Product Code: TIPRE00003216
The antifreeze market size was valued at US$ 6,322.39 million in 2022 and is projected to reach US$ 8,731.11 million by 2028. It is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.5% from 2022 to 2028.
Antifreeze is mainly composed of either ethylene glycol or propylene glycol. Propylene glycol is a viscous, colorless, and nearly odorless liquid. It is the most common heat transfer fluid used in closed-loop solar heating systems that contain antifreeze. Propylene glycol is less toxic than ethylene glycol and may be labeled non-toxic antifreeze. Antifreeze may also contain different additives, which usually comprise less than 10% of the total solution. The global antifreeze market is mainly driven by the increasing vehicle production and aftermarket for antifreeze and engine coolants and the growing construction activities and sales of construction equipment. Further, the global antifreeze market trend includes investments in research and developments and various initiatives by the market players.
Market players in the antifreeze market are focusing on investing in research and developments to expand their product portfolio and attain a competitive edge. New product development, strategic alliances, and enhancement of the product landscape are the key initiatives in the antifreeze market. However, the volatility in the raw material prices is expected to restrain the global antifreeze market during the forecast period. Fluctuations in raw material prices can adversely impact the market. Prices of raw materials fluctuate due to various factors, such as demand and supply. Ethylene glycol prices have become unstable due to supply chain disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
The global antifreeze market has been segmented based on coolant type into ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and glycerin & others. The ethylene glycol segment held the largest share in the market in 2021. In automotive antifreeze and coolant, ethylene glycol is an important ingredient. It acts as a coolant to reduce overheating of car engines in the summer. Ethylene glycol also finds application as a heat transfer fluid used as industrial coolants for gas compressors, heating, ventilating, air-conditioning systems, and ice skating rinks.
Based on geography, the global antifreeze market has been segmented into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, the Middle East & Africa, and South & Central America. In 2021, Asia Pacific held the largest revenue share of the market. In Asia Pacific, the antifreeze market is segmented into Australia, China, India, Japan, South Korea, and the Rest of Asia Pacific. The increasing use of antifreeze in the automotive industry is driving the market in the region. As per the India Brand Equity Foundation, in India, the automobile industry contributes almost 6.4% of the country's gross domestic product (GDP) and 35% of manufacturing GDP and is a leading employment provider. During the last few months, several automakers in India have started investing heavily in various segments of the industry to keep up with the growing demand.
Further, antifreeze is used in solar water heating systems as heat transfer fluid. In Asia Pacific, there is increasing use of solar energy. China is leading in renewable energy production figures. The country is currently the world's largest producer of solar energy. China's solar manufacturing association said in 2022 that the country is expected to add 75 to 90 gigawatts (GW) of solar power. According to the International Energy Agency, 36 % of the world's growth in solar energy in the next five years will come from China. All these factors positively influence the antifreeze market growth in Asia Pacific.
Wacker Chemie AG, BASF SE, Chevron Corporation, Dow Inc., EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION, CCI Corporation, Old World Industries, Prestone Products Corporation, Valvoline LLC, and Shell plc, are some of the major players operating in the global antifreeze market. Market players are constantly focusing on strategies, such as investments in research and development activities and new product launches. These market players are highly focused on the development of high-quality and innovative product offerings to fulfill the customer's requirements.
The overall global antifreeze market has been derived using both primary and secondary source. To begin the research process, exhaustive secondary research has been conducted using internal and external sources to obtain qualitative and quantitative information related to the market. Also, multiple primary interviews have been conducted with industry participants to validate the data and gain more analytical insights into the topic. Participants of this process include industry experts such as VPs, business development managers, market intelligence managers, and national sales managers, along with external consultants, such as valuation experts, research analysts, and key opinion leaders, specializing in the global antifreeze market.
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Save and reduce time carrying out entry-level research by identifying the growth, size, leading players, and segments in the global Antifreeze market.
