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質子交換膜 (PEM) 的全球市場:2024年
市場調查報告書
商品編碼
1432268

質子交換膜 (PEM) 的全球市場:2024年

Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Market Research Report 2024
出版日期: | 出版商: QYResearch | 英文 151 Pages | 商品交期: 2-3個工作天內

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全球質子交換膜（PEM）市場規模預計將從2023年的13.2227億美元成長到2030年的30.7471億美元，預測期內複合年增長率為12.48%。

北美市場預計將從 2023 年的 4.3318 億美元成長到 2030 年的 9.3502 億美元，預測期內複合年增長率為 11.22%。預計到2030年，亞太市場將達到13.6179億美元，相比2023年的5.4159億美元，複合年增長率為13.77%。

本報告提供全球質子交換膜 (PEM) 的市場調查，彙整市場及產品概要，競爭情形，製造數量·製造額·消費量的轉變·預測，各種區分·地區/各主要國家的詳細分析，價格趨勢，市場成長的各種影響因素分析，主要企業的分析等資料。

目錄

第1章 質子交換膜 (PEM):市場概要

  • 產品定義
  • 質子交換膜 (PEM):各類型
    • 成長率分析:2023 vs 2030
    • 全氟磺酸膜
    • 部分氟化聚合物薄膜
    • 多環芳香族聚合物薄膜
    • 其他
  • 質子交換膜 (PEM):各用途
    • 成長率分析:2023 vs 2030
    • 燃料電池
    • 電解水製氫
    • 氯鹼業
    • 其他
  • 全球市場的成長預測
    • 製造額的轉變·預測
    • 製造能力的轉變·預測
    • 製造數量的轉變·預測
    • 平均價格的轉變·預測
  • 前提與限制

第2章 競爭情形:不同製造商

  • 製造數量的佔有率:不同製造商
  • 製造額的佔有率:不同製造商
  • 主要企業·產業排行榜
  • 市場佔有率:各類型企業
  • 平均價格:不同製造商
  • 全球主要製造商:製造地的分佈·總公司
  • 全球主要製造商:提供委產品·用途
  • 全球主要製造商:進入日
  • 競爭情形·趨勢
  • M&A·擴張

第3章 質子交換膜 (PEM) 的製造趨勢:各地區

  • 製造額的估計·預測:2019 vs 2023 vs 2030
  • 製造額的轉變·預測·市場佔有率
  • 製造數量的估計·預測:2019 vs 2023 vs 2030
  • 製造數量的轉變·預測·市場佔有率
  • 價格分析
  • 製造數量·製造額·與前一年同期比較成長率
    • 北美
    • 歐洲
    • 中國
    • 日本

第4章 質子交換膜 (PEM) 的消費趨勢:各地區

  • 消費量的估計·預測:2019 vs 2023 vs 2030
  • 消費量的轉變·預測
  • 北美
  • 歐洲
  • 亞太地區
  • 南美
  • 中東·非洲

第5章 各類型市場區隔

  • 製造數量的轉變·預測·市場佔有率
  • 製造額的轉變·預測·市場佔有率
  • 價格的轉變·預測

第6章 各用途市場區隔

  • 製造數量的轉變·預測·市場佔有率
  • 製造額的轉變·預測·市場佔有率
  • 價格的轉變·預測

第7章 主要企業概要

  • Gore
  • Chemours
  • Asahi Kasei
  • AGC
  • Dongyue Group
  • Solvay
  • FUMATECH BWT GmbH(BWT Group)
  • Ionomr
  • BASF
  • Ballard Power Systems
  • De Nora
  • DuPont
  • 3M
  • Johnson Matthey
  • Accelera
  • NedStack
  • Plug Power

第8章 產業鏈·銷售管道的分析

  • 產業鏈分析
  • 主要的原料
  • 製造方式·流程
  • 銷售及行銷
  • 客戶

第9章 質子交換膜 (PEM):市場動態

  • 產業趨勢
  • 推動市場要素
  • 市場課題
  • 阻礙市場要素

第10章 調查結果·總論

第11章 調查手法·資料來源

The global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) market was valued at US$ 1,322.27 million in 2023 and is anticipated to reach US$ 3,074.71 million by 2030, witnessing a CAGR of 12.48% during the forecast period 2024-2030.

