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青黴素市場 - 全球行業規模、份額、趨勢、機會和預測，2018-2028 年，按產品、按類型、按管理途徑、按最終用戶、按地區、競爭
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1255231

青黴素市場 - 全球行業規模、份額、趨勢、機會和預測，2018-2028 年，按產品、按類型、按管理途徑、按最終用戶、按地區、競爭

Penicillin Market - Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Opportunity, and Forecast, 2018-2028 Segmented by Product, By Type, By Route of Administration, By End User, By Region and Competition
出版日期: | 出版商: TechSci Research | 英文 119 Pages | 商品交期: 2-3個工作天內

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簡介目錄

全球青黴素市場預計在預測期內將出現顯著增長。

這可能與下呼吸道感染、瘧疾、肺結核等傳染病高發有關。 2020年，非洲是每10萬人結核病發病率最高的地區。 患病率約為 220。 同樣，美洲報告每 100,000 人中大約有 29 例新結核病病例。 此外，世界各地的政府機構、製藥和生物技術公司加大力度和投資開發新型抗生素，也顯著增加了全球對青黴素的需求。 此外，醫療保健領域越來越多地採用新藥正在推動全球青黴素市場的增長。 此外，對新療法的認識不斷提高將在未來幾年進一步增加對青黴素的需求，從而支持市場的增長。

各類傳染病的傳播

細菌感染的頻率與日俱增。 細菌感染增加的主要原因是衛生條件差，飯前做飯前不洗手，打噴嚏不遮蓋，衛生習慣差。 這大大增加了對抗生素的需求，從而在預測期內為青黴素市場提供了有利可圖的增長機會。 2021 年，意大利每日處方抗生素消費量約為每 1,000 人 13 劑。 同樣，在以公共交通為主要通訊方式的低收入和中等收入國家，大多數細菌感染的傳播都是通過公共交通傳播的，從而增加了對抗生素和青黴素的需求。市場增長機會正在顯現創建。

擴大研發活動

細菌中抗生素耐藥性的增加和各種傳染性細菌感染的流行正在推動生物技術和製藥公司開發新的和先進的治療方法和產品。 因此，有望為青黴素市場的增長創造新的前景。 根據 clinicaltrials.gov 的數據，大約有 93 項與青黴素相關的臨床試驗，分階段進行。 同樣，新藥審批流程的改進也有望推動多年來的市場增長。 2020年，默克（Merck）公司獲得美國 FDA 對 RECARBRIO 額外新藥申請的審查批准，用於 HABP/VABP 。 日益加重的傳染病負擔迫使政府和非政府組織投資研發活動，進一步推動新抗生素的開發，並為新藥開發設定新方向。

近期發展

  • 2022 8 月，PAION AG 在德國推出了 XERAVA（eravacycline），用於治療成人復雜性腹腔內感染 (cIAI)。
  • 2021 年 10 月，GSK 的頭孢類抗生素分公司被諾華收購。 如今，憑藉在 100 多個市場獨家擁有三個知名品牌，我們已成為世界領先的抗生素製造商。

可自定義

根據市場數據，TechSci Research 根據公司的具體需求提供定制服務。 該報告可以定制為：

公司信息

  • 對其他市場參與者（最多 5 家公司）進行深入分析和概況分析。

內容

第 1 章概述

  • 市場定義
  • 市場範圍
    • 目標市場
    • 研究目標年份
    • 主要市場細分

第二章研究方法論

  • 調查目的
  • 基線調查方法
  • 主要行業合作夥伴
  • 主要協會和次要信息
  • 調查方法
  • 數據三角測量和驗證
  • 假設和限制

第 3 章執行摘要

  • 市場概覽
  • 主要市場細分概述
  • 主要市場參與者概覽
  • 主要地區/國家概覽
  • 市場驅動因素、挑戰和趨勢

第 4 章 VOC（客戶之聲）

第5章臨床試驗分析

  • 正在進行的臨床試驗
  • 已完成臨床試驗
  • 已完成臨床試驗
  • 管道細分，按開發階段
  • 管道細分，按狀態
  • 按研究類型劃分的管道細分
  • 按地區劃分的渠道細分
  • 臨床試驗熱圖

