查看購物車
  • Simplified Chinese
  • English
封面
市場調查報告書
商品編碼
1462930

快速液體印刷市場，按產品類型、按工業垂直類型、按應用、按國家和地區 - 2024-2032 年行業分析、市場規模、市場佔有率和預測

Rapid Liquid Printing Market, By Product Type, By Industrial Vertical Type, By Application, By Country, and By Region - Industry Analysis, Market Size, Market Share & Forecast from 2024-2032
出版日期: | 出版商: AnalystView Market Insights | 英文 289 Pages | 商品交期: 2-3個工作天內

價格

報告要點

2023年，快速液體印刷市場規模為5,245萬美元，2024年至2032年複合CAGR為54.5%。

快速液體印刷市場-市場動態

3D列印材料持續創新推動市場需求

3D列印材料的持續創新是快速液體列印市場的關鍵催化劑。材料科學家和製造商正在不斷擴大與液體 3D 列印方法相容的金屬、合金和複合材料的範圍。雖然雷射粉末床熔融等技術最初實現了鈷鉻合金和鋁等常見結構合金的列印，但化學和生物相容性材料開發的不斷進步正在擴大積層製造的範圍。液態 3D 列印現在促進了活性金屬、鈦合金和特殊不銹鋼的生產，這些材料對於醫療植入物、高性能渦輪機和其他關鍵任務應用至關重要。作為所有 3D 列印技術中速度最快的技術，開發客製化產品的便利性以及使用工業級材料進行列印的能力是推動液體列印市場快速成長的重要因素。此外，增強製造流程和簡化供應鏈管理的潛力進一步有助於預期的市場成長。

快速液體印刷市場 - 關鍵見解

根據我們的研究分析師分享的分析，預計全球市場在預測期內（2024-2032 年）每年將以 54.5% 左右的CAGR成長

根據產品類型細分，預計服務將在 2023 年呈現最大市場佔有率

基於工業垂直類型細分，汽車是2023年的主導類型

按地區分類，北美是 2023 年的主要收入來源

快速液體印刷市場-細分分析：

全球快速液體印刷市場根據產品類型、工業垂直類型、應用和地區進行細分。

市場依產品類型分為三類：印表機、服務和材料。預計服務快速液體印刷市場將佔據主導地位，在預測期內展現出該產業的主導地位。這種激增是由客製化設計和製造需求的預期成長所推動的。隨著越來越多的公司進入 3D 列印服務領域，預計有一些公司將快速液體列印機整合到其製造流程中。與傳統製造方法相比，快速液體印刷技術有助於生產具有複雜幾何形狀的產品，並提供具有競爭力的價格。因此，各行業的眾多公司預計將外包整個生產流程（從設計到製造），以在競爭激烈的市場中保持競爭力。因此，快速液體印刷服務市場將迎來最高的成長率。

根據工業垂直類型，市場分為八類：消費品、時尚、汽車、醫療保健、航太與國防、公用事業、建築等。在汽車垂直領域，快速液體列印市場預計將在預測期內佔據主導佔有率。這種主導地位主要是由於混合動力汽車和電池驅動汽車的需求不斷成長，以及自動駕駛汽車的發展推動了全球汽車產業的成長。此外，對電動和自動駕駛汽車的需求不斷成長預計將刺激對新型汽車零件和增強引擎設計的需求。採用 3D 列印技術來降低車輛的整體製造成本並增強內裝設計預計將進一步推動汽車垂直領域 3D 列印技術的市場。

快速液體印刷市場 - 地理洞察

從地理來看，該市場廣泛分佈於北美、拉丁美洲、歐洲、亞太、中東和非洲地區。這些區域根據開展業務的國家進一步分類。

快速液體印刷市場-競爭格局：

在 RLP 市場中，公司策略性地參與合作夥伴關係，以增強其能力並加強其影響力。這些合作包括與材料供應商結盟以獲得各種可列印材料，與設計公司合作提供客製化解決方案，以及與技術公司或研究機構合作以推動創新並保持動態積層製造領域的競爭力。

最近的發展：

2024 年 1 月，麻省理工學院 (MIT) 的研究人員開發了一種新型積層製造技術，能夠使用液態金屬快速列印。這項創新能夠在幾分鐘內生產出桌腳和椅子框架等大型零件，展現了該領域進步的潛力。

