鐵塔和電線桿：2021 年（第 9 版）

鐵塔和電線桿用於輸配電、電信、路燈/停車場照明等，2019 年將銷售 415,000 座鐵塔和 6300 萬根電線桿。我做到了。但是，在 2020 年，由於 Covid-19 的影響，每種產品的銷售額都下降了。

本報告調查了鐵塔和電線桿，包括市場規模和預測、按類型/材料/長度進行的市場分析、對特定國家/地區的電線桿安裝基礎和需求的評論、Covid-19-Pandemic 它提供了影響等信息公司名稱、競爭形勢和主要公司簡介。

目錄

執行摘要

• 支撐柱的定義和術語
• 支持列函數和類型
• 鐵塔和電線桿：交易總數
• 世界電力傳輸和宏通信塔和單極子安裝基地
• 全球配電和電話線、路燈、停車電線桿安裝基地
• 支撐支柱市場
• 鋼塔和電線桿年銷售額（2019-2026）
• 按類型：2020 年銷售額支持支柱銷售額
• 按地區劃分的收入
• 電線桿類型的需求
• Covid-19 的影響
• 長期需求趨勢——新換代
• 價值鏈-保證金堆棧
• 塔式
• 單極增長
• 塔和單極子的製造
• 街道照明
• 停車場路燈柱
• 被動安全
• 材料
• 樹
• 鋼和鋁
• 混凝土
• 複合

第一章鐵塔和電線桿概述

第 2 章電力/通信塔：安裝數量

• 輸電塔和通信塔的發展
• 傳輸電壓的增加及其對更換的影響

第 3 章電力/通信塔：單位銷售

• 2020年銷售的傳輸和通信塔數量

第 4 章電力傳輸和通信的銷售

• 實際銷售額與名義銷售額的比較

第5章電線桿、電話桿、路燈、停車場電線桿-安裝數量

• 電線桿-電和電話
• 路燈
• 中央管理系統 (CMS)
• 停車場
• 通信小基站桿
• 被動安全
• 按功能劃分的已安裝電線桿數量
• 按材料劃分的裝置數量：木材、混凝土、鋼材、複合材料

第 6 章電線桿、電線桿、路燈、停車桿-銷售

• 對電線桿的需求

第 7 章銷售的電線桿數量

• 電線桿按長度銷售：小於 40 英尺（12m）、40-70 英尺（12-21m）、大於 70 英尺（21m）
• 電線桿銷售材料：木材、鋼材、混凝土、複合材料
• 按地區銷售的電線桿數量（2019-2026）

第 8 章標稱電線桿銷售

• 實際銷售額和名義銷售額的比較
• 名義銷售額
• 電線桿按長度銷售：小於 40 英尺（12m）、40-70 英尺（12-21m）、大於 70 英尺（21m）
• 電線桿銷售材料：木材、鋼材、混凝土、複合材料
• 按地區銷售的電線桿數量（2019-2026）

第 9 章 COVID-19 對鐵塔和電線桿市場和行業的影響

• 政府、媒體、電力公司和供應行業之間的不匹配
  • 大流行的影響
  • 市場影響：供需兩方面
  • 北美
  • 歐洲
  • 中國
  • 印度
  • 巴基斯坦
  • 南美洲

第10章鐵塔和電線桿的長期需求週期

• 輸配電網絡、電信和路燈的增長
  • 替換為新安裝

第 11 章配電-單極子和塔式

• 美國
  • 歐洲
  • 荷蘭
• 斯堪的納維亞
  • 丹麥
  • 冰島
  • 芬蘭
  • 法國
  • 德國
  • 瑞士
  • 英國
  • 意大利
• 亞太地區
  • 中國
  • 日韓
  • 印度
• 東盟
  • 蒙古
• 太平洋
  • 澳大利亞和新西蘭
  • 拉丁美洲
  • 南非
• 中東
  • 成本
  • 空間要求
  • 減少電磁場
  • 基金會

第12章塔式或塔式

• 懸塔
• 假陽具塔
• 角塔
• 滯留塔
• 換位塔
• 鋼塔安裝
• 塔式設計元素

第十三章塔和單極子的使用壽命和維護

• 使用壽命
• 維護

第14章電線桿設計競賽

第15章電線桿國內市場：配電桿和電線桿

• 美國
• 電線桿的歷史
• 其他電線桿材料
• 歐洲
• 奧地利
• 塞浦路斯
• 捷克共和國
• 芬蘭
• 法國
• 德國
• 希臘
• 愛爾蘭
• 荷蘭
• 挪威
• 西班牙
• 瑞典
• 瑞士
• 英國
• 俄羅斯
• 亞太地區
• 日本
• 中國
• 印度
• 韓國
• 新加坡和澳門
• 澳大利亞
• 中東
• 沙特阿拉伯
• 阿拉伯聯合酋長國
• 阿曼
• 非洲

