Product Code: ANV985
REPORT HIGHLIGHT
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Market size was valued at USD 690.1 Million in 2021, expanding at a CAGR of 4.7% from 2022 to 2028.
Muscle deterioration is caused by the genetic condition Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), which is X-linked recessive. However, it can also be passed down from parents or be the result of a recent mutation. Although there are numerous treatments and medications to manage DMD, there is still no known cure for the disease.
Market Dynamics
It is anticipated that the Duchenne muscular dystrophy market will rise as a result of the introduction of novel medications and treatments, disease-modifying therapies, significant support from numerous firms for drug development, and support from patient advocacy groups on the regulatory approval process. Furthermore, mutation-specific medicines are likely to represent a significant advance in the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. New medications and therapies are being developed with an eye toward neonates, young babies, as well as DMD patients in the latter stages. The therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy have advanced quickly during the past few years. However, because of their high cost and lack of knowledge, many patients are still unable to benefit from therapies and medications.
Furthermore, mutation-specific medicines are likely to represent a significant advance in the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Additionally, there have been more campaigns to increase public awareness of Duchenne muscular dystrophy disorder, the introduction of therapies like Exondys51 and Translarna as well as corticosteroid-based anti-inflammatory drugs, the prevalence of the disease, the development of mutation-specific therapies, and the number of products in development. COVID-19 has had a positive impact on the market as the growing health concerns have pushed the market growth.
Segmentation Analysis:
The Global Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Market is segmented on the basis of Drug Type, Distribution Channel, and Region.
The market is segmented into three categories based on Drug Type: NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and others. The corticosteroids segment dominates the market. Increasing muscular disease concerns are boosting segment growth.
The market is segmented into three categories based on Distribution channels: hospital pharmacies, retail pharmacies, and online pharmacies. The hospital pharmacies segment dominates the market and is likely to maintain its dominance during the forecast period. This is partly due to an increase in the demand for Duchenne muscular dystrophy treatment in hospitals.
Competitive Landscape:
The Global Duchenne muscular dystrophy market is highly consolidated in nature with the few players dominating the market with the largest market share. Several companies are indulging in various strategic initiatives, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic and bolster their market presence. Some of the primary techniques used by corporations to strengthen their reach and expand their market share include new product launches, partnerships, distribution network development, R&D spending, and mergers and acquisitions.
For instance, in April 2022, Pfizer Inc. announced plans to open their first U.S. sites in the Phase 3 study evaluating the investigational mini-dystrophin gene therapy, fordadistrogene movaparvovec, in ambulatory patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).
Key features of the study:
This proposed research study on Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy market provides market size (US$ million), compound annual growth rate (CAGR %) and forecast estimation (2022-2028), considering 2021 as the base year
The research report elucidates potential growth opportunities across different segments/countries and explains attractive investment proposition matrix for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy market
The overall report identifies new investment opportunities, challenges faced by established players, and growth factors to sustain in the Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy market
Impact of COVID-19 on Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy market size, forecast, CAGR, and market dynamics are discussed in detail under the research scope. Detailed insight on Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy market post-COVID will also be covered.
In order to give the users of this report a comprehensive view on the Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy market, we have also included competitive landscape and key innovator analysis for the Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy market.
The study encompasses a growth prospect mapping analysis, wherein all the industry segments are benchmarked based on their market size, growth rate and attractiveness.
The report offers detailed company profiling featuring major market participants which will help users to understand their financial information and strategic initiatives of players operating in the Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy market.
In addition, the report also unveil the important acquisitions & mergers, collaborations & joint ventures, new launch, research & development, regional expansion of major participants involved in the market on global as well as regional level.
The global Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy market report primarily caters to various stakeholders in this industry including suppliers, investors, new entrants, distributors, and financial analysts
SCOPE OF THE REPORT
The scope of this report covers the market by its major segments, which include as follows:
GLOBAL DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY MARKET KEY PLAYERS
NS Pharma Inc.
ITALFARMACO S.p.A.
FibroGen, Inc.
Summit Therapeutics plc
Nobelpharma Co. Ltd
BioMarin
PTC Therapeutics
Santhera Pharmaceuticals
Hoffmann-La Roche AG
ReveraGen BioPharma
Sarepta Therapeutics, Inc.
GLOBAL DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY MARKET, BY DRUG TYPE
NSAIDs
Corticosteroids
Others
GLOBAL DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY MARKET, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL
Hospital Pharmacies
Retail Pharmacies
Online Pharmacies
GLOBAL DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY MARKET, BY REGION
North America
The U.S.