目錄

第1章：快速液體印刷市場概述

  • 研究範圍
  • 市場預估年份

第 2 章：執行摘要

  • 市場片段
    • 按產品類型分類的快速液體印刷市場片段
    • 工業垂直類型快速液體印刷市場片段
    • 快速液體印刷市場片段（按應用）
    • 按國家/地區分類的快速液體印刷市場片段
    • 按地區分類的快速液體印刷市場片段
  • 競爭洞察

第 3 章：快速液體印刷主要市場趨勢

  • 快速液體印刷市場促進因素
    • 市場促進因素的影響分析
  • 快速液體印刷市場限制
    • 市場限制影響分析
  • 快速液體印刷市場機遇
  • 快速液體印刷市場未來趨勢

第 4 章：快速液體印刷產業研究

  • PEST分析
  • 波特五力分析
  • 成長前景圖
  • 規範架構分析

第 5 章：快速液體印刷市場：COVID-19 影響分析

  • COVID-19 之前的影響分析
  • COVID-19 後影響分析
    • 表現最佳的市場區隔
    • 邊際成長市場區隔
    • 最寬鬆的市場區隔
    • 邊際損失市場區隔

第 6 章：快速液體印刷市場格局

  • 2023 年快速液體印刷市場佔有率分析
  • 按主要製造商分類的故障數據
    • 既有參與者分析
    • 新興參與者分析

第 7 章：快速液體印刷市場 - 按產品類型

  • 概述
    • 按產品類型分類的細分市場佔有率分析
    • 印表機
    • 服務
    • 材料

第 8 章：快速液體印刷市場 - 按工業垂直類型

  • 概述
    • 按行業垂直類型分類的細分市場佔有率分析
    • 消費性產品
    • 時尚
    • 汽車
    • 衛生保健
    • 航太與國防
    • 公用事業
    • 建造
    • 其他

第 9 章：快速液體印刷市場 - 按應用

  • 概述
    • 按應用分類的細分市場佔有率分析
    • 原型製作
    • 功能/最終用途零件製造
    • 工裝

第 10 章：快速液體印刷市場 - 按地理位置

  • 介紹
    • 按地理位置分類的細分市場佔有率分析
  • 北美洲
    • 概述
    • 北美快速液體印刷主要製造商
    • 北美市場規模和預測（按國家）
    • 北美市場規模和預測（按產品類型）
    • 北美市場規模及預測（依工業垂直類型）
    • 北美市場規模和預測（按應用）
    • 美國
    • 加拿大
  • 歐洲
    • 概述
    • 歐洲快速液體印刷主要製造商
    • 歐洲市場規模和預測（按國家）
    • 歐洲市場規模和預測（按產品類型）
    • 歐洲市場規模和預測（按工業垂直類型）
    • 歐洲市場規模和預測（按應用）
    • 德國
    • 義大利
    • 英國
    • 法國
    • 俄羅斯
    • 荷蘭
    • 瑞典
    • 波蘭
    • 歐洲其他地區
  • 亞太地區 (APAC)
    • 概述
    • 亞太地區快速液體印刷主要製造商
    • 亞太地區市場規模與預測（按國家）
    • 亞太地區市場規模與預測（依產品類型）
    • 亞太地區市場規模及預測（依工業垂直類型）
    • 亞太地區市場規模與預測（按應用）
    • 印度
    • 中國
    • 日本
    • 韓國
    • 澳洲
    • 泰國
    • 印尼
    • 菲律賓
    • 亞太地區其他地區
  • 拉丁美洲
    • 概述
    • 拉丁美洲快速液體印刷主要製造商
    • 拉丁美洲市場規模與預測（按國家）
    • 拉丁美洲市場規模與預測（按產品類型）
    • 拉丁美洲市場規模和預測（按工業垂直類型）
    • 拉丁美洲市場規模與預測（按應用）
    • 巴西
    • 墨西哥
    • 阿根廷
    • 哥倫比亞
    • 拉丁美洲其他地區
  • 中東和非洲
    • 概述
    • 中東和非洲快速液體印刷主要製造商
    • 中東和非洲市場規模及預測（按國家）
    • 中東和非洲市場規模及預測（按產品類型）
    • 中東和非洲市場規模及預測（按工業垂直類型）
    • 中東和非洲市場規模及預測（按應用）
    • 沙烏地阿拉伯
    • 阿拉伯聯合大公國
    • 以色列
    • 土耳其
    • 阿爾及利亞
    • 埃及
    • MEA 的其餘部分

第 11 章：主要供應商分析 - 快速液體印刷產業

  • 競爭儀表板
  • 公司簡介
    • Steelcase
    • Stratasys
    • D Systems
    • Materilise
    • ExOne
    • EOS
    • Dassault Systemes
    • Autodesk
    • Others

第 12 章：360 度分析師視角

第 13 章：附錄

  • 研究方法論
  • 參考
  • 縮寫
  • 免責聲明
  • 聯絡我們
Product Code: ANV2388

REPORT HIGHLIGHT

Rapid Liquid Printing Market size was valued at USD 52.45 Million in 2023, expanding at a CAGR of 54.5% from 2024 to 2032.