第16章路燈

• 世界路燈庫存

第17章停車場

• 美國
• 歐洲
• 中國
• 日本
• 世界停車收入
• 停車場路燈柱

第18章被動安全

• 被動安全道路設備主要類別
• 無源安全桿式
• 安全材料
• 易碎電線桿型
• 分離桿和滑動底座桿
• 減震桿
• 高能量吸收 (HE)
• 低能量吸收 (LE)
• 非能量吸收 (NE)
• 被動安全概念的由來
• 歐盟的被動安全
• 歐盟國內法規
• 挪威
• 芬蘭
• 瑞典
• 比利時
• 荷蘭
• 英國
• 斯洛文尼亞
• 美國

第19章電線桿材料和使用壽命：常規材料木材、鋼材、混凝土

• 材料
• 使用
• 概述
• 尺寸分類
• H5 ~ H1
• 1-5
• 6-10
• 材料
• 樹
• 木材防腐劑
• 木材防腐劑污染浸出
• 鋼
• 混凝土
• 澆築混凝土柱
• 複合玻璃纖維
• 丟棄
• 木質電線桿的使用壽命
• 維護
• 地線處理
• 內部處理
• 混凝土桿的使用壽命
• 鋼棒的使用壽命
• 複合桿的使用壽命

第20章複合桿

• 簡介
• 聯合技術和極地在美國的發展
• 價格/成本
• 安全係數
• 用於製造過程的複合材料和材料
• 纖維纏繞
• 拉擠成型
• 綜合測試
• 斯堪的納維亞複合材料測試
• 挪威 Statnet
• 英國
• 複合桿的優點
• 複合材料和玻璃纖維維護
• 複合材料和其他材料的使用壽命
• 硬件更改
• 模塊化桿

第21章電線桿類型

• 其他設備
• 接地棒
• 保留支柱
• 物理訪問
• 施工分類

第22章柱子之間的距離

第23章共享電線桿的空間分配

• 供應空間
• 安全區空間
• 交流空間
• 典型通信電纜

第 24 章塔和電線桿製造商-鋼、木材、混凝土

• 中國
• 塔製造商
• 電線桿
• 印度
• 鋼塔
• 電線桿
• 馬來西亞
• 太平洋
• 澳大利亞
• 電線桿
• 北美
• 鋼塔
• 電線桿
• 南美洲
• 巴西
• 塔和電線桿
• 歐洲
• 荷蘭
• 瑞典
• 英國
• 中東
• 塔和電線桿
• 非洲
• 電線桿
• 非洲製造商
• 肯尼亞

第25章複合桿及五金製造商

• 美國
• 橫臂
• 歐洲
• 中東
• 印度
• 中國

第26章電路相位和導體

• 單迴路
• 雙迴路
• 多個導體
• 多次使□□用走廊的限制

第27章路權

• 在其他領域多次使用

第28章鳥的危險

• 問題範圍
• 電死動態
• 碰撞緩解和預防
• 減輕和預防觸電

調查方法

• 安裝基礎和需求
• 需求週期模型
• 塔和電線桿數量：按段
• 創建輸電塔和配電桿數據庫
• 電線桿
• 路燈
• 停車燈
• 需求
• 輸配電網絡、電信、路燈的增長
• 全新安裝和更換

圖表

Transmission and Telecoms Towers and Monopoles Utility Poles, Street & Parking Lights.

415,000 lattice towers and 63 million utility poles were sold in 2019 for electricity transmission and distribution, telecoms, and street and car park lighting, each fall-ing in 2020 due to Covid-19.

The installed base and annual demand of the tower and pole fleet are analysed by:

• Geography: World / 9 Regions / 217 Countries

End-user segments:

• Electricity transmission lattice towers
• Telecom lattice towers
• Electricity transmission monopoles
• Telecom macro
• monopoles
• Telecom small cell poles
• Electricity distribution poles
• Telephone poles
• Street-light poles
• Car park light poles
• Total towers & poles

• Material: Wood / Concrete / Steel / Composite

• Pole length: ≥70' (21m) / 40'<70' (12-21m ) / <40' (12m )

• Annual demand; Units and $ value from 2019 to 2026

• Covid-19 - Review of impact of the pandemic, regional commentary, analysis of supply and demand.

• National market commentary for Utility Poles- Market commentary on installed bases and de-mand for utility poles in selected countries, with information on numbers and type of pole.

• Long term demand cycle The long term demand cycle is charted for new additions and replace-ments since 1900 and forecast to 2050.

• The March of the Monopoles - a growing trend from lattice towers to monopoles is analysed with country reviews.

• Street lighting - 323 million street and 29 million parking lights in a vigorous market driven by the conversion to high efficiency LEDs, urbanisation and passive safety.