第六章全球青黴素市場展望

  • 市場規模和預測
    • 按金額/數量
  • 市場份額和預測
    • 按產品（散裝、配藥）
    • 按類型（氨基青黴素、抗菌青黴素、β-內□胺□抑製劑等）
    • 通過給藥途徑（口服、肌肉注射、靜脈注射）
    • 最終用戶（醫院/診所、製藥/生物技術公司、學術/研究機構）
    • 按地區（北美、歐洲、亞太地區、南美、中東/非洲）
    • 按公司分類（2022 年）
  • 市場地圖
    • 按產品分類
    • 通過使用
    • 按技術
    • 按原材料
    • 按地區

第七章北美青黴素市場展望

  • 市場規模和預測
    • 按金額/數量
  • 市場份額和預測
    • 按產品分類
    • 按類型
    • 按給藥途徑
    • 最終用戶
    • 按國家
  • 北美：國家/地區分析
    • 美國
    • 加拿大
    • 墨西哥

第八章歐洲青黴素市場展望

  • 市場規模和預測
    • 按金額/數量
  • 市場份額和預測
    • 按產品分類
    • 按類型
    • 按給藥途徑
    • 最終用戶
    • 按國家
  • 歐洲：國家分析
    • 法國
    • 德國
    • 英國
    • 意大利
    • 西班牙

第9章亞太青黴素市場展望

  • 市場規模和預測
    • 按金額/數量
  • 市場份額和預測
    • 按產品分類
    • 按類型
    • 按給藥途徑
    • 最終用戶
    • 按國家
  • 亞太地區：國家/地區分析
    • 中國
    • 印度
    • 日本
    • 韓國
    • 澳大利亞

第十章南美青黴素市場展望

  • 市場規模和預測
    • 按金額/數量
  • 市場份額和預測
    • 按產品分類
    • 按類型
    • 按給藥途徑
    • 最終用戶
    • 按國家
  • 南美洲：國家分析
    • 巴西
    • 阿根廷
    • 哥倫比亞

第11章中東和非洲青黴素市場展望

  • 市場規模和預測
    • 按金額/數量
  • 市場份額和預測
    • 按產品分類
    • 按類型
    • 按給藥途徑
    • 最終用戶
    • 按國家
  • MEA：國家分析
    • 南非青黴素
    • 沙特阿拉伯的青黴素
    • 阿聯酋青黴素

第 12 章市場動態

  • 主持人
    • 傳染病的傳播
    • 啟動研發活動
    • 政府政策和舉措
  • 任務
    • 抗菌素耐藥性的發展
    • 嚴格的監管場景

第13章市場趨勢與發展

  • 近期趨勢
  • 併購
  • 產品公告

第 14 章全球青黴素市場：SWOT 分析

第15章競爭格局

  • Astellas Pharma Inc.
  • Novartis International AG
  • GlaxoSmithKline plc
  • Pfizer Inc.
  • Merck Co. & Inc.
  • F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.
  • Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • Sanofi Aventis SA
  • MiddleBrook Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
  • Gilead Sciences Inc.

第 16 章戰略建議

簡介目錄
Product Code: 14275

The global penicillin market is anticipated to witness impressive growth during the forecast period. This can be ascribed to the high prevalence of infectious diseases such as lower respiratory infections, malaria, and tuberculosis, among others. In 2020, Africa had the highest prevalence of tuberculosis incidence per 100 000 population. The incidence rate was about 220. Similarly, the Americas reported some 29 new cases of tuberculosis per 100,000 inhabitants. Additionally, growing initiatives and investments by government organizations and pharmaceutical & biotechnology companies across the globe for developing novel antibiotics have significantly increased the demand for penicillin worldwide. Additionally, the growing adoption of new drugs in the healthcare sector has significantly increased, thereby supporting the growth of global penicillin market. Besides, increasing awareness about novel treatments will further increase the demand for penicillin in the coming years, thereby supporting market growth.

Growing Prevalence of Various Types of Infections

Every day the frequency of bacterial infections is increasing. The main reason for increasing bacterial infection is not maintaining proper health, not washing hands before eating or cooking, sneezing without covering, and poor sanitation and hygiene practices. This has significantly increased the demand for antibiotics, thereby creating lucrative growth opportunities for the penicillin market during the forecast period. In 2021, the daily defined dose of antibiotics consumption in Italy was around 13 per 1,000 inhabitants. Similarly, in low and middle-income countries, public transport is the main source of communication, and most of the spread of bacterial infections is being witnessed due to the use of public transport, thereby increasing the demand for antibiotics and creating opportunities for the growth of the penicillin market.