Rapid liquid printing technology harnesses the capabilities of a robotic system and excels in producing objects of varying sizes. Unlike traditional layer-by-layer methods, rapid liquid printing involves swiftly shaping objects in space within a liquid gel suspension, rather than incrementally building up layers. This cutting-edge 3D printing technology, known as Rapid Liquid Printing (RLP), employs a robotic arm to extrude materials in gel form, facilitating the rapid creation of large-scale, intricately designed objects.

Rapid Liquid Printing Market- Market Dynamics

Continued innovation in 3D printing materials to propel market demand

Continued innovation in 3D printing materials serves as a key catalyst for the rapid liquid printing market. Material scientists and manufacturers are continuously expanding the array of metals, alloys, and composites compatible with liquid-based 3D printing methods. While technologies such as laser powder bed fusion initially enabled the printing of common structural alloys like cobalt chrome and aluminum, ongoing advancements in chemical and bio-compatible material development are broadening the scope of additive manufacturing. Liquid 3D printing now facilitates the production of reactive metals, titanium alloys, and specialized stainless steels crucial for medical implants, high-performance turbines, and other mission-critical applications. Being the fastest among all 3D printing technologies, the ease of developing customized products, and the capability to print using industrial-grade materials are significant factors propelling the growth of the rapid liquid printing market. Additionally, the potential to enhance manufacturing processes and streamline supply chain management further contributes to anticipated market growth.

Rapid Liquid Printing Market- Key Insights

As per the analysis shared by our research analyst, the global market is estimated to grow annually at a CAGR of around 54.5% over the forecast period (2024-2032)

Based on Product Type segmentation, services was predicted to show maximum market share in the year 2023

Based on Industrial Vertical Type segmentation, automotive was the leading type in 2023

On the basis of region, North America was the leading revenue generator in 2023

Rapid Liquid Printing Market- Segmentation Analysis:

The Global Rapid Liquid Printing Market is segmented on the basis of Product Type, Industrial Vertical Type, Application, and Region.

The market is divided into three categories based on Product Type: Printers, Services and Materials. It is anticipated the rapid liquid printing market for services will take the lead, showcasing dominance in the industry during the forecast period. This surge is propelled by the projected rise in demand for custom design and manufacturing. With an increasing number of companies entering the realm of 3D printing services, several are expected to integrate rapid liquid printers into their manufacturing processes. Rapid liquid printing technology facilitates the production of products with intricate geometries and offers competitive pricing compared to traditional manufacturing methods. Consequently, numerous companies across industries are expected to outsource the entire production process-from design to manufacturing-to maintain competitiveness in highly competitive markets. As a result, the market for rapid liquid printing services is poised to experience the highest growth rate.

The market is divided into eight categories based on Industrial Vertical Type: Consumer Products, Fashion, Automotive, Healthcare, Aerospace & Defense, Utility, Construction and Others. In the automotive vertical, the rapid liquid printing market is projected to capture a dominant share during the forecast period. This dominance is primarily fueled by the rising demand for hybrid vehicles and battery-operated vehicles, as well as the development of autonomous vehicles, which drives growth in the global automotive industry. Additionally, the increasing demand for electric and autonomous vehicles is expected to stimulate the need for new automobile components and enhanced engine design. The adoption of 3D printing technologies to reduce overall manufacturing costs of vehicles and enhance interior designs is anticipated to further fuel the market for 3D printing technologies in the automotive vertical.

Rapid Liquid Printing Market- Geographical Insights

Geographically, this market is widespread into the regions of North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Middle East and Africa. These regions are further divided as per the nations bringing business.

Rapid Liquid Printing Market- Competitive Landscape:

In the RLP market, companies strategically engage in partnerships to enhance their capabilities and strengthen their presence. These collaborations encompass alliances with material suppliers to access a diverse range of printable materials, partnerships with design firms to offer customized solutions, and collaborations with technology firms or research institutions to drive innovation and maintain competitiveness in the dynamic additive manufacturing sector.

