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6G 通訊中的 ZED（零能耗設備）：市場、技術和材料機會（2024-2044 年）
市場調查報告書
商品編碼
1448838

6G 通訊中的 ZED（零能耗設備）：市場、技術和材料機會（2024-2044 年）

6G Communications Zero Energy Devices ZED: Markets, Technology, Materials Opportunities 2024-2044
出版日期: | 出版商: Zhar Research | 英文 365 Pages | 商品交期: 最快1-2個工作天內

價格
簡介目錄
報告統計
章節 7
SWOT 評級： 9
2024-2044年預測線 23
公司 105
資訊圖表、表格、圖表 107

本報告調查了6G通訊中ZED（零能耗設備）的市場、技術和材料，總結了技術定義、背景、6G ZED基礎設施和客戶端設備實現技術、研究管線等。

標題

ZED（零能耗設備）在 6G 通訊中的重要性 - 來源： "6G 通訊零能耗設備 ZED：2024-2044 年市場、技術、材料機會"

目錄

第一章執行摘要/概述

第二章簡介

  • 概述
  • 6G基礎知識
  • 6G 第一階段和第二階段的 ZED 需求和機會
  • 與 6G ZED 2024 和 2023 相關的詳細信息

第 3 章 6G ZED 基礎設施與客戶設備的支援技術：超材料、IRS、RIS、結構電子學

  • 超材料和超表面使 6G ZED 具有零功耗和低功耗智慧表面以及太陽能增強功能
    • 超材料、IRS 和 RIS 概述
    • 範例：5G 和 6G 超材料 IRS ZED 窗口
    • 超材料工具包主要範例、6種格式與6G ZED之間的關係
    • 元原子材料、設計和圖案選項
    • 6G 應用不斷發展的商業、營運、理論和結構選項
    • 與 6G RIS sub-THz、THz 和光學版本相容的超材料製造技術
    • 用於其他目的的可重構智慧表面和超表面
    • 6G IRS和RIS使用的主要材料
    • 如何建造和運營 6G RIS
    • 6G RIS 的八個調諧元件系列及其材料要求
    • 從分立基板和層壓薄膜到全智慧材料整合和結構電子的趨勢
    • 超表面能量收集增強功能可用於 6G ZED
  • 基於超材料的 6G ZED 技術：3 個 SWOT 評估

第4章 6G ZED實現技術：SWIPT/AmBC/CD-ZED

  • 概述：反向散射和 SWIPT 支援 6G ZED
  • 基於混合波束形成的 SWIPT
  • AmBC 和 CD-ZED

第 5 章 6G ZED 實現技術：6G 基礎設施和客戶端設備的能量收集

  • 概述：不斷變化的需求和 13 項技術
  • 電磁輻射收集：太陽能、環境射頻
  • 機械廢氣收集：使用次聲、聲學、振動、電動力學、壓電、摩擦電和其他技術的其他運動
  • 熱電、熱電、水力發電、生質燃料電池等選項
    • 概述
    • 熱電
    • 熱電
    • 火力水電
    • 生質燃料電池
    • 其他

第六章 超低功耗電氣電子增加6G ZED的可行性

  • 概述
  • 系統級節能
  • 元件級節能：超低功耗IC、低功耗顯示器等。

第 7 章：無電池 6G ZED 的電池消除、超級電容器、變體和質量零能量

  • 概述
  • 選擇範圍-電容器、超級電容器、電池
  • 鋰離子電容器的特點
  • 超級電容器及其衍生物的實際和潛在主要應用
  • ZED無電池儲能技術的SWOT評估
  • 透過超級電容器及其變體實現的 ZED 範例
  • 無質量的能量：超級電容器結構電子學
  • 研究管線：超級電容器
  • 研究管道：混合方法
  • 研究管線：贗電容器
簡介目錄
REPORT STATISTICS
Chapters:7
SWOT appraisals :9
Forecast lines 2024-2044:23
Companies:105
Infograms, tables, graphs:107

6G Communications will become more viable by adopting zero energy devices ZED in its infrastructure. In addition, many 6G business cases are based on it enabling client devices at the edge of its networks to be zero energy. Here ZED means more useful and sold in far larger numbers, from personal and professional devices to Internet of Things IOT nodes.

ZED are energy autonomous devices with particular attention on those that have much longer life and greener credentials, this usually implying battery-free. The industry chooses to include in the ZED definition those devices that are powered only by a whisper of electricity from a signal beam when in use. All are analysed in the new Zhar Research report, "6G Communications Zero Energy Devices ZED: Markets, Technology, Materials Opportunities 2024-2044". Commercially-oriented, the 365-page report reveals your materials and device opportunities.