Expanding Research & Development Activities

The growing incidence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria and the increasing prevalence of various communicable bacterial infections have made biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies focus on developing new and advanced therapies and products. This, in turn, is expected to create new prospects for the growth of the penicillin market. According to clinicaltrials.gov, there are around 93 clinical trials related to penicillin that are under different phases. Similarly, betterment in the new drug approval process is expected to boost market growth over the years. In 2020, Merck received an acceptance for a review of a supplemental new drug application from the U.S. FDA for RECARBRIO intended for HABP/VABP. The growing burden of infectious diseases is compelling government and non-government organizations to invest in research and development activities that will further boost the development of novel antibiotics and create new policies for the development of new drugs.

Market Segmentation

The global penicillin market can be segmented by product, type, route of administration, end-user, and by region. Based on the product, the market can be divided into Bulk and Dosage. Based on type, the market can be segmented into Aminopenicillin, Antipseudomonal Penicillin, Beta Lactamase Inhibitor, and Others. Based on the route of administration, the market can be differentiated into Oral, Intramuscular, and Intravenous. Based on end users, the market can be grouped into Hospitals & Clinics, Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology Companies, and Academic & Research Institutions. Regionally, North America dominated the market among Asia Pacific, Europe, the Middle East & Africa, and South America. Among the different countries, the United States dominated the global penicillin market on account of the increasing prevalence of infectious in the country. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the number of visits to physician offices for infectious and parasitic diseases is around 7.2 million.

Recent Developments

  • In August 2022, PAION AG launched XERAVA (eravacycline), in Germany, for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAI) in adults.
  • In October 2021, the Cephalosporin antibiotics branch of GSK was purchased by Novartis. It is currently the exclusive owner of three well-known brands in more than 100 markets, establishing its position as the top manufacturer of antibiotics across the globe.

Market Players

Astellas Pharma Inc., Novartis International AG, GlaxoSmithKline plc, Pfizer Inc., Merck Co. & Inc., F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd., Sanofi Aventis SA, MiddleBrook Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Gilead Sciences Inc. are some of the leading players operating in the Global Penicillin Market.

Report Scope

In this report, global penicillin market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends, which have also been detailed below:

Penicillin Market, By Product:

  • Bulk
  • Dosage

Penicillin Market, By Type:

  • Aminopenicillin
  • Antipseudomonal Penicillin
  • Beta Lactamase Inhibitor
  • Others

Penicillin Market, By Route of Administration:

  • Oral
  • Intramuscular
  • Intravenous

Penicillin Market, By Route of End User:

  • Hospitals & Clinics
  • Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology Companies
  • Academic & Research Institutions

Penicillin Market, By Region:

  • North America
    • United States
    • Canada
    • Mexico
  • Europe
    • France
    • Germany
    • United Kingdom
    • Italy
    • Spain
  • Asia Pacific
    • China
    • India
    • Japan
    • South Korea
    • Australia
  • South America
    • Brazil
    • Argentina
    • Colombia
  • Middle East & Africa
    • South Africa
    • Saudi Arabia
    • UAE

Competitive Landscape

Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the Global Penicillin Market.

Available Customizations

With the given market data, TechSci Research offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:

Company Information

  • Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up to five).

Table of Contents

1. Product Overview

  • 1.1. Market Definition
  • 1.2. Scope of the Market
    • 1.2.1. Markets Covered
    • 1.2.2. Years Considered for Study
    • 1.2.3. Key Market Segmentations

2. Research Methodology

  • 2.1. Objective of the Study
  • 2.2. Baseline Methodology
  • 2.3. Key Industry Partners
  • 2.4. Major Association and Secondary Sources
  • 2.5. Forecasting Methodology
  • 2.6. Data Triangulation & Validation
  • 2.7. Assumptions and Limitations

3. Executive Summary

  • 3.1. Overview of the Market
  • 3.2. Overview of Key Market Segmentations
  • 3.3. Overview of Key Market Players
  • 3.4. Overview of Key Regions/Countries
  • 3.5. Overview of Market Drivers, Challenges, Trends

4. Voice of Customer

5. Clinical Trial Analysis

  • 5.1. Ongoing Clinical Trials
  • 5.2. Completed Clinical Trials
  • 5.3. Terminated Clinical Trials
  • 5.4. Breakdown of Pipeline, By Development Phase
  • 5.5. Breakdown of Pipeline, By Status
  • 5.6. Breakdown of Pipeline, By Study Type
  • 5.7. Breakdown of Pipeline, By Region
  • 5.8. Clinical Trials Heat Map