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The key findings and recommendations highlight crucial progressive industry trends in the antifreeze market, thereby allowing players across the value chain to develop effective long-term strategies
Develop/modify business expansion plans by using substantial growth offering developed and emerging markets
Scrutinize in-depth global market trends and outlook coupled with the factors driving the antifreeze market, as well as those hindering it.
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Table Of Contents
1. Introduction
- 1.1 Study Scope
- 1.2 The Insight Partners Research Report Guidance
- 1.3 Market Segmentation
- 1.3.1 Antifreeze Market, by Coolant Type
- 1.3.2 Antifreeze Market, by Technology
- 1.3.3 Antifreeze Market, by Application
- 1.3.4 Antifreeze Market, By Distribution Channel
- 1.3.5 Antifreeze Market, by Geography
2. Key Takeaways
3. Research Methodology
- 3.1 Scope of the Study
- 3.1.1 Antifreeze Market, by Coolant Type, by Technology, by Application, and Distribution Channel
- 3.2 Research Methodology
- 3.2.1 Data Collection:
- 3.2.2 Primary Interviews:
- 3.2.3 Hypothesis Formulation:
- 3.2.4 Macro-economic Factor Analysis:
- 3.2.5 Developing Base Number:
- 3.2.6 Data Triangulation:
- 3.2.7 Country Level Data:
4. Antifreeze Market Landscape
- 4.1 Market Overview
- 4.2 Porter's Five Forces Analysis
- 4.2.1 Threat of New Entrants:
- 4.2.2 Bargaining Power of Suppliers:
- 4.2.3 Bargaining Power of Buyers:
- 4.2.4 Competitive Rivalry:
- 4.2.5 Threat of Substitutes:
- 4.3 Ecosystem Analysis
- 4.3.1 Overview:
- 4.3.2 Raw Material Suppliers:
- 4.3.3 Manufacturers
- 4.3.4 Distributors
- 4.3.5 End-User
- 4.4 Expert Opinion
5. Antifreeze Market - Key Market Dynamics
- 5.1 Market Drivers
- 5.1.1 Increasing Vehicle Production and Aftermarket for Antifreeze and Engine Coolants
- 5.1.2 Growing Construction Activities and Sales of Construction Equipment
- 5.2 Market Restraints
- 5.2.1 Volatility in Raw Material Prices
- 5.3 Market Opportunities
- 5.3.1 Investment in R & D and initiatives by Market Players
- 5.4 Future Trends
- 5.4.1 Enviroment Friendly
- 5.5 Impact Analysis of Drivers and Restraints
6. Antifreeze - Global Market Analysis
- 6.1 Antifreeze Market Overview
- 6.2 Antifreeze Market -Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
- 6.2 Antifreeze Market -Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (Million Gallons)
- 6.3 Competitive Positioning - Key Market Players
7. Antifreeze Market Analysis - By Coolant Type
- 7.1 Overview
- 7.2 Antifreeze Market, By Coolant Type (2021 and 2028)
- 7.3 Ethylene Glycol
- 7.3.1 Overview
- 7.3.2 Ethylene Glycol: Antifreeze Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
- 7.3.3 Ethylene Glycol: Antifreeze Market - Volume and Forecast to 2028 (Million Gallons)
- 7.4 Propylene Glycol
- 7.4.1 Overview
- 7.4.2 Prppylene Glycol: Antifreeze Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
- 7.4.2 Prppylene Glycol: Antifreeze Market - Volume and Forecast to 2028 (Million Gallons)
- 7.5 Glycerin and Others
- 7.5.1 Overview
- 7.5.2 Glycerin and Others: Antifreeze Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
- 7.5.2 Glycerin and Others: Antifreeze Market - Volume and Forecast to 2028 (Million Gallons)
8. Antifreeze Market Analysis - By Technology
- 8.1 Overview
- 8.2 Antifreeze Market, By Technology (2021 and 2028)
- 8.3 Inorganic Additive Technology