North American market for Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) is estimated to increase from $ 433.18 million in 2023 to reach $ 935.02 million by 2030, at a CAGR of 11.22% during the forecast period of 2024 through 2030.

Asia-Pacific market for Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) is estimated to increase from $ 541.59 million in 2023 to reach $ 1,361.79 million by 2030, at a CAGR of 13.77% during the forecast period of 2024 through 2030.

The major global manufacturers of Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) include Gore, Chemours, Asahi Kasei, AGC, Dongyue Group, Solvay, Ballard, FUMATECH BWT GmbH(BWT Group), and Ionomr, etc. in 2023, the world's top three vendors accounted for approximately 60.58% of the revenue.

This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM), with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM).

The Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) market size, estimations, and forecasts are provided in terms of output/shipments (K Sqm) and revenue ($ millions), considering 2023 as the base year, with history and forecast data for the period from 2019 to 2030. This report segments the global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) market comprehensively. Regional market sizes, concerning products by Type, by Application, and by players, are also provided.

For a more in-depth understanding of the market, the report provides profiles of the competitive landscape, key competitors, and their respective market ranks. The report also discusses technological trends and new product developments.

The report will help the Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) manufacturers, new entrants, and industry chain related companies in this market with information on the revenues, production, and average price for the overall market and the sub-segments across the different segments, by company, by Type, by Application, and by regions.

Market Segmentation

By Company

  • Gore
  • Chemours
  • Asahi Kasei
  • AGC
  • Dongyue Group
  • Solvay
  • FUMATECH BWT GmbH(BWT Group)
  • Ionomr
  • BASF
  • Ballard Power Systems
  • De Nora
  • DuPont
  • 3M
  • Johnson Matthey
  • Accelera
  • NedStack
  • Plug Power

Segment by Type

  • Perfluorosulfonic Acid Membrane
  • Partially Fluorinated Polymers Membrane
  • Polyaromatic Polymers Membrane
  • Others

Segment by Application

  • Fuel Cell
  • Hydrogen Generation by Water Electrolysis
  • Chlor-Alkali Industry
  • Others

Production by Region

  • North America
  • Europe
  • China
  • Japan

Consumption by Region

  • North America
  • U.S.
  • Canada
  • Asia-Pacific
  • China
  • Japan
  • South Korea
  • China Taiwan
  • Southeast Asia
  • Europe
  • Germany
  • France
  • U.K.
  • Italy
  • Spain
  • Rest of Europe
  • South America
  • Mexico
  • Brazil
  • Rest of South America

Chapter Outline

Chapter 1: Introduces the report scope of the report, executive summary of different market segments (by region, by Type, by Application, etc), including the market size of each market segment, future development potential, and so on. It offers a high-level view of the current state of the market and its likely evolution in the short to mid-term, and long term.

Chapter 2: Detailed analysis of Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) manufacturers competitive landscape, price, production and value market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.

Chapter 3: Production/output, value of Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) by region/country. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region in the next six years.

Chapter 4: Consumption of Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space, and production of each country in the world.

Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.

Chapter 6: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.

Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product production/output, value, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.

Chapter 8: Analysis of industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry.

Chapter 9: Introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.

Chapter 10: The main points and conclusions of the report.