• Parking is an urban priority and escalating population density puts pressure on demand for space. A small market for lighting poles to date but growing..........

• Materials are changing - wood remains popular, but growing demand for steel, concrete and composite poles is analysed.

• Composite poles industry, market development and production technology, with profiles of the main pro-ducers.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• Definitions and terms for supports
• The functions and types of supporter.
• All towers and poles, '000 units
• Global installed base of lattice towers and monopoles for electricity transmission and macro telecoms
• Global installed base utility poles for electricity distribution and telephone lines, streetlights and car par lights
• The market for supporters
• Lattice towers and poles annual sales, units and $ 2019 to 2026
• Sales of supporters by $ value in 2020 by type
• Revenue by region, $ billions
• Demand for poles by pole type
• The impact of Covid-19
• Long term demand trend - New and Replacement
• The value chain - the margin stack
• Types of lattice tower
• The growth of monopoles
• Production and manufacturers of towers and monopoles
• Streetlighting
• Lighting poles in the parking sector
• Passive Safety
• Materials
• Wood
• Steel & aluminium
• Concrete
• Composite

1. OVERVIEW OF SUPPORTERS - TOWERS AND POLES

• The different infrastructures in which towers and poles are used.
• Lattice towers, large monopoles and utility poles - owners and users
  • Lattice towers - Transco and MNO
  • Lattice towers -transco towers installed base 10.0 million,
  • Transco monopoles - installed base 6.9 million
  • Telecoms communications macro towers - installed base 5.1 million macro cell stations and MNO lattice towers 1.6 million
  • MNO macro monopoles - installed base 1.1 million
  • Utility poles installed base - electricity distribution (disco) 944 million poles - landline telephone communications 397 million poles
  • Dedicated telecoms small cell poles - 256,000
  • Streetlights - installed base 323.3 million
  • Car park lights - installed base 29.3 million
  • The market for supporters

2. ELECTRICITY AND TELECOM LATTICE TOWERS - INSTALLED POPULATION

• Development of transmission and telecom towers
• The increase of transmission voltages and its impact on replacement

3. ELECTRICITY AND TELECOM LATTICE TOWERS - SALES IN UNITS

• Sales of transmission and telecom lattice towers in units, 2020
  • Sales of transmission and telecom lattice towers in units, 2019-26

4. SALES OF TRANSMISSION AND TELECOM LATTICE TOWERS IN NOMINAL $ VALUE

• The comparison of real and nominal value

5. ELECTRICITY, TELEPHONE, STREETLIGHT & CAR PARK POLES - INSTALLED POPULATION

• Utility poles- electricity and telephone
• Streetlights
• Central management system (CMS)
• Car parks
• Telecoms small cell poles
• Passive safety

• Installed pole population by function
• Installed population by material; wood, concrete, steel, composite

6. ELECTRICITY, TELEPHONE, STREETLIGHT & CAR PARK POLES - SALES IN UNITS & $ VALUE

• Demand for poles

7. SALES OF POLES IN UNITS

• Sales of poles by length; < 40' (12 m), 40-<70' (12-21 m), ≥70' (21 m)
• Sales of poles by material; wood, steel, concrete, composite
• Sales of poles in units by region, 2019-26

8. SALES OF POLES IN NOMINAL $ VALUE

• The comparison of real and nominal value

• Sales of Sales in nominal $
• Sales of poles by length; < 40' (12 m), 40-<70' (12-21 m), ≥70' (21 m)
• Sales of poles by material; wood, steel, concrete, composite
• Sales of poles in nominal $ by region, 2019-26

9. THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE MARKET AND INDUSTRY FOR TOWERS AND POLES

• The mismatch between government, the media, the electrical utilities and the supply industry
  • Impact of the pandemic
  • The impact on the market has two dimensions, supply and demand.
  • North America
  • Europe
  • China
  • India
  • Pakistan
  • South America

10. LONG TERM DEMAND CYCLES FOR TOWERS AND POLES

• Growth of electricity transmission and distribution line networks, telecoms and streetlighting
  • New installations and replacements

11. TRANSMISSION - MONOPOLES vs. LATTICE TOWERS

• United States
  • Europe
  • Netherlands
• Scandinavia
  • Denmark
  • Iceland
  • Finland
  • France
  • Germany
  • Switzerland
  • United Kingdom
  • Italy
• Asia Pacific
  • China
  • Japan and Korea
  • India
• ASEAN
  • Mongolia
• Pacific
  • Australia and New Zealand
  • Latin America
  • South Africa
• Middle East
  • Cost
  • Space requirements
  • Reduction of the electromagnetic field
  • Foundations