- 8.3.1 Overview
- 8.3.2 Inorganic Additive Technology: Antifreeze Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
- 8.4 Organic Acid Technology
- 8.4.1 Overview
- 8.4.2 Organic Acid Technology: Antifreeze Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
- 8.5 Hybrid Organic Acid Technology and Others
- 8.5.1 Overview
- 8.5.2 Hybrid Organic Acid Technology and Others: Antifreeze Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
9. Antifreeze Market Analysis - By Application
- 9.1 Overview
- 9.2 Antifreeze Market, By Application (2021 and 2028)
- 9.3 Automobiles
- 9.3.1 Overview
- 9.3.2 Automobiles: Antifreeze Market- Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.4 Industrial Heating/Cooling
- 9.4.1 Overview
- 9.4.2 Industrial Heating/Cooling: Antifreeze Market- Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.5 Energy
- 9.5.1 Overview
- 9.5.2 Energy: Antifreeze Market- Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
- 9.6 Manufacturing and Others
- 9.6.1 Overview
- 9.6.2 Manufacturing and Others: Antifreeze Market- Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
10. Antifreeze Market Analysis - By Distribution Channel
- 10.1 Overview
- 10.2 Antifreeze Market, By Distribution Channel (2021 and 2028)
- 10.3 Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs)
- 10.3.1 Overview
- 10.3.2 Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs): Antifreeze Market- Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
- 10.4 Aftermarket
- 10.4.1 Overview
- 10.4.2 Aftermarket: Antifreeze Market- Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
- 10.5 Retail and Others
- 10.5.1 Overview
- 10.5.2 Retail and Others: Antifreeze Market- Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
11. Antifreeze Market - Geographic Analysis
- 11.1 Overview
- 11.2 North America: Antifreeze Market
- 11.2.1 North America: Antifreeze Market -Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
- 11.2.2 North America: Antifreeze Market, By Coolant Type
- 11.2.3 North America: Antifreeze Market, By Technology
- 11.2.4 North America: Antifreeze Market, By Application
- 11.2.5 North America: Antifreeze Market, By Distribution Channel
- 11.2.6 North America: Antifreeze Market, by Key Country
- 11.2.6.1 US: Antifreeze Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
- 11.2.6.1.1 US: Antifreeze Market, By Coolant Type
- 11.2.6.1.2 US: Antifreeze Market, By Technology
- 11.2.6.1.3 US: Antifreeze Market, By Application
- 11.2.6.1.4 US: Antifreeze Market, By Distribution Channel
- 11.2.6.2 Canada: Antifreeze Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
- 11.2.6.2.1 Canada: Antifreeze Market, By Coolant Type
- 11.2.6.2.2 Canada: Antifreeze Market, By Technology
- 11.2.6.2.3 Canada: Antifreeze Market, By Application
- 11.2.6.2.4 Canada: Antifreeze Market, By Distribution Channel
- 11.2.6.3 Mexico: Antifreeze Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
- 11.2.6.3.1 Mexico: Antifreeze Market, By Coolant Type
- 11.2.6.3.2 Mexico: Antifreeze Market, By Technology
- 11.2.6.3.3 Mexico: Antifreeze Market, By Application
- 11.2.6.3.4 Mexico: Antifreeze Market, By Distribution Channel
- 11.3 Europe: Antifreeze Market
- 11.3.1 Europe: Antifreeze Market -Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
- 11.3.2 Europe: Antifreeze Market, By Coolant Type
- 11.3.3 Europe: Antifreeze Market, By Technology
- 11.3.4 Europe: Antifreeze Market, By Application