Primary author Dr. Peter Harrop says, "With its higher frequencies and therefore shorter- range emissions, 6G will fail without empowering devices in the transmission path, mostly intelligent reflective surfaces IRS and reprogrammable intelligent surfaces RIS in difficult-to-access places calling for energy autonomy. On the other hand, 6G is promised to enable IOT to become a genuinely new, large market at last. That can only happen if the nodes are ZED because the envisaged numbers and locations are so challenging. In a later stage, 6G is intended to permit unpowered edge devices and maybe charge your phone as you use it. For any of these things, many new systems need to be adopted together with many new materials technologies. On the 20-year view, metamaterials and structural electronics will be particularly impactful in many ways but there is much more to this story."

The report carefully explains all this including the implications of the large research pipeline right into 2024, distilling new roadmaps, forecasts, comparisons and appraisals. On-board multi-mode energy harvesting, ultra-low power electronics, structural supercapacitors and lithium-ion capacitors? It is all here, together with specification compromises and frugal new systems approaches such as ambient backscatter communications AmBC and how most of them can and will be combined. Your billion-dollar opportunity awaits.

Report structure

The 35-page Executive Summary and Conclusions is a quick read for those in a hurry, with follow-on pages giving 23 forecast lines as tables and graphs. See 20 key conclusions, the 20-year roadmap and many new infograms of the key trends, impediments and opportunities.

The 53-page Introduction embraces 6G basics, promises and threats. See challenges ahead such as its cost, runaway electricity consumption and frequency problems. There is a SWOT appraisal of 6G Communications as currently understood and a 6G general roadmap 2024-2044 then it focuses on ZED needs and opportunities in 6G Phase 1 and 2, illustrating such things as zero-energy device networks with wireless-powered RIS, ZED Machine Type Communications MTC and other ZED empowered 6G opportunities. Latest research references, many from 2024 close the chapter.

The rest of the report is a deep dive into the 6G ZED enabling technologies that are your business opportunity. They start with two chapters where certain technologies are impactful at both system and device level then three chapters are mainly concerned with device technology.

Joined-up world of IRS, RIS and metamaterials

Chapter 3 (38 pages) explains how 6G IRS are ZED and 6G RIS must be made ZED. Called, "6G ZED infrastructure and client device enabling technology: metamaterials, IRS, RIS, structural electronics" it is mostly about how metamaterials are enormously important here. They are the basis of IRS and RIS. They can increase the power from on-board photovoltaics in two ways. They can act as internal energy harvesting but there is more. What materials and construction are involved? All is explained with a profusion of latest research references and company achievements and intentions. Three SWOT appraisals concerning IRS, RIS and metamaterials end the chapter.

Enabling systems approaches

The 20 close packed pages of Chapter 4 are almost entirely involved in systems approaches making 6G ZED a reality for example by reducing or eliminating power requirements of client devices. Called, "6G ZED enabling technology: Simultaneous wireless and information transfer SWIPT, ambient backscatter communications technology AmBC, crowd-detectable zero energy devices CD-ZED", it explains all this again with 2024 and 2023 references and intentions and the activity of named universities and companies.

Energy harvesting - the full choice

Now come detailed device technologies that must be brought to bear in combination because the challenges are formidable as greater functionality so often calls for more electricity, personal electronics and RIS, the most important devices in the propagation path, being notorious examples. Nothing less than many forms of energy harvesting combined into smart materials are needed together with other contributions covered in the other chapters. Most treatises pretend there are only a few harvesting options but here we need 117 pages because we address 13 of them in great detail. After all, 6G ZED may be buried in our bodies, operating underwater or otherwise challenged so the report considers even the new hydrovoltaics and the use of printed biofuel cells powering our smart skin patches all 6G connected, or such is the dream. Learn what mechanical and electromagnetic frequencies and what forms of heat are realistic to harvest, for example. Other modes? What forms of energy harvesting are already being combined in single devices? Again, analysis and many new references bring it all alive.

Ultra-low power electronics

Chapter 6. (63 pages) "Ultra-low power electronics and electrics to make 6G ZED more feasible" takes 31 pages to sweep through such things as ultra-low power "Lithionic" and 2 nanometer chips, wireless sensor networks with simplified specifications using less power and other approaches with, in research, ultra-low power radio modules and smartphones resulting.

Storage without batteries

The report then ends with the best battery-free energy storage options for 6G, notably supercapacitors and lithium-ion capacitors but there is more and again the structural formats come to the fore. Indeed, there is a close look at the considerable research on making dumb material such as the case of your device into energy storage and even storage with energy harvesting still without increasing space or weight. It is called, "massless energy" and it is of considerable importance for both 6G ZED infrastructure and client devices. Self-healing versions anyone?