Canada
Europe
Germany
France
Italy
Spain
United Kingdom
Russia
Netherlands
Sweden
Poland
Rest of Europe
Asia Pacific
India
China
South Korea
Japan
Australia
Thailand
Indonesia
Philippines
Rest of APAC
Latin America
Brazil
Mexico
Argentina
Colombia
Rest of LATAM
The Middle East and Africa
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Israel
Turkey
Algeria
Egypt
Rest of MEA
TABLE OF CONTENT
1. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Market Overview
2. Executive Summary
- 2.1. Market Snippet
- 2.1.1. Market Snippet by Drug Type
- 2.1.2. Market Snippet by Distribution Channel
- 2.1.3. Market Snippet by Country
- 2.1.4. Market Snippet by Region
- 2.2. Competitive Insights
3. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Key Market Trends
- 3.1. Market Drivers
- 3.1.1. Impact Analysis of Market Drivers
- 3.2. Market Restraints
- 3.2.1. Impact Analysis of Market Restraints
- 3.3. Market Opportunities
- 3.4. Market Future Trends
4. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Industry Study
- 4.1. PEST Analysis
- 4.2. Porter's Five Forces Analysis
- 4.3. Growth Prospect Mapping
- 4.4. Regulatory Framework Analysis
5. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Market: COVID-19 Impact Analysis
- 5.1. Pre-COVID-19 Impact Analysis
- 5.2. Post-COVID-19 Impact Analysis
- 5.2.1. Top Performing Segments
- 5.2.2. Marginal Growth Segments
- 5.2.3. Top Looser Segments
- 5.2.4. Marginal Loss Segments
6. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Market Landscape
- 6.1. Market Share Analysis, 2021
- 6.2. Breakdown Data, by Key Manufacturer
- 6.2.1. Established Players' Analysis
- 6.2.2. Emerging Players' Analysis
7. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Market - By Drug Type
- 7.1. Overview
- 7.1.1. Segment Share Analysis, By Drug Type, 2021 & 2028 (%)
- 7.1.2. NSAIDs
- 7.1.3. Corticosteroids
- 7.1.4. Others
8. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Market - By Distribution Channel
- 8.1. Overview
- 8.1.1. Segment Share Analysis, By Distribution Channel, 2021 & 2028 (%)
- 8.1.2. Hospital Pharmacies
- 8.1.3. Retail Pharmacies
- 8.1.4. Online Pharmacies
9. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Market- By Geography
- 9.1. Introduction
- 9.1.1. Segment Share Analysis, By Geography, 2021 & 2028 (%)
- 9.2. North America
- 9.2.1. Overview
- 9.2.2. Key Manufacturers in North America
- 9.2.3. North America Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.2.4. North America Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.2.5. North America Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.2.6. U.S.
- 9.2.6.1. Overview
- 9.2.6.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2017 - 2028, (US$ Million)
- 9.2.6.3. U.S. Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.2.6.4. U.S. Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.2.7. Canada
- 9.2.7.1. Overview
- 9.2.7.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2017 - 2028, (US$ Million)
- 9.2.7.3. Canada Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.2.7.4. Canada Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.3. Europe
- 9.3.1. Overview
- 9.3.2. Key Manufacturers in Europe
- 9.3.3. Europe Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.4. Europe Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.5. Europe Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.6. Germany
- 9.3.6.1. Overview
- 9.3.6.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2017 - 2028, (US$ Million)
- 9.3.6.3. Germany Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.6.4. Germany Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.7. Italy
- 9.3.7.1. Overview
- 9.3.7.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2017 - 2028, (US$ Million)
- 9.3.7.3. Italy Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.7.4. Italy Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.8. United Kingdom
- 9.3.8.1. Overview
- 9.3.8.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2017 - 2028, (US$ Million)
- 9.3.8.3. United Kingdom Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.8.4. United Kingdom Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.9. France
- 9.3.9.1. Overview
- 9.3.9.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2017 - 2028, (US$ Million)
- 9.3.9.3. France Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.9.4. France Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.10. Russia
- 9.3.10.1. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2017 - 2028, (US$ Million)
- 9.3.10.2. Russia Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.10.3. Russia Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.11. Netherlands
- 9.3.11.1. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2017 - 2028, (US$ Million)
- 9.3.11.2. Netherlands Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.11.3. Netherlands Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.12. Sweden
- 9.3.12.1. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2017 - 2028, (US$ Million)
- 9.3.12.2. Sweden Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.12.3. Sweden Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.13. Poland
- 9.3.13.1. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2017 - 2028, (US$ Million)
- 9.3.13.2. Poland Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.13.3. Poland Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.14. Rest of Europe
- 9.3.14.1. Overview
- 9.3.14.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2017 - 2028, (US$ Million)
- 9.3.14.3. Rest of the Europe Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.3.14.4. Rest of the Europe Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.4. Asia Pacific (APAC)
- 9.4.1. Overview
- 9.4.2. Key Manufacturers in Asia Pacific
- 9.4.3. Asia Pacific Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.4. Asia Pacific Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.5. Asia Pacific Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.6. India
- 9.4.6.1. Overview
- 9.4.6.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2017 - 2028, (US$ Million)
- 9.4.6.3. India Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.6.4. India Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.7. China
- 9.4.7.1. Overview
- 9.4.7.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2017 - 2028, (US$ Million)