- 11.3.5 Europe: Antifreeze Market, By Distribution Channel
- 11.3.6 Europe: Antifreeze Market, by Key Country
- 11.3.6.1 Germany: Antifreeze Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
- 11.3.6.1.1 Germany: Antifreeze Market, By Coolant Type
- 11.3.6.1.2 Germany: Antifreeze Market, By Technology
- 11.3.6.1.3 Germany: Antifreeze Market, By Application
- 11.3.6.1.4 Germany: Antifreeze Market, By Distribution Channel
- 11.3.6.2 France: Antifreeze Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
- 11.3.6.2.1 France: Antifreeze Market, By Coolant Type
- 11.3.6.2.2 France: Antifreeze Market, By Technology
- 11.3.6.2.3 France: Antifreeze Market, By Application
- 11.3.6.2.4 France: Antifreeze Market, By Distribution Channel
- 11.3.6.3 UK: Antifreeze Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
- 11.3.6.3.1 UK: Antifreeze Market, By Coolant Type
- 11.3.6.3.2 UK: Antifreeze Market, By Technology
- 11.3.6.3.3 UK: Antifreeze Market, By Application
- 11.3.6.3.4 UK: Antifreeze Market, By Distribution Channel
- 11.3.6.4 Italy: Antifreeze Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
- 11.3.6.4.1 Italy: Antifreeze Market, By Coolant Type
- 11.3.6.4.2 Italy: Antifreeze Market, By Technology
- 11.3.6.4.3 Italy: Antifreeze Market, By Application
- 11.3.6.4.4 Italy: Antifreeze Market, By Distribution Channel
- 11.3.6.5 Russia: Antifreeze Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
- 11.3.6.5.1 Russia: Antifreeze Market, By Coolant Type
- 11.3.6.5.2 Russia: Antifreeze Market, By Technology
- 11.3.6.5.3 Russia: Antifreeze Market, By Application
- 11.3.6.5.4 Russia: Antifreeze Market, By Distribution Channel
- 11.3.6.6 Rest of Europe: Antifreeze Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
- 11.3.6.6.1 Rest of Europe: Antifreeze Market, By Coolant Type
- 11.3.6.6.2 Rest of Europe: Antifreeze Market, By Technology
- 11.3.6.6.3 Rest of Europe: Antifreeze Market, By Application
- 11.3.6.6.4 Rest of Europe: Antifreeze Market, By Distribution Channel
- 11.4 Asia Pacific: Antifreeze Market
- 11.4.1 Asia Pacific: Antifreeze Market -Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
- 11.4.2 Asia Pacific: Antifreeze Market, By Coolant Type
- 11.4.3 Asia Pacific: Antifreeze Market, By Technology
- 11.4.4 Asia Pacific: Antifreeze Market, By Application
- 11.4.5 Asia Pacific: Antifreeze Market, By Distribution Channel
- 11.4.6 Asia Pacific: Antifreeze Market, by Key Country
- 11.4.6.1 China: Antifreeze Market -Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
- 11.4.6.1.1 China: Antifreeze Market, By Coolant Type
- 11.4.6.1.2 China: Antifreeze Market, By Technology
- 11.4.6.1.3 China: Antifreeze Market, By Application
- 11.4.6.1.4 China: Antifreeze Market, By Distribution Channel
- 11.4.6.2 Japan: Antifreeze Market -Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
- 11.4.6.2.1 Japan: Antifreeze Market, By Coolant Type
- 11.4.6.2.2 Japan: Antifreeze Market, By Technology
- 11.4.6.2.3 Japan: Antifreeze Market, By Application
- 11.4.6.2.4 Japan: Antifreeze Market, By Distribution Channel
- 11.4.6.3 India: Antifreeze Market -Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
- 11.4.6.3.1 India: Antifreeze Market, By Coolant Type
- 11.4.6.3.2 India: Antifreeze Market, By Technology
- 11.4.6.3.3 India: Antifreeze Market, By Application
- 11.4.6.3.4 India: Antifreeze Market, By Distribution Channel
- 11.4.6.4 Australia: Antifreeze Market -Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