Table of Contents

1 Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Market Overview

  • 1.1 Product Definition
  • 1.2 Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) by Type
    • 1.2.1 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Market Value Growth Rate Analysis by Type: 2023 VS 2030
    • 1.2.2 Perfluorosulfonic Acid Membrane
    • 1.2.3 Partially Fluorinated Polymers Membrane
    • 1.2.4 Polyaromatic Polymers Membrane
    • 1.2.5 Others
  • 1.3 Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) by Application
    • 1.3.1 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Market Value Growth Rate Analysis by Application: 2023 VS 2030
    • 1.3.2 Fuel Cell
    • 1.3.3 Hydrogen Generation by Water Electrolysis
    • 1.3.4 Chlor-Alkali Industry
    • 1.3.5 Others
  • 1.4 Global Market Growth Prospects
    • 1.4.1 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
    • 1.4.2 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Capacity Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
    • 1.4.3 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
    • 1.4.4 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Market Average Price Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
  • 1.5 Assumptions and Limitations

2 Market Competition by Manufacturers

  • 2.1 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
  • 2.2 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
  • 2.3 Global Key Players of Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM), Industry Ranking, 2022 VS 2023
  • 2.4 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
  • 2.5 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Average Price by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
  • 2.6 Global Key Manufacturers of Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM), Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
  • 2.7 Global Key Manufacturers of Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM), Product Offered and Application
  • 2.8 Global Key Manufacturers of Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM), Date of Enter into This Industry
  • 2.9 Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Market Competitive Situation and Trends
    • 2.9.1 Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Market Concentration Rate
    • 2.9.2 Global 5 Largest Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Players Market Share by Revenue
  • 2.10 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

3 Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production by Region

  • 3.1 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
  • 3.2 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value by Region (2019-2030)
    • 3.2.1 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
    • 3.2.2 Global Forecasted Production Value of Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) by Region (2025-2030)
  • 3.3 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
  • 3.4 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production by Region (2019-2030)
    • 3.4.1 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
    • 3.4.2 Global Forecasted Production of Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) by Region (2025-2030)
  • 3.5 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Market Price Analysis by Region (2019-2024)
  • 3.6 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production and Value, Year-over-Year Growth
    • 3.6.1 North America Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
    • 3.6.2 Europe Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
    • 3.6.3 China Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
    • 3.6.4 Japan Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)

4 Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption by Region

  • 4.1 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
  • 4.2 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption by Region (2019-2030)
    • 4.2.1 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption by Region (2019-2030)
    • 4.2.2 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Forecasted Consumption by Region (2025-2030)
  • 4.3 North America
    • 4.3.1 North America Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
    • 4.3.2 North America Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption by Country (2019-2030)
    • 4.3.3 U.S.
    • 4.3.4 Canada
  • 4.4 Europe
    • 4.4.1 Europe Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
    • 4.4.2 Europe Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption by Country (2019-2030)
    • 4.4.3 Germany
    • 4.4.4 France
    • 4.4.5 U.K.
    • 4.4.6 Italy
    • 4.4.7 Spain
  • 4.5 Asia Pacific
    • 4.5.1 Asia Pacific Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
    • 4.5.2 Asia Pacific Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption by Region (2019-2030)
    • 4.5.3 China
    • 4.5.4 Japan
    • 4.5.5 South Korea
    • 4.5.6 China Taiwan
    • 4.5.7 Southeast Asia
  • 4.6 Latin America
    • 4.6.1 Latin America Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
    • 4.6.2 Latin America Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption by Country (2019-2030)
    • 4.6.3 Mexico
    • 4.6.4 Brazil
  • 4.7 Middle East & Africa
    • 4.7.1 Middle East & Africa Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
    • 4.7.2 Middle East & Africa Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption by Country (2019-2030)
    • 4.7.3 Middle East
    • 4.7.4 Africa

5 Segment by Type

  • 5.1 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production by Type (2019-2030)
    • 5.1.1 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production by Type (2019-2024)
    • 5.1.2 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production by Type (2025-2030)
    • 5.1.3 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
  • 5.2 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value by Type (2019-2030)
    • 5.2.1 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value by Type (2019-2024)
    • 5.2.2 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value by Type (2025-2030)
    • 5.2.3 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
  • 5.3 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Price by Type (2019-2030)