- 9.4.7.3. China Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.7.4. China Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.8. Japan
- 9.4.8.1. Overview
- 9.4.8.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2017 - 2028, (US$ Million)
- 9.4.8.3. Japan Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.8.4. Japan Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.9. South Korea
- 9.4.9.1. Overview
- 9.4.9.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2017 - 2028, (US$ Million)
- 9.4.9.3. South Korea Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.9.4. South Korea Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.10. Australia
- 9.4.10.1. Overview
- 9.4.10.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2017 - 2028, (US$ Million)
- 9.4.10.3. Australia Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.10.4. Australia Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.11. Thailand
- 9.4.11.1. Overview
- 9.4.11.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2017 - 2028, (US$ Million)
- 9.4.11.3. Thailand Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.11.4. Thailand Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.12. Indonesia
- 9.4.12.1. Overview
- 9.4.12.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2017 - 2028, (US$ Million)
- 9.4.12.3. Indonesia Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.12.4. Indonesia Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.13. Philippines
- 9.4.13.1. Overview
- 9.4.13.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2017 - 2028, (US$ Million)
- 9.4.13.3. Philippines Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.13.4. Philippines Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.14. Rest of APAC
- 9.4.14.1. Overview
- 9.4.14.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2017 - 2028, (US$ Million)
- 9.4.14.3. Rest of APAC Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.4.14.4. Rest of APAC Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.5. Latin America
- 9.5.1. Overview
- 9.5.2. Key Manufacturers in Latin America
- 9.5.3. Latin America Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.5.4. Latin America Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.5.5. Latin America Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.5.6. Brazil
- 9.5.6.1. Overview
- 9.5.6.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2017 - 2028, (US$ Million)
- 9.5.6.3. Brazil Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.5.6.4. Brazil Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.5.7. Mexico
- 9.5.7.1. Overview
- 9.5.7.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2017 - 2028, (US$ Million)
- 9.5.7.3. Mexico Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.5.7.4. Mexico Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.5.8. Argentina
- 9.5.8.1. Overview
- 9.5.8.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2017 - 2028, (US$ Million)
- 9.5.8.3. Argentina Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.5.8.4. Argentina Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.5.9. Colombia
- 9.5.9.1. Overview
- 9.5.9.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2017 - 2028, (US$ Million)
- 9.5.9.3. Colombia Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.5.9.4. Colombia Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.5.10. Rest of LATAM
- 9.5.10.1. Overview
- 9.5.10.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2017 - 2028, (US$ Million)
- 9.5.10.3. Rest of LATAM Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.5.10.4. Rest of LATAM Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.6. Middle East and Africa
- 9.6.1. Overview
- 9.6.2. Key Manufacturers in Middle East and Africa
- 9.6.3. Middle East and Africa Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.6.4. Middle East and Africa Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.6.5. Middle East and Africa Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.6.6. Saudi Arabia
- 9.6.6.1. Overview
- 9.6.6.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2017 - 2028, (US$ Million)
- 9.6.6.3. Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.6.6.4. Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.6.7. United Arab Emirates
- 9.6.7.1. Overview
- 9.6.7.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2017 - 2028, (US$ Million)
- 9.6.7.3. United Arab Emirates Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.6.7.4. United Arab Emirates Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.6.8. Israel
- 9.6.8.1. Overview
- 9.6.8.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2017 - 2028, (US$ Million)
- 9.6.8.3. Israel Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.6.8.4. Israel Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.6.9. Turkey
- 9.6.9.1. Overview
- 9.6.9.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2017 - 2028, (US$ Million)
- 9.6.9.3. Turkey Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.6.9.4. Turkey Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.6.10. Algeria
- 9.6.10.1. Overview
- 9.6.10.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2017 - 2028, (US$ Million)
- 9.6.10.3. Algeria Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.6.10.4. Algeria Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.6.11. Egypt
- 9.6.11.1. Overview
- 9.6.11.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2017 - 2028, (US$ Million)
- 9.6.11.3. Egypt Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.6.11.4. Egypt Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.6.12. Rest of MEA
- 9.6.12.1. Overview
- 9.6.12.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2017 - 2028, (US$ Million)
- 9.6.12.3. Rest of MEA Market Size and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.6.12.4. Rest of MEA Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2017 - 2028 (US$ Million)
10. Key Vendor Analysis
- 10.1. Competitive Dashboard
- 10.2. Company Profiles
- 10.2.1. NS Pharma Inc.
- 10.2.2. ITALFARMACO S.p.A.
- 10.2.3. FibroGen, Inc.
- 10.2.4. Summit Therapeutics plc
- 10.2.5. Nobelpharma Co. Ltd
- 10.2.6. BioMarin
- 10.2.7. PTC Therapeutics
- 10.2.8. Santhera Pharmaceuticals
- 10.2.9. Hoffmann-La Roche AG
- 10.2.10. ReveraGen BioPharma
- 10.2.11. Sarepta Therapeutics, Inc.
11. 360 Degree Analyst View
12. Appendix
- 12.1. Research Methodology
- 12.2. References
- 12.3. Abbreviations
- 12.4. Disclaimer
- 12.5. Contact Us