Only the report, "6G Communications Zero Energy Devices ZED: Markets, Technology, Materials Opportunities 2024-2044" can efficiently lead you to that $1 billion opportunity. May be more.

CAPTION

Significance of Zero Energy Devices ZED in 6G Communications. Source, "6G Communications Zero Energy Devices ZED: Markets, Technology, Materials Opportunities 2024-2044".

Table of Contents

1. Executive summary and conclusions

  • 1.1. Purpose and scope of this report
  • 1.2. Methodology of this analysis
  • 1.3. 20 Primary conclusions
  • 1.4. Context of ZED: overlapping and adjacent technologies and examples of long-life energy independent devices
  • 1.5. Primary 6G infrastructure and client devices becoming zero-energy and battery-free, longer life
    • 1.5.1. Infrastructure: CP, IRS, RIS, relays etc.
    • 1.5.2. Client devices/ edge computing: IOT, smartphones and derivatives, other
  • 1.6. Primary enabling technologies for battery-free 6G ZED
    • 1.6.1. Device architecture: 13 energy harvesting technologies, ultra-low-power electronics
    • 1.6.2. Device battery-free storage: supercapacitors, LIC,
    • 1.6.3. Smart materials: metamaterials, self-healing materials, structural electronics, "massless storage"
    • 1.6.4. System: SWIPT, AmBC, CD-ZED other
  • 1.7. Eight options that can be combined
  • 1.8. Significance of Zero Energy Devices ZED in 6G Communications
  • 1.9. Roadmap of 6G ZED and its enabling technologies 2024-2044
  • 1.10. Market forecasts 2024-2044
    • 1.10.1. 6G ZED IOT vs other client devices compared to RFID, EAS units billion 2024-2044
    • 1.10.2. Backscatter SWIPT ZED compared to RFID, EAS $ billion 2024-2044
    • 1.10.3. 6G ZED IRS compared to 6G ZED RIS market $ billion 2024-2044
    • 1.10.4. 6G RIS market by five types $ billion 2024-2044
    • 1.10.5. Smartphones and derivatives ZED vs non-ZED numbers billion 2024-2044
    • 1.10.6. X-Reality hardware market 6G ZED vs non-ZED versions $ billion 2024-2044
    • 1.10.7. Background RIS forecasts 2024-2044

2. Introduction

  • 2.1. Overview
  • 2.2. 6G basics
    • 2.2.1. Background
    • 2.2.2. Why do we need 6G?
    • 2.2.3. Disruptive 6G aspects
    • 2.2.4. Wireless powered IoE for 6G
    • 2.2.5. Arguments against 6G
    • 2.2.6. Challenges ahead: cost, runaway electricity consumption and frequency
    • 2.2.7. SWOT appraisal of 6G Communications as currently understood
    • 2.2.8. 6G general roadmap 2024-2044
  • 2.3. ZED needs and opportunities in 6G Phase 1 and 2
    • 2.3.1. Background
    • 2.3.2. Specific ZED needs in 6G communications
    • 2.3.3. 3GPP and Kristiaanstad University vision of options for 6G ZED and wireless powered IoE for 6G
    • 2.3.4. Zero-Energy Device Networks With Wireless-Powered RIS
    • 2.3.5. ZED Machine Type Communications MTC
    • 2.3.7. Other ZED empowered 6G opportunities
    • 2.3.6. Zero-energy air interface for advanced 5G and for 6G
    • 2.3.7. Other ZED empowered 6G opportunities
    • 2.3.8. First real-time backscatter communication demonstrated for 6G in 2023
  • 2.4. Further reading relevant to 6G ZED 2024 and 2023

3. 6G ZED infrastructure and client device enabling technology: metamaterials, IRS, RIS, structural electronics

  • 3.1. Metamaterials and metasurfaces enabling 6G ZED by providing zero and low power intelligent surfaces and solar enhancement
    • 3.1.1. Overview of metamaterials, IRS and RIS
    • 3.1.2. Example: Metamaterial IRS ZED window for 5G then 6G
    • 3.1.3. Metamaterial toolkit primary examples, six formats and 6G ZED relevance
    • 3.1.4. The meta-atom materials, design and patterning options
    • 3.1.5. Commercial, operational, theoretical, structural options evolving for 6G use
    • 3.1.6. Metamaterial manufacturing technologies matched to 6G RIS sub-THz, THz and optical versions
    • 3.1.7. Metasurfaces for reconfigurable intelligent surfaces and other purposes
    • 3.1.8. Primary materials used in 6G IRS and RIS
    • 3.1.9. How a 6G RIS is constructed and how it operates
    • 3.1.10. 8 tuning device families for 6G RIS and their materials requirements
    • 3.1.11. Trend from discrete boards, stacked films to full smart material integration, structural electronics
    • 3.1.12. Metasurface energy harvesting enhancement useful for 6G ZED
  • 3.2. Three SWOT appraisals of metamaterial-based 6G ZED technologies
    • 3.2.1. SWOT appraisal for metamaterials and metasurfaces generally
    • 3.2.2. SWOT appraisal that must guide future 6G RIS design including ZED versions
    • 3.2.3. SWOT appraisal of 6G Communications IRS and RIS opportunities