6 Segment by Application

  • 6.1 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production by Application (2019-2030)
    • 6.1.1 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production by Application (2019-2024)
    • 6.1.2 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production by Application (2025-2030)
    • 6.1.3 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
  • 6.2 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value by Application (2019-2030)
    • 6.2.1 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value by Application (2019-2024)
    • 6.2.2 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value by Application (2025-2030)
    • 6.2.3 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
  • 6.3 Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Price by Application (2019-2030)

7 Key Companies Profiled

  • 7.1 Gore
    • 7.1.1 Gore Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Company Information
    • 7.1.2 Gore Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Product Portfolio
    • 7.1.3 Gore Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
    • 7.1.4 Gore Main Business and Markets Served
    • 7.1.5 Gore Recent Developments/Updates
  • 7.2 Chemours
    • 7.2.1 Chemours Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Company Information
    • 7.2.2 Chemours Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Product Portfolio
    • 7.2.3 Chemours Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
    • 7.2.4 Chemours Main Business and Markets Served
  • 7.3 Asahi Kasei
    • 7.3.1 Asahi Kasei Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Company Information
    • 7.3.2 Asahi Kasei Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Product Portfolio
    • 7.3.3 Asahi Kasei Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
    • 7.3.4 Asahi Kasei Main Business and Markets Served
  • 7.4 AGC
    • 7.4.1 AGC Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Company Information
    • 7.4.2 AGC Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Product Portfolio
    • 7.4.3 AGC Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
    • 7.4.4 AGC Main Business and Markets Served
  • 7.5 Dongyue Group
    • 7.5.1 Dongyue Group Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Company Information
    • 7.5.2 Dongyue Group Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Product Portfolio
    • 7.5.3 Dongyue Group Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
    • 7.5.4 Dongyue Group Main Business and Markets Served
  • 7.6 Solvay
    • 7.6.1 Solvay Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Company Information
    • 7.6.2 Solvay Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Product Portfolio
    • 7.6.3 Solvay Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
    • 7.6.4 Solvay Main Business and Markets Served
  • 7.7 FUMATECH BWT GmbH(BWT Group)
    • 7.7.1 FUMATECH BWT GmbH(BWT Group) Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Company Information
    • 7.7.2 FUMATECH BWT GmbH(BWT Group) Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Product Portfolio
    • 7.7.3 FUMATECH BWT GmbH(BWT Group) Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
    • 7.7.4 FUMATECH BWT GmbH(BWT Group) Main Business and Markets Served
  • 7.8 Ionomr
    • 7.8.1 Ionomr Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Company Information
    • 7.8.2 Ionomr Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Product Portfolio
    • 7.8.3 Ionomr Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
    • 7.8.4 Ionomr Main Business and Markets Served
  • 7.9 BASF
    • 7.9.1 BASF Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Company Information
    • 7.9.2 BASF Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Product Portfolio
    • 7.9.3 BASF Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
    • 7.9.4 BASF Main Business and Markets Served
    • 7.9.5 BASF Recent Developments/Updates
  • 7.10 Ballard Power Systems
    • 7.10.1 Ballard Power Systems Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Company Information
    • 7.10.2 Ballard Power Systems Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Product Portfolio
    • 7.10.3 Ballard Power Systems Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
    • 7.10.4 Ballard Power Systems Main Business and Markets Served
  • 7.11 De Nora
    • 7.11.1 De Nora Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Company Information
    • 7.11.2 De Nora Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Product Portfolio
    • 7.11.3 De Nora Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
    • 7.11.4 De Nora Main Business and Markets Served
    • 7.11.5 De Nora Recent Developments/Updates
  • 7.12 DuPont
    • 7.12.1 DuPont Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Company Information
    • 7.12.2 DuPont Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Product Portfolio
    • 7.12.3 DuPont Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
    • 7.12.4 DuPont Main Business and Markets Served
    • 7.12.5 DuPont Recent Developments/Updates
  • 7.13 3M
    • 7.13.1 3M Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Company Information
    • 7.13.2 3M Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Product Portfolio
    • 7.13.3 3M Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
    • 7.13.4 3M Main Business and Markets Served
    • 7.13.5 3M Recent Developments/Updates
  • 7.14 Johnson Matthey
    • 7.14.1 Johnson Matthey Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Company Information
    • 7.14.2 Johnson Matthey Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Product Portfolio
    • 7.14.3 Johnson Matthey Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
    • 7.14.4 Johnson Matthey Main Business and Markets Served
    • 7.14.5 Johnson Matthey Recent Developments/Updates
  • 7.15 Accelera
    • 7.15.1 Accelera Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Company Information
    • 7.15.2 Accelera Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Product Portfolio
    • 7.15.3 Accelera Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
    • 7.15.4 Accelera Main Business and Markets Served
  • 7.16 NedStack
    • 7.16.1 NedStack Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Company Information
    • 7.16.2 NedStack Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Product Portfolio
    • 7.16.3 NedStack Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
    • 7.16.4 NedStack Main Business and Markets Served
  • 7.17 Plug Power
    • 7.17.1 Plug Power Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Company Information
    • 7.17.2 Plug Power Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Product Portfolio
    • 7.17.3 Plug Power Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
    • 7.17.4 Plug Power Main Business and Markets Served