Recent Developments:

In January 2024, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) developed a novel additive manufacturing technique capable of rapidly printing with liquid metal. This innovation enables the production of large-scale parts such as table legs and chair frames within a matter of minutes, showcasing the potential of advancements in this field.

SCOPE OF THE REPORT

The scope of this report covers the market by its major segments, which include as follows:

GLOBAL RAPID LIQUID PRINTING MARKET KEY PLAYERS- DETAILED COMPETITIVE INSIGHT

Steelcase

Stratasys

3D Systems

Materilise

ExOne

EOS

Dassault Systemes

Autodesk

Others

GLOBAL RAPID LIQUID PRINTING MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE - MARKET ANALYSIS, 2019 - 2032

  • Printers
  • Services
  • Materials

GLOBAL RAPID LIQUID PRINTING MARKET, BY INDUSTRIAL VERTICAL TYPE- MARKET ANALYSIS, 2019 - 2032

  • Consumer Products
  • Fashion
  • Automotive
  • Healthcare
  • Aerospace & Defense
  • Utility
  • Construction
  • Others

GLOBAL RAPID LIQUID PRINTING MARKET, BY APPLICATION- MARKET ANALYSIS, 2019 - 2032

  • Prototyping
  • Functional/End-Use Part Manufacturing
  • Tooling

GLOBAL RAPID LIQUID PRINTING MARKET, BY REGION- MARKET ANALYSIS, 2019 - 2032

  • North America
  • The U.S.
  • Canada
  • Europe
  • Germany
  • France
  • Italy
  • Spain
  • United Kingdom
  • Russia
  • Netherlands
  • Sweden
  • Poland
  • Rest of Europe
  • Asia Pacific
  • India
  • China
  • South Korea
  • Japan
  • Australia
  • Thailand
  • Indonesia
  • Philippines
  • Rest of APAC
  • Latin America
  • Brazil
  • Mexico
  • Argentina
  • Colombia
  • Rest of LATAM
  • The Middle East and Africa
  • Saudi Arabia
  • United Arab Emirates
  • Israel
  • Turkey
  • Algeria
  • Egypt
  • Rest of MEA

Table of Contents

1.Rapid Liquid Printing Market Overview

  • 1.1.Study Scope
  • 1.2.Market Estimation Years

2.Executive Summary

  • 2.1.Market Snippet
    • 2.1.1.Rapid Liquid Printing Market Snippet by Product Type
    • 2.1.2.Rapid Liquid Printing Market Snippet by Industrial Vertical Type
    • 2.1.3.Rapid Liquid Printing Market Snippet by Application
    • 2.1.4.Rapid Liquid Printing Market Snippet by Country
    • 2.1.5.Rapid Liquid Printing Market Snippet by Region
  • 2.2.Competitive Insights

3.Rapid Liquid Printing Key Market Trends

  • 3.1.Rapid Liquid Printing Market Drivers
    • 3.1.1.Impact Analysis of Market Drivers
  • 3.2.Rapid Liquid Printing Market Restraints
    • 3.2.1.Impact Analysis of Market Restraints
  • 3.3.Rapid Liquid Printing Market Opportunities
  • 3.4.Rapid Liquid Printing Market Future Trends

4.Rapid Liquid Printing Industry Study

  • 4.1.PEST Analysis
  • 4.2.Porter's Five Forces Analysis
  • 4.3.Growth Prospect Mapping
  • 4.4.Regulatory Framework Analysis

5.Rapid Liquid Printing Market: COVID-19 Impact Analysis

  • 5.1.Pre-COVID-19 Impact Analysis
  • 5.2.Post-COVID-19 Impact Analysis
    • 5.2.1.Top Performing Segments
    • 5.2.2.Marginal Growth Segments
    • 5.2.3.Top Looser Segments
    • 5.2.4.Marginal Loss Segments

6.Rapid Liquid Printing Market Landscape

  • 6.1.Rapid Liquid Printing Market Share Analysis, 2023
  • 6.2.Breakdown Data, by Key Manufacturer
    • 6.2.1.Established Players' Analysis
    • 6.2.2.Emerging Players' Analysis

7.Rapid Liquid Printing Market - By Product Type

  • 7.1.Overview
    • 7.1.1.Segment Share Analysis, By Product Type, 2023 & 2032 (%)
    • 7.1.2.Printers
    • 7.1.3.Services
    • 7.1.4.Materials