4. 6G ZED enabling technology: Simultaneous wireless and information transfer SWIPT, Ambient backscatter communications technology AmBC, crowd-detectable zero energy devices CD-ZED

  • 4.1. Overview: backscatter and SWIPT to enable 6G ZED
  • 4.2. Hybrid beamforming-based SWIPT
  • 4.3. Ambient backscatter communications AmBC and crowd detectable CD-ZED
    • 4.3.1. General
    • 4.3.2. Orange AmBC and CD-ZED
    • 4.3.3. Battery-free AmBC: University of California San Diego
    • 4.3.4. Crowd-detectable CD-ZED research
    • 4.3.5. Further research from 2024 and 2023 - 34 selected papers

5. 6G ZED enabling technology: energy harvesting for 6G infrastructure and client devices

  • 5.1. Overview: changing needs and 13 technologies
    • 5.1.1. Context
    • 5.1.2. The increasing electricity consumption of electronics and matching harvesting for ZED
    • 5.1.3. Energy harvesting performance comparison: power per unit volume
    • 5.1.4. 13 families of energy harvesting technology considered for ZED 2024-2044
  • 5.2. Harvesting electromagnetic emissions: photovoltaic, ambient RF
    • 5.2.1. Photovoltaic
    • 5.2.2. Harvesting ambient RF power for devices and communication by recycling existing emissions
  • 5.3. Harvesting mechanical emissions: infrasound, acoustic, vibration, other motion using electrodynamic, piezoelectric, triboelectric, other technologies
    • 5.3.1. Overview
    • 5.3.2. Electrodynamic
    • 5.3.3. Piezoelectric
    • 5.3.4. Triboelectric
    • 5.3.5. Other
  • 5.4. Thermoelectric, pyroelectric, hydrovoltaic, biofuel cell and other options
    • 5.4.1. Overview
    • 5.4.2. Thermoelectric
    • 5.4.2. Pyroelectric
    • 5.4.3. Thermal hydrovoltaic
    • 5.4.4. Biofuel cell
    • 5.4.5. Other options

6. Ultra-low power electronics and electrics to make 6G ZED more feasible

  • 6.1. Overview
  • 6.2. System level energy saving
    • 6.2.1. Intermittency tolerant electronics Bfree
    • 6.2.2. Ultra-low-power phononic in-sensor computing
    • 6.2.3. Improved energy efficiency in 6G Communications: European Commission Hexa-X Project
    • 6.2.4. Static context header compression and fragmentation for ZED
    • 6.2.5. Wireless sensor networks
    • 6.2.6. Ultra-low power radio module and smartphone
    • 6.2.7. Other energy efficient sensing, processing and new power transfer options for 6G and IOT
  • 6.3. Component-level energy saving: Ultra-low power integrated circuits, low power displays and other
    • 6.3.1. Overview
    • 6.3.2. Ultra-low power integrated circuits
    • 6.3.3. Low power displays and other

7. Battery elimination, supercapacitors, variants and massless energy for battery-free 6G ZED

  • 7.1. Overview
  • 7.2. Spectrum of choice - capacitor to supercapacitor to battery
  • 7.3. Lithium-ion capacitor features
  • 7.4. Actual and potential major applications of supercapacitors and their derivatives 2024-2044
  • 7.5. SWOT appraisal of batteryless storage technologies for ZED
  • 7.6. Examples of ZED enabled by supercapacitors and variants
    • 7.6.1. Bicycle dynamo with supercapacitor or electrolytic capacitor
    • 7.6.2. IOT ZED enabled by LIC hybrid supercapacitor
    • 7.6.3. Supercapacitors in medical devices
  • 7.7. Massless energy - supercapacitor structural electronics
    • 7.7.1. Review
    • 7.7.2. Imperial College London, Texas A&M University, University of California San Diego, 5 others
    • 7.7.3. Structural supercapacitors for electronics and devices: Vanderbilt University USA
    • 7.7.4. Transparent structural supercapacitors on optoelectronic devices
  • 7.8. Research pipeline: Supercapacitors
  • 7.9. Research pipeline: Hybrid approaches
  • 7.10. Research pipeline: Pseudocapacitors