6. Global Penicillin Market Outlook

  • 6.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 6.1.1. By Value & Volume
  • 6.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 6.2.1. By Product (Bulk, Dosage)
    • 6.2.2. By Type (Aminopenicillin, Antipseudomonal Penicillin, Beta Lactamase Inhibitor, Others)
    • 6.2.3. By Route of Administration (Oral, Intramuscular, Intravenous)
    • 6.2.4. By End User (Hospitals & Clinics, Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology Companies, Academic & Research Institutions)
    • 6.2.5. By Region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East & Africa)
    • 6.2.6. By Company (2022)
  • 6.3. Market Map
    • 6.3.1. By Product
    • 6.3.2. By Application
    • 6.3.3. By Technique
    • 6.3.4. By Source
    • 6.3.5. By Region

7. North America Penicillin Market Outlook

  • 7.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 7.1.1. By Value & Volume
  • 7.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 7.2.1. By Product
    • 7.2.2. By Type
    • 7.2.3. By Route of Administration
    • 7.2.4. By End User
    • 7.2.5. By Country
  • 7.3. North America: Country Analysis
    • 7.3.1. United States Penicillin Market Outlook
      • 7.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.1.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 7.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.1.2.1. By Product
        • 7.3.1.2.2. By Type
        • 7.3.1.2.3. By Route of Administration
        • 7.3.1.2.4. By End User
    • 7.3.2. Canada Penicillin Market Outlook
      • 7.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.2.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 7.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.2.2.1. By Product
        • 7.3.2.2.2. By Type
        • 7.3.2.2.3. By Route of Administration
        • 7.3.2.2.4. By End User
    • 7.3.3. Mexico Penicillin Market Outlook
      • 7.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.3.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 7.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.3.2.1. By Product
        • 7.3.3.2.2. By Type
        • 7.3.3.2.3. By Route of Administration
        • 7.3.3.2.4. By End User

8. Europe Penicillin Market Outlook

  • 8.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 8.1.1. By Value & Volume
  • 8.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 8.2.1. By Product
    • 8.2.2. By Type
    • 8.2.3. By Route of Administration
    • 8.2.4. By End User
    • 8.2.5. By Country
  • 8.3. Europe: Country Analysis
    • 8.3.1. France Penicillin Market Outlook
      • 8.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.1.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 8.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.1.2.1. By Product
        • 8.3.1.2.2. By Type
        • 8.3.1.2.3. By Route of Administration
        • 8.3.1.2.4. By End User
    • 8.3.2. Germany Penicillin Market Outlook
      • 8.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.2.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 8.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.2.2.1. By Product
        • 8.3.2.2.2. By Type
        • 8.3.2.2.3. By Route of Administration
        • 8.3.2.2.4. By End User
    • 8.3.3. United Kingdom Penicillin Market Outlook
      • 8.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.3.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 8.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.3.2.1. By Product
        • 8.3.3.2.2. By Type
        • 8.3.3.2.3. By Route of Administration
        • 8.3.3.2.4. By End User
    • 8.3.4. Italy Penicillin Market Outlook
      • 8.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.4.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 8.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.4.2.1. By Product
        • 8.3.4.2.2. By Type
        • 8.3.4.2.3. By Route of Administration
        • 8.3.4.2.4. By End User
    • 8.3.5. Spain Penicillin Market Outlook
      • 8.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.5.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 8.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.5.2.1. By Product
        • 8.3.5.2.2. By Type
        • 8.3.5.2.3. By Route of Administration
        • 8.3.5.2.4. By End User

9. Asia-Pacific Penicillin Market Outlook

  • 9.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 9.1.1. By Value & Volume
  • 9.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 9.2.1. By Product
    • 9.2.2. By Type
    • 9.2.3. By Route of Administration
    • 9.2.4. By End User
    • 9.2.5. By Country
  • 9.3. Asia-Pacific: Country Analysis
    • 9.3.1. China Penicillin Market Outlook
      • 9.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.1.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 9.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.1.2.1. By Product
        • 9.3.1.2.2. By Type
        • 9.3.1.2.3. By Route of Administration
        • 9.3.1.2.4. By End User
    • 9.3.2. India Penicillin Market Outlook
      • 9.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.2.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 9.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.2.2.1. By Product
        • 9.3.2.2.2. By Type
        • 9.3.2.2.3. By Route of Administration
        • 9.3.2.2.4. By End User
    • 9.3.3. Japan Penicillin Market Outlook
      • 9.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.3.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 9.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.3.2.1. By Product
        • 9.3.3.2.2. By Type
        • 9.3.3.2.3. By Route of Administration
        • 9.3.3.2.4. By End User
    • 9.3.4. South Korea Penicillin Market Outlook
      • 9.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.4.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 9.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.4.2.1. By Product
        • 9.3.4.2.2. By Type
        • 9.3.4.2.3. By Route of Administration
        • 9.3.4.2.4. By End User
    • 9.3.5. Australia Penicillin Market Outlook
      • 9.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.5.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 9.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.5.2.1. By Product
        • 9.3.5.2.2. By Type
        • 9.3.5.2.3. By Route of Administration
        • 9.3.5.2.4. By End User