- 11.4.6.4.1 Australia: Antifreeze Market, By Coolant Type
- 11.4.6.4.2 Australia: Antifreeze Market, By Technology
- 11.4.6.4.3 Australia: Antifreeze Market, By Application
- 11.4.6.4.4 Australia: Antifreeze Market, By Distribution Channel
- 11.4.6.5 South Korea: Antifreeze Market -Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
- 11.4.6.5.1 South Korea: Antifreeze Market, By Coolant Type
- 11.4.6.5.2 South Korea: Antifreeze Market, By Technology
- 11.4.6.5.3 South Korea: Antifreeze Market, By Application
- 11.4.6.5.4 South Korea: Antifreeze Market, By Distribution Channel
- 11.4.6.6 Rest of Asia Pacific: Antifreeze Market -Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
- 11.4.6.6.1 Rest of Asia Pacific: Antifreeze Market, By Coolant Type
- 11.4.6.6.2 Rest of Asia Pacific: Antifreeze Market, By Technology
- 11.4.6.6.3 Rest of Asia Pacific: Antifreeze Market, By Application
- 11.4.6.6.4 Rest of Asia Pacific: Antifreeze Market, By Distribution Channel
- 11.5 Middle East & Africa: Antifreeze Market
- 11.5.1 Middle East & Africa: Antifreeze Market -Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
- 11.5.2 Middle East & Africa: Antifreeze Market, By Coolant Type
- 11.5.3 Middle East & Africa: Antifreeze Market, By Technology
- 11.5.4 Middle East & Africa: Antifreeze Market, By Application
- 11.5.5 Middle East & Africa: Antifreeze Market, By Distribution Channel
- 11.5.6 Middle East & Africa: Antifreeze Market, by Key Country
- 11.5.6.1 South Africa: Antifreeze Market -Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
- 11.5.6.1.1 South Africa: Antifreeze Market, By Coolant Type
- 11.5.6.1.2 South Africa: Antifreeze Market, By Technology
- 11.5.6.1.3 South Africa: Antifreeze Market, By Application
- 11.5.6.1.4 South Africa: Antifreeze Market, By Distribution Channel
- 11.5.6.2 Saudi Arabia: Antifreeze Market -Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
- 11.5.6.2.1 Saudi Arabia: Antifreeze Market, By Coolant Type
- 11.5.6.2.2 Saudi Arabia: Antifreeze Market, By Technology
- 11.5.6.2.3 Saudi Arabia: Antifreeze Market, By Application
- 11.5.6.2.4 Saudi Arabia: Antifreeze Market, By Distribution Channel
- 11.5.6.3 UAE: Antifreeze Market -Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
- 11.5.6.3.1 UAE: Antifreeze Market, By Coolant Type
- 11.5.6.3.2 UAE: Antifreeze Market, By Technology
- 11.5.6.3.3 UAE: Antifreeze Market, By Application
- 11.5.6.3.4 UAE: Antifreeze Market, By Distribution Channel
- 11.5.6.4 Rest of MEA: Antifreeze Market -Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
- 11.5.6.4.1 Rest of MEA: Antifreeze Market, By Coolant Type
- 11.5.6.4.2 Rest of MEA: Antifreeze Market, By Technology
- 11.5.6.4.3 Rest of MEA: Antifreeze Market, By Application
- 11.5.6.4.4 Rest of MEA: Antifreeze Market, By Distribution Channel
- 11.6 South & Central America: Antifreeze Market
- 11.6.1 South & Central America: Antifreeze Market -Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
- 11.6.2 South & Central America: Antifreeze Market, By Coolant Type
- 11.6.3 South & Central America: Antifreeze Market, By Technology
- 11.6.4 South & Central America: Antifreeze Market, By Application
- 11.6.5 South & Central America: Antifreeze Market, By Distribution Channel
- 11.6.6 South & Central America: Antifreeze Market, by Key Country
- 11.6.6.1 Brazil: Antifreeze Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