8.Rapid Liquid Printing Market - By Industrial Vertical Type

  • 8.1.Overview
    • 8.1.1.Segment Share Analysis, By Industrial Vertical Type, 2023 & 2032 (%)
    • 8.1.2.Consumer Products
    • 8.1.3.Fashion
    • 8.1.4.Automotive
    • 8.1.5.Healthcare
    • 8.1.6.Aerospace & Defense
    • 8.1.7.Utility
    • 8.1.8.Construction
    • 8.1.9.Others

9.Rapid Liquid Printing Market - By Application

  • 9.1.Overview
    • 9.1.1.Segment Share Analysis, By Application, 2023 & 2032 (%)
    • 9.1.2.Prototyping
    • 9.1.3.Functional/End-Use Part Manufacturing
    • 9.1.4.Tooling

10.Rapid Liquid Printing Market- By Geography

  • 10.1.Introduction
    • 10.1.1.Segment Share Analysis, By Geography, 2023 & 2032 (%)
  • 10.2.North America
    • 10.2.1.Overview
    • 10.2.2.Rapid Liquid Printing Key Manufacturers in North America
    • 10.2.3.North America Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.2.4.North America Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.2.5.North America Market Size and Forecast, By Industrial Vertical Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.2.6.North America Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.2.7.U.S.
      • 10.2.7.1.Overview
      • 10.2.7.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 10.2.7.3.U.S. Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.2.7.4.U.S. Market Size and Forecast, By Industrial Vertical Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.2.7.5.U.S. Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.2.8.Canada
      • 10.2.8.1.Overview
      • 10.2.8.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 10.2.8.3.Canada Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.2.8.4.Canada Market Size and Forecast, By Industrial Vertical Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.2.8.5.Canada Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
  • 10.3.Europe
    • 10.3.1.Overview
    • 10.3.2.Rapid Liquid Printing Key Manufacturers in Europe
    • 10.3.3.Europe Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.3.4.Europe Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.3.5.Europe Market Size and Forecast, By Industrial Vertical Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.3.6.Europe Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.3.7.Germany
      • 10.3.7.1.Overview
      • 10.3.7.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 10.3.7.3.Germany Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.3.7.4.Germany Market Size and Forecast, By Industrial Vertical Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.3.7.5.Germany Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.3.8.Italy
      • 10.3.8.1.Overview
      • 10.3.8.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 10.3.8.3.Italy Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.3.8.4.Italy Market Size and Forecast, By Industrial Vertical Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.3.8.5.Italy Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.3.9.United Kingdom
      • 10.3.9.1.Overview
      • 10.3.9.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 10.3.9.3.United Kingdom Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.3.9.4.United Kingdom Market Size and Forecast, By Industrial Vertical Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.3.9.5.United Kingdom Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.3.10.France
      • 10.3.10.1.Overview
      • 10.3.10.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 10.3.10.3.France Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.3.10.4.France Market Size and Forecast, By Industrial Vertical Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.3.10.5.France Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.3.11.Russia
      • 10.3.11.1.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 10.3.11.2.Russia Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.3.11.3.Russia Market Size and Forecast, By Industrial Vertical Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.3.11.4.Russia Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.3.12.Netherlands
      • 10.3.12.1.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 10.3.12.2.Netherlands Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.3.12.3.Netherlands Market Size and Forecast, By Industrial Vertical Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.3.12.4.Netherlands Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.3.13.Sweden
      • 10.3.13.1.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 10.3.13.2.Sweden Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.3.13.3.Sweden Market Size and Forecast, By Industrial Vertical Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.3.13.4.Sweden Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.3.14.Poland
      • 10.3.14.1.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 10.3.14.2.Poland Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.3.14.3.Poland Market Size and Forecast, By Industrial Vertical Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.3.14.4.Poland Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.3.15.Rest of Europe
      • 10.3.15.1.Overview
      • 10.3.15.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 10.3.15.3.Rest of the Europe Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.3.15.4.Rest of the Europe Market Size and Forecast, By Industrial Vertical Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.3.15.5.Rest of the Europe Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
  • 10.4.Asia Pacific (APAC)
    • 10.4.1.Overview
    • 10.4.2.Rapid Liquid Printing Key Manufacturers in Asia Pacific
    • 10.4.3.Asia Pacific Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.4.4.Asia Pacific Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.4.5.Asia Pacific Market Size and Forecast, By Industrial Vertical Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.4.6.Asia Pacific Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.4.7.India
      • 10.4.7.1.Overview
      • 10.4.7.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 10.4.7.3.India Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.4.7.4.India Market Size and Forecast, By Industrial Vertical Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.4.7.5.India Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.4.8.China
      • 10.4.8.1.Overview
      • 10.4.8.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 10.4.8.3.China Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.4.8.4.China Market Size and Forecast, By Industrial Vertical Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.4.8.5.China Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.4.9.Japan
      • 10.4.9.1.Overview
      • 10.4.9.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 10.4.9.3.Japan Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.4.9.4.Japan Market Size and Forecast, By Industrial Vertical Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.4.9.5.Japan Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.4.10.South Korea
      • 10.4.10.1.Overview
      • 10.4.10.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 10.4.10.3.South Korea Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.4.10.4.South Korea Market Size and Forecast, By Industrial Vertical Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.4.10.5.South Korea Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.4.11.Australia