12. TYPES OF TOWER OR PYLONS

• Suspension tower
• Tension towers
• Angle suspension tower
• Termination or dead-end towers, also called tension towers
• Transposition towers
• Tower Installation
  • 1. Build-up or piecemeal method.
  • 2. Section method
  • 3. Ground assembly method
  • 4. Helicopter method
• Elements of lattice tower design

13. SERVICE LIFE AND MAINTENANCE OF STEEL LATTICE TOWERS AND MONOPOLES

• Service Life
• Maintenance
• Phase 1 - Coffee Stain Rust
• Phase 2 - Abrasive Rust
• Phase 3 - Extensive Abrasive Rust
• Phase 4 - Crash

14. COMPETITIONS FOR TRANSMISSION POLE DESIGN

15. NATIONAL MARKETS FOR UTILITY POLES - ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION AND TELEPHONE

• United States
• The history of utility poles
• Other materials for utility poles
• Europe
• Austria
• Cyprus
• Czech Republic
• Finland
• France
• Germany
• Greece
• Ireland
• Netherlands
• Norway
• Spain
• Sweden
• Switzerland
• United Kingdom:
• Russia
• Asia Pacific
• Japan
• China
• India
• Korea
• Singapore and Macau
• Australia
• Middle East
• Saudi Arabia
• UAE
• Oman
• Africa

16. STREETLIGHTING

• The world stock of streetlights

17. PARKING

• United States
• Europe
• China
• Japan
• Global parking revenues
• Lighting poles in the parking sector

18. PASSIVE SAFETY

• The main categories of passive safety road equipment
• Passive safety pole types
• Safe materials
• Frangible pole types
• Breakaway and slip-base poles
• Impact-absorbing poles
• High energy absorbing (HE):
• Low Energy absorbing (LE)
• Non Energy absorbing (NE)
• The origins of the passive safety concept
• Passive Safety in the EU
• EU National regulations
• Norway
• Finland
• Sweden
• Belgium
• Netherlands
• United Kingdom
• Slovenia
• United States

19. UTILITY POLE MATERIALS AND SERVICE LIFE - TRADITIONAL MATERIALS WOOD, STEEL, CONCRETE

• Materials
• Use
• Description
• Size classification
• H5 - H1
• 1-5
• 6-10
• Materials
• Wood
• Wood preservatives
• Pollution from wood preservatives - Leaching
• Steel
• Concrete
• Spun and cast concrete poles
• Composites- fibreglass
• Disposal
• Wood poles service life
• Maintenance
• Ground line Treatment
• Internal Treatment
• Concrete poles service life
• Steel poles service life
• Composite poles service life

20. COMPOSITE POLES

• Introduction
• Development of composite technology and poles in the US
• Price/cost
• Safety factor
• Materials for composites and the manufacturing processes
• Filament winding
• Pultrusion
• Testing composites
• Scandinavian trials of composites
• Statnett Norway
• UK
• Advantages of composite poles
• Composite and fibreglass maintenance
• Service life of composites and other materials
• Hardware modifications
• Modular Poles
• 21.TYPES OF POLES
• Other equipment
• Grounding rod
• Dead-end (anchor or termination) poles
• Physical access
• Construction Classifications

22. POLE SPAN

23. SPACE ALLOCATION ON JOINT USE UTILITY POLES

• Supply Space
• Safety Zone Space
• Communications Space
• Typical communications cables

24. MANUFACTURERS OF TOWERS AND POLES - STEEL, WOOD, CONCRETE

• China
• Lattice tower manufacturers
• Poles
• India
• Towers
• Poles
• Malaysia
• Pacific
• Australia
• Poles
• North America
• Lattice towers
• Poles
• South America
• Brazil
• Towers and poles
• Europe
• Netherlands
• Sweden
• United Kingdom
• Middle East
• Towers and poles
• Africa
• Poles
• African manufacturers
• Kenya

25. MANUFACTURERS OF COMPOSITE POLES AND HARDWARE

• United States
• Cross arms
• Europe
• Middle East
• India
• China

26. CIRCUIT PHASES AND CONDUCTORS

• Single circuit
• Double circuit
• Multiple conductors
• Restrictions on multiple use of corridors

27. RIGHTS OF WAY

• Multiple use of ROWs

28. DANGER TO AND FROM BIRDS

• Extent of the problem
• The mechanics of an electrocution
• Mitigation and prevention of collisions
• Mitigation and prevention of electrocution

METHODOLOGY

• The installed base and demand
• The model of the demand cycle
• Different segments of the tower and pole population
• Creation of the databases of electricity transmission towers and distribution poles
• Telephone poles
• Streetlights
• Car Parking lights
• Demand
• Growth of electricity transmission & distribution line networks, telecoms and streetlighting
• New installations and replacements