- 11.6.6.1.1 Brazil: Antifreeze Market, By Coolant Type
- 11.6.6.1.2 Brazil: Antifreeze Market, By Technology
- 11.6.6.1.3 Brazil: Antifreeze Market, By Application
- 11.6.6.1.4 Brazil: Antifreeze Market, By Distribution Channel
- 11.6.6.2 Argentina: Antifreeze Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
- 11.6.6.2.1 Argentina: Antifreeze Market, By Coolant Type
- 11.6.6.2.2 Argentina: Antifreeze Market, By Technology
- 11.6.6.2.3 Argentina: Antifreeze Market, By Application
- 11.6.6.2.4 Argentina: Antifreeze Market, By Distribution Channel
- 11.6.6.3 Rest of South & Central America: Antifreeze Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
- 11.6.6.3.1 Rest of South & Central America: Antifreeze Market, By Coolant Type
- 11.6.6.3.2 Rest of South & Central America: Antifreeze Market, By Technology
- 11.6.6.3.3 Rest of South & Central America: Antifreeze Market, By Application
- 11.6.6.3.4 Rest of South & Central America: Antifreeze Market, By Distribution Channel
12. Industry Landscape
- 10.1 Overview
- 10.2 Business Planning and Strategy
- 10.3 Expansion & Collaboration
- 10.4 Product News
13. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Antifreeze Market
- 13.1 Impact of COVID-19 on Antifreeze Market
- 13.2 North America: Impact Assessment of COVID-19 Pandemic
- 13.3 Europe Impact Assessment of COVID-19 Pandemic
- 13.4 Asia Pacific: Impact Assessment of COVID-19 Pandemic
- 13.5 Middle East & Africa: Impact Assessment of COVID-19 Pandemic
- 13.6 South & Central America: Impact Assessment of COVID-19 Pandemic
14. Company Profiles
- 14.1 Wacker Chemie AG
- 14.1.1 Key Facts
- 14.1.2 Business Description
- 14.1.3 Products and Services
- 14.1.4 Financial Overview
- 14.1.5 SWOT Analysis
- 14.1.6 Key Developments
- 12.2 BASF SE
- 12.2.1 Key Facts
- 12.2.2 Business Description
- 12.2.3 Products and Services
- 12.2.4 Financial Overview
- 12.2.5 SWOT Analysis
- 12.2.6 Key Developments
- 12.3 Chevron Corporation
- 12.3.1 Key Facts
- 12.3.2 Business Description
- 12.3.3 Products and Services
- 12.3.4 Financial Overview
- 12.3.5 SWOT Analysis
- 12.3.6 Key Developments
- 12.4 Dow Inc.
- 12.4.1 Key Facts
- 12.4.2 Business Description
- 12.4.3 Products and Services
- 12.4.4 Financial Overview
- 12.4.5 SWOT Analysis
- 12.4.6 Key Developments
- 12.5 Exxon Mobil Corporation
- 12.5.1 Key Facts
- 12.5.2 Business Description
- 12.5.3 Products and Services
- 12.5.4 Financial Overview
- 12.5.5 SWOT Analysis
- 12.5.6 Key Developments
- 12.6 CCI Corporation
- 12.6.1 Key Facts
- 12.6.2 Business Description
- 12.6.3 Products and Services
- 12.6.4 Financial Overview
- 12.6.5 SWOT Analysis
- 12.6.6 Key Developments
- 12.7 Old World Industries
- 12.7.1 Key Facts
- 12.7.2 Business Description
- 12.7.3 Products and Services
- 12.7.4 Financial Overview
- 12.7.5 SWOT Analysis
- 12.7.6 Key Developments
- 12.8 Prestone Products Corporation
- 12.8.1 Key Facts
- 12.8.2 Business Description
- 12.8.3 Products and Services
- 12.8.4 Financial Overview
- 12.8.5 SWOT Analysis
- 12.8.6 Key Developments
- 12.9 Valvoline LLC
- 12.9.1 Key Facts
- 12.9.2 Business Description
- 12.9.3 Products and Services
- 12.9.4 Financial Overview
- 12.9.5 SWOT Analysis
- 12.9.6 Key Developments
- 12.10 Shell Plc.
- 12.10.1 Key Facts
- 12.10.2 Business Description
- 12.10.3 Products and Services
- 12.10.4 Financial Overview
- 12.10.5 SWOT Analysis
- 12.10.6 Key Developments
13. Appendix
- 13.1 About The Insight Partners
- 13.2 Word Index