      • 10.4.11.1.Overview
      • 10.4.11.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 10.4.11.3.Australia Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.4.11.4.Australia Market Size and Forecast, By Industrial Vertical Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.4.11.5.Australia Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.4.12.Thailand
      • 10.4.12.1.Overview
      • 10.4.12.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 10.4.12.3.Thailand Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.4.12.4.Thailand Market Size and Forecast, By Industrial Vertical Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.4.12.5.Thailand Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.4.13.Indonesia
      • 10.4.13.1.Overview
      • 10.4.13.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 10.4.13.3.Indonesia Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.4.13.4.Indonesia Market Size and Forecast, By Industrial Vertical Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.4.13.5.Indonesia Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.4.14.Philippines
      • 10.4.14.1.Overview
      • 10.4.14.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 10.4.14.3.Philippines Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.4.14.4.Philippines Market Size and Forecast, By Industrial Vertical Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.4.14.5.Philippines Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.4.15.Rest of APAC
      • 10.4.15.1.Overview
      • 10.4.15.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 10.4.15.3.Rest of APAC Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.4.15.4.Rest of APAC Market Size and Forecast, By Industrial Vertical Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.4.15.5.Rest of APAC Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
  • 10.5.Latin America
    • 10.5.1.Overview
    • 10.5.2.Rapid Liquid Printing Key Manufacturers in Latin America
    • 10.5.3.Latin America Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.5.4.Latin America Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.5.5.Latin America Market Size and Forecast, By Industrial Vertical Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.5.6.Latin America Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.5.7.Brazil
      • 10.5.7.1.Overview
      • 10.5.7.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 10.5.7.3.Brazil Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.5.7.4.Brazil Market Size and Forecast, By Industrial Vertical Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.5.7.5.Brazil Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.5.8.Mexico
      • 10.5.8.1.Overview
      • 10.5.8.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 10.5.8.3.Mexico Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.5.8.4.Mexico Market Size and Forecast, By Industrial Vertical Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.5.8.5.Mexico Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.5.9.Argentina
      • 10.5.9.1.Overview
      • 10.5.9.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 10.5.9.3.Argentina Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.5.9.4.Argentina Market Size and Forecast, By Industrial Vertical Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.5.9.5.Argentina Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.5.10.Colombia
      • 10.5.10.1.Overview
      • 10.5.10.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 10.5.10.3.Colombia Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.5.10.4.Colombia Market Size and Forecast, By Industrial Vertical Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.5.10.5.Colombia Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.5.11.Rest of LATAM
      • 10.5.11.1.Overview
      • 10.5.11.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 10.5.11.3.Rest of LATAM Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.5.11.4.Rest of LATAM Market Size and Forecast, By Industrial Vertical Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.5.11.5.Rest of LATAM Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
  • 10.6.Middle East and Africa
    • 10.6.1.Overview
    • 10.6.2.Rapid Liquid Printing Key Manufacturers in Middle East and Africa
    • 10.6.3.Middle East and Africa Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.6.4.Middle East and Africa Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.6.5.Middle East and Africa Market Size and Forecast, By Industrial Vertical Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.6.6.Middle East and Africa Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.6.7.Saudi Arabia
      • 10.6.7.1.Overview
      • 10.6.7.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 10.6.7.3.Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.6.7.4.Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast, By Industrial Vertical Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.6.7.5.Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.6.8.United Arab Emirates
      • 10.6.8.1.Overview
      • 10.6.8.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 10.6.8.3.United Arab Emirates Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.6.8.4.United Arab Emirates Market Size and Forecast, By Industrial Vertical Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.6.8.5.United Arab Emirates Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.6.9.Israel
      • 10.6.9.1.Overview
      • 10.6.9.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 10.6.9.3.Israel Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.6.9.4.Israel Market Size and Forecast, By Industrial Vertical Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.6.9.5.Israel Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.6.10.Turkey
      • 10.6.10.1.Overview
      • 10.6.10.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 10.6.10.3.Turkey Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.6.10.4.Turkey Market Size and Forecast, By Industrial Vertical Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.6.10.5.Turkey Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.6.11.Algeria
      • 10.6.11.1.Overview
      • 10.6.11.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 10.6.11.3.Algeria Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.6.11.4.Algeria Market Size and Forecast, By Industrial Vertical Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.6.11.5.Algeria Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.6.12.Egypt
      • 10.6.12.1.Overview
      • 10.6.12.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 10.6.12.3.Egypt Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.6.12.4.Egypt Market Size and Forecast, By Industrial Vertical Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.6.12.5.Egypt Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
    • 10.6.13.Rest of MEA
      • 10.6.13.1.Overview
      • 10.6.13.2.Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2019 - 2032, (US$ Million)
      • 10.6.13.3.Rest of MEA Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.6.13.4.Rest of MEA Market Size and Forecast, By Industrial Vertical Type, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)
      • 10.6.13.5.Rest of MEA Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2019 - 2032 (US$ Million)