8 Industry Chain and Sales Channels Analysis

  • 8.1 Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Industry Chain Analysis
  • 8.2 Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Key Raw Materials
    • 8.2.1 Key Raw Materials
    • 8.2.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
  • 8.3 Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Mode & Process
  • 8.4 Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Sales and Marketing
    • 8.4.1 Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Sales Channels
    • 8.4.2 Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Distributors
  • 8.5 Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Customers

9 Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Market Dynamics

  • 9.1 Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Industry Trends
  • 9.2 Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Market Drivers
  • 9.3 Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Market Challenges
  • 9.4 Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Market Restraints

10 Research Findings and Conclusion

11 Methodology and Data Source

  • 11.1 Methodology/Research Approach
    • 11.1.1 Research Programs/Design
    • 11.1.2 Market Size Estimation
    • 11.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
  • 11.2 Data Source
    • 11.2.1 Secondary Sources
    • 11.2.2 Primary Sources
  • 11.3 Author List
  • 11.4 Disclaimer

List of Tables

  • Table 1. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2023 VS 2030)
  • Table 2. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2023 VS 2030)
  • Table 3. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production (K Sqm) by Manufacturers in 2023
  • Table 4. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production by Manufacturers (2019-2024) & (K Sqm)
  • Table 5. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
  • Table 6. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value by Manufacturers (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
  • Table 7. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
  • Table 8. Global Key Players of Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM), Industry Ranking, 2022 VS 2023
  • Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Production Value in Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) as of 2023)
  • Table 10. Global Market Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Average Price by Manufacturers (US$/Sqm) & (2019-2024)
  • Table 11. Global Key Manufacturers of Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM), Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
  • Table 12. Global Key Manufacturers of Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM), Product Offered and Application
  • Table 13. Global Key Manufacturers of Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM), Date of Enter into This Industry
  • Table 14. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
  • Table 15. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
  • Table 16. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Table 17. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value (US$ Million) by Region (2019-2024)
  • Table 18. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
  • Table 19. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value (US$ Million) Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
  • Table 20. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value Market Share Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
  • Table 21. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Comparison by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Sqm)
  • Table 22. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production (K Sqm) by Region (2019-2024)
  • Table 23. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
  • Table 24. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production (K Sqm) Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
  • Table 25. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
  • Table 26. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Market Average Price (US$/Sqm) by Region (2019-2024)
  • Table 27. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Market Average Price (US$/Sqm) by Region (2025-2030)
  • Table 28. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Sqm)
  • Table 29. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption by Region (2019-2024) & (K Sqm)
  • Table 30. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
  • Table 31. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Forecasted Consumption by Region (2025-2030) & (K Sqm)
  • Table 32. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Forecasted Consumption Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
  • Table 33. North America Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Sqm)
  • Table 34. North America Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption by Country (2019-2024) & (K Sqm)
  • Table 35. North America Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption by Country (2025-2030) & (K Sqm)
  • Table 36. Europe Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Sqm)
  • Table 37. Europe Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption by Country (2019-2024) & (K Sqm)
  • Table 38. Europe Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption by Country (2025-2030) & (K Sqm)
  • Table 39. Asia Pacific Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Sqm)
  • Table 40. Asia Pacific Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption by Region (2019-2024) & (K Sqm)