10. South America Penicillin Market Outlook

  • 10.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 10.1.1. By Value & Volume
  • 10.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 10.2.1. By Product
    • 10.2.2. By Type
    • 10.2.3. By Route of Administration
    • 10.2.4. By End User
    • 10.2.5. By Country
  • 10.3. South America: Country Analysis
    • 10.3.1. Brazil Penicillin Market Outlook
      • 10.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.1.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 10.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.1.2.1. By Product
        • 10.3.1.2.2. By Type
        • 10.3.1.2.3. By Route of Administration
        • 10.3.1.2.4. By End User
    • 10.3.2. Argentina Penicillin Market Outlook
      • 10.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.2.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 10.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.2.2.1. By Product
        • 10.3.2.2.2. By Type
        • 10.3.2.2.3. By Route of Administration
        • 10.3.2.2.4. By End User
    • 10.3.3. Colombia Penicillin Market Outlook
      • 10.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.3.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 10.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.3.2.1. By Product
        • 10.3.3.2.2. By Type
        • 10.3.3.2.3. By Route of Administration
        • 10.3.3.2.4. By End User

11. Middle East and Africa Penicillin Market Outlook

  • 11.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 11.1.1. By Value & Volume
  • 11.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 11.2.1. By Product
    • 11.2.2. By Type
    • 11.2.3. By Route of Administration
    • 11.2.4. By End User
    • 11.2.5. By Country
  • 11.3. MEA: Country Analysis
    • 11.3.1. South Africa Penicillin Market Outlook
      • 11.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 11.3.1.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 11.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 11.3.1.2.1. By Product
        • 11.3.1.2.2. By Type
        • 11.3.1.2.3. By Route of Administration
        • 11.3.1.2.4. By End User
    • 11.3.2. Saudi Arabia Penicillin Market Outlook
      • 11.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 11.3.2.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 11.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 11.3.2.2.1. By Product
        • 11.3.2.2.2. By Type
        • 11.3.2.2.3. By Route of Administration
        • 11.3.2.2.4. By End User
    • 11.3.3. UAE Penicillin Market Outlook
      • 11.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 11.3.3.1.1. By Value & Volume
      • 11.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 11.3.3.2.1. By Product
        • 11.3.3.2.2. By Type
        • 11.3.3.2.3. By Route of Administration
        • 11.3.3.2.4. By End User

12. Market Dynamics

  • 12.1. Drivers
    • 12.1.1. Growing Prevalence of Infectious Diseases
    • 12.1.2. Rise in Research & Development Activities
    • 12.1.3. Supportive Government Policies & Initiatives
  • 12.2. Challenges
    • 12.2.1. Development of Antibacterial Resistance
    • 12.2.2. Stringent Regulatory Scenario

13. Market Trends & Developments

  • 13.1. Recent Developments
  • 13.2. Mergers & Acquisitions
  • 13.3. Product Launches

14. Global Penicillin Market: SWOT Analysis

15. Competitive Landscape

  • 15.1. Business Overview
  • 15.2. Product Offerings
  • 15.3. Recent Developments
  • 15.4. Financials (As Reported)
  • 15.5. Key Personnel
    • 15.5.1. Astellas Pharma Inc.
    • 15.5.2. Novartis International AG
    • 15.5.3. GlaxoSmithKline plc
    • 15.5.4. Pfizer Inc.
    • 15.5.5. Merck Co. & Inc.
    • 15.5.6. F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.
    • 15.5.7. Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd.
    • 15.5.8. Sanofi Aventis SA
    • 15.5.9. MiddleBrook Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
    • 15.5.10. Gilead Sciences Inc.

16. Strategic Recommendations