Illustrations

• Illustration 1: European countries installing new EHV monopoles
• Illustration 2: Some new designs being installed in Europe
• Illustration 3: New 400 kV monopole designs in the Netherlands
• Illustration 4: New EHV poles in Scandinavia
• Illustration 5: New 400 kV transmission monopoles in Denmark.
• Illustration 6: Mobile lift maintenance
• Illustration 7: Iceland new 220 kV transmission towers
• Illustration 8: New 400 kV and 275 kV transmission monopoles in the United Kingdom.
• Illustration 9: A camouflaged 400 kV transmission monopole in the United Kingdom
• Illustration 10: Terna and 380 kV monopoles
• Illustration 11: New 380 kV monopole in Dubai
• Illustration 12: Reduction of electromagnetic fields and space requirements
• Illustration 13: Economy of foundations
• Illustration 14: Suspension tower, single steel pole
• Illustration 15: Lattice steel suspension tower (L6 used in the United Kingdom)
• Illustration 16: Installation of transmission tower by helicopter
• Illustration 17: Phase 1 - Coffee Stain Rust
• Illustration 18: Phase 2 - Abrasive Rust
• Illustration 19: Phase 3 - Abrasive Rust
• Illustration 20: Phase 3 - The tower falls
• Illustration 21: The BOLD competition winner, 2018
• Illustration 22: STRAW, winner of the Statnett competition, 2018
• Illustration 23: Winner of the UK competition, 2011
• Illustration 24: Pole design offered by National Grid
• Illustration 25: The Land of Giants, Iceland, Choi & Shine
• Illustration 26: Early poles in the United States
• Illustration 27: The Detroit railroad concrete catenary structure
• Illustration 28: Early use of granite telephone poles in Switzerland
• Illustration 29: Utility pole in Japan
• Illustration 30: A Stobie pole in Australia
• Illustration 31: A mechanical parking structure
• Illustration 32: 60 mph crash test with 114 mm post
• Illustration 33: Slip-base poles
• Illustration 34:Impact absorbing pole
• Illustration 35: Wood joint use pole in the USA
• Illustration 36: Decorative Wood light pole in the USA
• Illustration 37: Decorative Wood light pole by Tehomet in Europe, a Valmont subsidiary
• Illustration 38: Union Metal steel pole installation, 1927 and 2018
• Illustration 39: A Stobie pole in Australia, electricity and streetlight
• Illustration 40: Decay in a wood utility pole
• Illustration 41: A nest of poles for shipment
• Illustration 42: Double-circuit, 138-kV line on wood structures
• Illustration 43: Double-circuit, 138-kV line on galvanized steel poles
• Illustration 44: Single-circuit 138-kV line on weathering steel
• Illustration 45: H-frame wood structure
• Illustration 46: Poles for single phase line in Laos
• Illustration 47: Tower for single circuit, three phase system (three conductors)
• Illustration 48: Tower for double circuit, three phase system (six conductors)
• Illustration 49: Tower for multiple circuits, three phase system (twelve conductors)
• Illustration 50: Multiple lines, lattice towers and monopoles in same corridor
• Illustration 51: A distribution line right of way
• Illustration 52: A wetland-scrub/shrub-dominated community the first year after a mow.
• Illustration 53: A grass-dominated community in an agricultural matrix the first year after a mow.
• Illustration 54: Blue crane electrocuted in South Africa
• Illustration 55: White storks in their nest on a utility pole in Vladeni in Romania
• Illustration 56: Distribution pole with symmetric chevron (arrow) on top as bird exclusion device
• Illustration 57: Dedicated nesting pole next to distribution pole with bird exclusion device

