capabilities, generates major demand for Ni-Co alloys.
Ni-Co alloys are mainly used in the automotive industry for the production of catalytic converters. However, with the growing production of electric vehicles, (EVs), Ni-Co alloys have gained new importance in the industry due to its role in the production of lithium-ion batteries. The demand for Ni-Co alloys from the automotive industry is only expected to rise over the medium and long term.
Expansion of Space Exploration Projects will Propel Market Growth in Asia-Pacific
Asia-Pacific accounts for more than a third of the global market. The region has experienced rapid industrialization over the past two decades and now generates major demand for Ni-Co alloys. While traditional manufacturing industries such as electronics and automotive have always thrived in the region, the expansion of the space industry will generate new opportunities for market growth. Leading countries such as China, India and Japan have lined up various programs over the coming decade.
In May 2023, China launched three astronauts into space to crew its Tiangong space station. China's space agency has unveiled plans to undertake a manned lunar mission before the end of the decade. In July 2023, India's space agency, ISRO, launched its Chandrayaan-3 unmanned lunar exploration mission. Furthermore, India is expected to launch its first manned mission, Gaganyaan in late 2024.
Japan has also lined up a number of space exploration missions, such as the HTV-X space station supply vehicle along with expeditions to Mars and the moons of Jupiter. Ni-Co alloys are extensively used in heat exchangers, electrical connectors, thrusters and propulsion systems. The expansion of national space programs of leading countries in the region is expected to lead to long term demand for Ni-Co alloys in Asia-Pacific.
The major global players include: Vale, Norilsk Nickel, Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd., Glencore, GEM Co., Ltd, Eramet, Umicore, Anglo American Plc, Sherritt International Corporation and Jinchuan Group International Resources Co. Ltd.
The global clean Ni-Co alloy extraction market report would provide approximately 57 tables, 61 figures and 185 Pages.
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