11.Key Vendor Analysis- Rapid Liquid Printing Industry

  • 11.1.Competitive Dashboard
  • 11.2.Company Profiles
    • 11.2.1.Steelcase
    • 11.2.2.Stratasys
    • 11.2.3.3D Systems
    • 11.2.4.Materilise
    • 11.2.5.ExOne
    • 11.2.6.EOS
    • 11.2.7.Dassault Systemes
    • 11.2.8.Autodesk
    • 11.2.9.Others

12.360 Degree Analyst View

13.Appendix

  • 13.1.Research Methodology
  • 13.2.References
  • 13.3.Abbreviations
  • 13.4.Disclaimer
  • 13.5.Contact Us

List of Tables

  • TABLE List of data sources
  • TABLE Market drivers; Impact Analysis
  • TABLE Market restraints; Impact Analysis
  • TABLE Rapid Liquid Printing Market: Product Type Snapshot (2023)
  • TABLE Segment Dashboard; Definition and Scope, by Product Type
  • TABLE Global Rapid Liquid Printing Market, by Product Type 2019-2032 (USD Million)
  • TABLE Rapid Liquid Printing Market: Industrial Vertical Type Snapshot (2023)
  • TABLE Segment Dashboard; Definition and Scope, by Industrial Vertical Type
  • TABLE Global Rapid Liquid Printing Market, by Industrial Vertical Type 2019-2032 (USD Million)
  • TABLE Rapid Liquid Printing Market: Application Snapshot (2023)
  • TABLE Segment Dashboard; Definition and Scope, by Application
  • TABLE Global Rapid Liquid Printing Market, by Application 2019-2032 (USD Million)
  • TABLE Rapid Liquid Printing Market: Regional snapshot (2023)
  • TABLE Segment Dashboard; Definition and Scope, by Region
  • TABLE Global Rapid Liquid Printing Market, by Region 2019-2032 (USD Million)
  • TABLE North America Rapid Liquid Printing Market, by Country, 2019-2032 (USD Million)
  • TABLE North America Rapid Liquid Printing Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Million)
  • TABLE North America Rapid Liquid Printing Market, by Industrial Vertical Type, 2019-2032 (USD Million)
  • TABLE North America Rapid Liquid Printing Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Million)
  • TABLE Europe Rapid Liquid Printing Market, by Country, 2019-2032 (USD Million)
  • TABLE Europe Rapid Liquid Printing Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Million)
  • TABLE Europe Rapid Liquid Printing Market, by Industrial Vertical Type, 2019-2032 (USD Million)
  • TABLE Europe Rapid Liquid Printing Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Million)
  • TABLE Asia Pacific Rapid Liquid Printing Market, by Country, 2019-2032 (USD Million)
  • TABLE Asia Pacific Rapid Liquid Printing Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Million)
  • TABLE Asia Pacific Rapid Liquid Printing Market, by Industrial Vertical Type, 2019-2032 (USD Million)
  • TABLE Asia Pacific Rapid Liquid Printing Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Million)
  • TABLE Latin America Rapid Liquid Printing Market, by Country, 2019-2032 (USD Million)
  • TABLE Latin America Rapid Liquid Printing Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Million)
  • TABLE Latin America Rapid Liquid Printing Market, by Industrial Vertical Type, 2019-2032 (USD Million)
  • TABLE Latin America Rapid Liquid Printing Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Million)
  • TABLE Middle East and Africa Rapid Liquid Printing Market, by Country, 2019-2032 (USD Million)
  • TABLE Middle East and Africa Rapid Liquid Printing Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Million)
  • TABLE Middle East and Africa Rapid Liquid Printing Market, by Industrial Vertical Type, 2019-2032 (USD Million)
  • TABLE Middle East and Africa Rapid Liquid Printing Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Million)