Figures

• Figure 1: The global population of towers and poles in 2020 by primary user/owner
• Figure 2: Lattice towers and poles annual sales, units and $ 2019 to 2026
• Figure 3: Sales of supporters by $ value in 2020 by type
• Figure 4: The global growth of transmission and telecoms towers from 1950 to 2020.
• Figure 5: The evolution of transmission line voltage, the first introductions
• Figure 6: Sales of lattice towers in real 2020 and nominal $
• Figure 7: Road length and streetlights
• Figure 8: Demand for poles by function, 2020
• Figure 9: Demand for poles by pole length, 2020
• Figure 10: Demand for poles by material, 2020
• Figure 11: Sales of poles in real 2020 and nominal $
• Figure 12: Installed base of poles and annual demand in million poles, 1900 to 2050
• Figure 13: Demand for poles, new and replacement 1900 to 2050
• Figure 14: New additions and replacements of poles with a 35-year service life, 1900 to 2040
• Figure 15: The market for lattice towers and poles in the USA, $, 2017
• Figure 16: Comparison of the footprint of a monopole versus a lattice tower.
• Figure 17: Peak and Cage of a Transmission Tower
• Figure 18: Cross Arm and Body of a Transmission Tower
• Figure 19: 220-kV single-circuit LST
• Figure 20: 500-kV single-circuit LST
• Figure 21: 220-kV double-circuit LST
• Figure 22: 500-kV double-circuit LST
• Figure 23: The principle of exponential corrosion
• Figure 24: Road length and streetlights
• Figure 25: Stock of streetlights in the world 2018 to 2025
• Figure 26: Comparison of the numbers of motor vehicles and available parking spaces in three of China's largest cities
• Figure 27: Classification of parking as aces in Japan
• Figure 28: HE, LE and NE passive safety poles performance in a collision
• Figure 29: Percentage share of road deaths per road type (2007-2009 average) ranked by the percentage share of road deaths on a rural roads and motorways taken together
• Figure 30: Outline of potential decay patterns
• Figure 31: Space allocations on a joint utility pole
• Figure 32: Supply space on a utility pole
• Figure 33: Safety Zone Space on a utility pole
• Figure 34: The Communications Space in a utility pole
• Figure 35: An example of a single ROW corridor.
• Figure 36: An example of parallel transmission ROW corridor
• Figure 37: Typical European right of way cross section, self-supporting tower
• Figure 38: Typical European right of way cross section, guyed tower
• Figure 39: Right-of-way comparison for equivalent capacity of 765-kV and 345-kV lines
• Figure 40: An example of a pole-mounted transformer
• Figure 41: Installed base of poles and annual demand in million poles, 1900 to 2050
• Figure 42 Demand for poles, new and replacement 1900 to 2050
• Figure 43: New additions and replacements of poles with a 35 year service life, 1900 to 2040

Tables

• Table 1: The functions and types of supporter.
• Table 2: Sales in 2020 as a % of 2019 sales in units by region
• Table 3: Installed population of transmission and telecom lattice towers by region, 2020
• Table 4: Installed population of transmission and telecom lattice towers by country, Europe, 2020
• Table 5: Installed population of transmission and telecom lattice towers by country, CIS, 2020
• Table 6: Installed population of transmission and telecom lattice towers by country, Middle East, 2020
• Table 7: Installed population of transmission and telecom lattice towers by country, North Africa, 2020
• Table 8: Installed population of transmission and telecom lattice towers by country, Sub-Saharan Africa, 2020
• Table 9: Installed population of transmission and telecom lattice towers by country, Asia, 2020
• Table 10: Installed population of transmission and telecom lattice towers by country, Pacific, 2020
• Table 11: Installed population of transmission and telecom lattice towers by country, North America, 2020
• Table 12: Installed population of transmission and telecom lattice towers by country, South America, 2020
• Table 13: Installed population of transmission and telecom lattice towers by country, Central America, 2020
• Table 14: Sales of transmission and telecom lattice towers in units by region, 2020
• Table 15: Sales of transmission and telecom lattice towers in units by country, Europe, 2020
• Table 16: Sales of transmission and telecom lattice towers in units by country, CIS, 2020
• Table 17: Sales of transmission and telecom lattice towers in units by country, Middle East, 2020
• Table 18: Sales of transmission and telecom lattice towers in units by country, North Africa, 2020
• Table 19: Sales of transmission and telecom lattice towers in units by country, Sub-Saharan Africa, 2020
• Table 20: Sales of transmission and telecom lattice towers in units by country, Asia, 2020
• Table 21: Sales of transmission and telecom lattice towers in units by country, Pacific, 2020
• Table 22: Sales of transmission and telecom lattice towers in units by country, North America, 2020
• Table 23: Sales of transmission and telecom lattice towers in units by country, South America, 2020
• Table 24: Sales of transmission and telecom lattice towers in units by country, Central America, 2020
• Table 25: Sales of transmission and telecom lattice towers in units by region, 2019-26
• Table 26: Sales of transmission and telecom lattice towers in units by country, Europe, 2019-26
• Table 27: Sales of transmission and telecom lattice towers in units by country, CIS, 2019-26
• Table 28: Sales of transmission and telecom lattice towers in units by country, Middle East, 2019-26
• Table 29: Sales of transmission and telecom lattice towers units by country, North Africa, 2019-26
• Table 30: Sales of transmission and telecom lattice towers in units by country, Sub-Saharan Africa, 2019-26
• Table 31: Sales of transmission and telecom lattice towers in units by country, Asia, 2019-26
• Table 32: Sales of transmission and telecom lattice towers in units by country, Pacific, 2019-26
• Table 33: Sales of transmission and telecom lattice towers in units by country, North America, 2019-26
• Table 34: Sales of transmission and telecom lattice towers in units by country, South America, 2019-26
• Table 35: Sales of transmission and telecom lattice towers in units by country, Central America, 2019-26
• Table 36: Sales of transmission and telecom lattice towers in nominal $ by region, 2019-26
• Table 37: Sales of transmission and telecom lattice towers in nominal $ by country, Europe, 2019-26
• Table 38: Sales of transmission and telecom lattice towers in nominal $ by country, CIS, 2019-26
• Table 39: Sales of transmission and telecom lattice towers in nominal $ by country, Middle East, 2019-26
• Table 40: Sales of transmission and telecom lattice towers in nominal $ by country, North Africa, 2019-26
• Table 41: Sales of transmission and telecom lattice towers in nominal $ by country, Sub-Saharan Africa, 2019-26
• Table 42: Sales of transmission and telecom lattice towers in nominal $ by country, Asia,
• Table 43: Sales of transmission and telecom lattice towers in nominal $ by country, Pacific, 2019-26
• Table 44: Sales of transmission and telecom lattice towers in nominal $ by country, North America, 2019-26
• Table 45: Sales of transmission and telecom lattice towers in nominal $ by country, South America, 2019-26
• Table 46: Sales of transmission and telecom lattice towers in nominal $ by country, Central America, 2019-26
• Table 47: Installed population of poles in units by function and region, 2020
• Table 48: Installed population of poles in units by function by country, Europe, 2020
• Table 49: Installed population of poles in units by country, CIS, 2020
• Table 50: Installed population of poles in units by function by country, Middle East, 2020
• Table 51: Installed population of poles in units by function by country, North Africa, 2020
• Table 52: Installed population of poles in units by function by country, Sub-Saharan Africa, 2020
• Table 53: Installed population of poles in units by function by country, Asia, 2020
• Table 54: Installed population of poles in units by function by country, Pacific, 2020
• Table 55: Installed population of poles in units by function by country, North America, 2020
• Table 56: Installed population of poles in units by function by country, South America, 2020
• Table 57: Installed population of poles in units by function by country, Central America, 2020
• Table 58: Installed population of poles in units by function and region, 2020
• Table 59: Installed population of poles in units by material by country, Europe, 2020
• Table 60: Installed population of poles in units by material by country, CIS, 2020
• Table 61: Installed population of poles in units by material by country, Middle East, 2020
• Table 62: Installed population of poles in units by material by country, North Africa, 2020
• Table 63: Installed population of poles in units by material by country, Sub-Saharan Africa, 2020
• Table 64: Installed population of poles in units by material by country, Asia, 2020
• Table 65: Installed population poles in units by function by country, Pacific, 2020
• Table 66: Installed population of poles in units by material by country, North America, 2020
• Table 67: Installed population of poles in units by material by country, South America, 2020
• Table 68: Installed population of poles in units by material by country, Central America, 2020
• Table 69: Sales of poles in units by function and region, 2020
• Table 70: Sales of poles in units by function by country, Europe, 2020
• Table 71: Sales of poles in units by country, CIS, 2020
• Table 72: Sales of poles in units by function by country, Middle East, 2020
• Table 73: Sales of poles in units by function by country, North Africa, 2020