List of Figures

  • FIGURE Rapid Liquid Printing Market Segmentation
  • FIGURE Market research methodology
  • FIGURE Value chain analysis
  • FIGURE Porter's Five Forces Analysis
  • FIGURE Market Attractiveness Analysis
  • FIGURE COVID-19 Impact Analysis
  • FIGURE Pre & Post COVID-19 Impact Comparision Study
  • FIGURE Competitive Landscape; Key company market share analysis, 2023
  • FIGURE Product Type segment market share analysis, 2023 & 2032
  • FIGURE Product Type segment market size forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)
  • FIGURE Industrial Vertical Type segment market share analysis, 2023 & 2032
  • FIGURE Industrial Vertical Type segment market size forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)
  • FIGURE Application segment market share analysis, 2023 & 2032
  • FIGURE Application segment market size forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)
  • FIGURE Regional segment market share analysis, 2023 & 2032
  • FIGURE Regional segment market size forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)
  • FIGURE North America Rapid Liquid Printing Market share and leading players, 2023
  • FIGURE Europe Rapid Liquid Printing Market share and leading players, 2023
  • FIGURE Asia Pacific Rapid Liquid Printing Market share and leading players, 2023
  • FIGURE Latin America Rapid Liquid Printing Market share and leading players, 2023
  • FIGURE Middle East and Africa Rapid Liquid Printing Market share and leading players, 2023
  • FIGURE North America market share analysis by country, 2023
  • FIGURE U.S. Rapid Liquid Printing Market size, forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)
  • FIGURE Canada Rapid Liquid Printing Market size, forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)
  • FIGURE Europe Rapid Liquid Printing Market share analysis by country, 2023
  • FIGURE Germany Rapid Liquid Printing Market size, forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)
  • FIGURE Spain Rapid Liquid Printing Market size, forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)
  • FIGURE Italy Rapid Liquid Printing Market size, forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)
  • FIGURE France Rapid Liquid Printing Market size, forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)
  • FIGURE UK Rapid Liquid Printing Market size, forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)
  • FIGURE Russia Rapid Liquid Printing Market size, forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)
  • FIGURE Netherlands Rapid Liquid Printing Market size, forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)
  • FIGURE Sweden Rapid Liquid Printing Market size, forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)
  • FIGURE Poland Rapid Liquid Printing Market size, forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)
  • FIGURE Rest of the Europe Rapid Liquid Printing Market size, forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)
  • FIGURE Asia Pacific Rapid Liquid Printing Market share analysis by country, 2023
  • FIGURE India Rapid Liquid Printing Market size, forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)
  • FIGURE China Rapid Liquid Printing Market size, forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)
  • FIGURE Japan Rapid Liquid Printing Market size, forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)
  • FIGURE South Korea Rapid Liquid Printing Market size, forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)
  • FIGURE Australia Rapid Liquid Printing Market size, forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)
  • FIGURE Thailand Rapid Liquid Printing Market size, forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)
  • FIGURE Indonesia Rapid Liquid Printing Market size, forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)
  • FIGURE Phillipines Rapid Liquid Printing Market size, forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)
  • FIGURE Rest of APAC Rapid Liquid Printing Market size, forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)
  • FIGURE Latin America Rapid Liquid Printing Market size, forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)
  • FIGURE Latin America Rapid Liquid Printing Market share analysis by country, 2023
  • FIGURE Brazil Rapid Liquid Printing Market size, forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)
  • FIGURE Mexico Rapid Liquid Printing Market size, forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)
  • FIGURE Argentina Rapid Liquid Printing Market size, forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)
  • FIGURE Colombia Rapid Liquid Printing Market size, forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)
  • FIGURE Rest of LATAM Rapid Liquid Printing Market size, forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)
  • FIGURE Middle East and Africa Rapid Liquid Printing Market size, forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)
  • FIGURE Middle East and Africa Rapid Liquid Printing Market share analysis by country, 2023
  • FIGURE Saudi Arabia Rapid Liquid Printing Market size, forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)
  • FIGURE United Arab Emirates Rapid Liquid Printing Market size, forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)
  • FIGURE Israel Rapid Liquid Printing Market size, forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)
  • FIGURE Turkey Rapid Liquid Printing Market size, forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)
  • FIGURE Algeria Rapid Liquid Printing Market size, forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)
  • FIGURE Egypt Rapid Liquid Printing Market size, forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)
  • FIGURE Rest of MEA Rapid Liquid Printing Market size, forecast and trend analysis, 2019 to 2032 (USD Million)