• Table 74: Sales of poles in units by function by country, Sub-Saharan Africa, 2020
• Table 75: Sales of poles in units by function by country, Asia, 2020
• Table 76: Sales of poles in units by function by country, Pacific, 2020
• Table 77: Sales of poles in units by function by country, North America, 2020
• Table 78: Sales of poles in units by function by country, South America, 2020
• Table 79: Sales of poles in units by function by country, Central America, 2020
• Table 80: Sales of poles in units by length and region, 2020
• Table 81: Sales of poles in units by length by country, Europe, 2020
• Table 82: Sales of poles in units by length by country, CIS, 2020
• Table 83: Sales of poles in units by length by country, Middle East, 2020
• Table 84: Sales of poles in units by length by country, North Africa, 2020
• Table 85: Sales of poles in units by length by country, Sub-Saharan Africa, 2020
• Table 86: Sales of poles in units by length by country, Asia, 2020
• Table 87: Sales of poles in units by length by country, Pacific, 2020
• Table 88: Sales of poles in units by length by country, North America, 2020
• Table 89: Sales of poles in units by length by country, South America, 2020
• Table 90: Sales of poles in units by length by country, Central America, 2020
• Table 91: Sales of poles in units by material and region, 2020
• Table 92: Sales of poles in units by material by country, Europe, 2020
• Table 93: Sales of poles in units by material by country, CIS, 2020
• Table 94: Sales of poles in units by material by country, Middle East, 2020
• Table 95: Sales of poles in units by material by country, North Africa, 2020
• Table 96: Sales of poles in units by material by country, Sub-Saharan Africa, 2020
• Table 97: Sales of poles in units by material by country, Asia, 2020
• Table 98: Sales of poles in units by function by country, Pacific, 2020
• Table 99: Sales of poles in units by material by country, North America, 2020
• Table 100: Sales of poles in units by material by country, South America, 2020
• Table 101: Sales of poles in units by material by country, Central America, 2020
• Table 102: Sales of poles in units by region, 2019-26
• Table 103: Sales of poles in units by country, Europe, 2019-26
• Table 103: Sales of poles in units by country, CIS, 2019-26
• Table 104: Sales of poles in units by country, Middle East, 2019-26
• Table 105: Sales of poles in units by country, North Africa, 2019-26
• Table 106: Sales of in units by country, Sub-Saharan Africa, 2019-26
• Table 107: Sales of poles in units by country, Asia, 2019-26
• Table 108: Sales of poles in units by country, Pacific, 2019-26
• Table 109: Sales of poles in units by country, North America, 2019-26
• Table 110: Sales of poles in units by country, South America, 2019-26
• Table 111: Sales of poles in units by country, Central America, 2019-26
• Table 112: Sales of poles in nominal $ by function and region, 2020
• Table 113: Sales of poles in nominal $ by function by country, Europe, 2020
• Table 114: Sales of poles in units by country, CIS, 2020
• Table 115: Sales of poles in nominal $ by function by country, Middle East, 2020
• Table 116: Sales of poles in nominal $ by function by country, North Africa, 2020
• Table 117: Sales of poles in nominal $ by function by country, Sub-Saharan Africa, 2020
• Table 118: Sales of poles in nominal $ by function by country, Asia, 2020
• Table 119: Sales of poles in nominal $ by function by country, Pacific, 2020
• Table 120: Sales of poles in nominal $ by function by country, North America, 2020
• Table 121: Sales of poles in nominal $ by function by country, South America, 2020
• Table 122: Sales of poles in nominal $ by function by country, Central America, 2020
• Table 123: Sales of poles in nominal $ by length and region, 2020
• Table 124: Sales of poles in nominal $ by length by country, Europe, 2020
• Table 125: Sales of poles in nominal $ by length by country, CIS, 2020
• Table 126: Sales of poles in nominal $by length by country, Middle East, 2020
• Table 127: Sales of poles in nominal $ by length by country, North Africa, 2020
• Table 128: Sales of poles in nominal $ by length by country, Sub-Saharan Africa, 2020
• Table 129: Sales of poles in nominal $by length by country, Asia, 2020
• Table 130: Sales of poles in nominal $ by length by country, Pacific, 2020
• Table 131: Sales of poles in nominal $ by length by country, North America, 2020
• Table 132: Sales of poles in units by length by country, South America, 2020
• Table 133: Sales of poles in nominal $ by length by country, Central America, 2020
• Table 134: Sales of poles in nominal $ by material and region, 2020
• Table 135: Sales of poles in nominal $ by material by country, Europe, 2020
• Table 136: Sales of poles in nominal $by material by country, CIS, 2020
• Table 137: Sales of poles in nominal $ by material by country, Middle East, 2020
• Table 138: Sales of poles in nominal $ by material by country, North Africa, 2020
• Table 139: Sales of poles in nominal $by material by country, Sub-Saharan Africa, 2020
• Table 140: Sales of poles in nominal $by material by country, Asia, 2020
• Table 141: Sales of poles in nominal $ by function by country, Pacific, 2020
• Table 142: Sales of poles in nominal $by material by country, North America, 2020
• Table 143: Sales of poles in nominal $ by material by country, South America, 2020
• Table 144: Sales of poles in nominal $ by material by country, Central America, 2020
• Table 145: Sales of poles in nominal $ by region, 2019-26
• Table 146: Sales of poles in nominal $ by country, Europe, 2019-26
• Table 147: Sales of poles in nominal $ by country, CIS, 2019-26
• Table 148: Sales of poles in nominal $ by country, Middle East, 2019-26
• Table 149: Sales of poles in nominal $ by country, North Africa, 2019-26
• Table 150: Sales of in nominal $ by country, Sub-Saharan Africa, 2019-26
• Table 151: Sales of poles in nominal $ by country, Asia, 2019-26
• Table 152: Sales of poles in nominal $ by country, Pacific, 2019-26
• Table 153: Sales of poles in nominal $ by country, North America, 2019-26
• Table 154: Sales of poles in nominal $ by country, South America, 2019-26
• Table 155: Sales of poles in nominal $ by country, Central America, 2019-26
• Table 157: Description and cost of repairs
• Table 158: Road length and streetlights
• Table 159: Installed stock of streetlights in the world 2018 to 2025
• Table 160: Installed base of lighting poles in parking lots by major countries, 2020
• Table 161: Installed base of lighting poles in parking lots in Europe, 2020
• Table 162: Annual new and replacement sales of poles for parking lots
• Table 158: Manufacturers of Towers, with production capacity
• Table 164: Estimates of the annual number of collision victims with above ground transmission lines (excluding distribution lines) for three different countries.
• Table 165: The size of large raptors