  • Table 41. Asia Pacific Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption by Region (2025-2030) & (K Sqm)
  • Table 42. Latin America Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Sqm)
  • Table 43. Latin America Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption by Country (2019-2024) & (K Sqm)
  • Table 44. Latin America Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption by Country (2025-2030) & (K Sqm)
  • Table 45. Middle East & Africa Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Sqm)
  • Table 46. Middle East & Africa Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption by Country (2019-2024) & (K Sqm)
  • Table 47. Middle East & Africa Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption by Country (2025-2030) & (K Sqm)
  • Table 48. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production (K Sqm) by Type (2019-2024)
  • Table 49. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production (K Sqm) by Type (2025-2030)
  • Table 50. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Market Share by Type (2019-2024)
  • Table 51. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Market Share by Type (2025-2030)
  • Table 52. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2019-2024)
  • Table 53. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2025-2030)
  • Table 54. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value Market Share by Type (2019-2024)
  • Table 55. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value Market Share by Type (2025-2030)
  • Table 56. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Price (US$/Sqm) by Type (2019-2024)
  • Table 57. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Price (US$/Sqm) by Type (2025-2030)
  • Table 58. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production (K Sqm) by Application (2019-2024)
  • Table 59. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production (K Sqm) by Application (2025-2030)
  • Table 60. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Market Share by Application (2019-2024)
  • Table 61. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Market Share by Application (2025-2030)
  • Table 62. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2019-2024)
  • Table 63. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2025-2030)
  • Table 64. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value Market Share by Application (2019-2024)
  • Table 65. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value Market Share by Application (2025-2030)
  • Table 66. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Price (US$/Sqm) by Application (2019-2024)
  • Table 67. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Price (US$/Sqm) by Application (2025-2030)
  • Table 68. Gore Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Company Information
  • Table 69. Gore Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Specification and Application
  • Table 70. Gore Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sqm) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  • Table 71. Gore Main Business and Markets Served
  • Table 72. Gore Recent Developments/Updates
  • Table 73. Chemours Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Company Information
  • Table 74. Chemours Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Specification and Application
  • Table 75. Chemours Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sqm) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  • Table 76. Chemours Main Business and Markets Served
  • Table 77. Asahi Kasei Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Company Information
  • Table 78. Asahi Kasei Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Specification and Application
  • Table 79. Asahi Kasei Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sqm) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  • Table 80. Asahi Kasei Main Business and Markets Served
  • Table 81. AGC Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Company Information
  • Table 82. AGC Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Specification and Application
  • Table 83. AGC Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sqm) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  • Table 84. AGC Main Business and Markets Served
  • Table 85. Dongyue Group Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Company Information
  • Table 86. Dongyue Group Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Specification and Application
  • Table 87. Dongyue Group Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sqm) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  • Table 88. Dongyue Group Main Business and Markets Served
  • Table 89. Solvay Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Company Information
  • Table 90. Solvay Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Specification and Application
  • Table 91. Solvay Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sqm) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  • Table 92. Solvay Main Business and Markets Served
  • Table 93. FUMATECH BWT GmbH(BWT Group) Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Company Information
  • Table 94. FUMATECH BWT GmbH(BWT Group) Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Specification and Application
  • Table 95. FUMATECH BWT GmbH(BWT Group) Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sqm) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  • Table 96. FUMATECH BWT GmbH(BWT Group) Main Business and Markets Served
  • Table 97. Ionomr Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Company Information
  • Table 98. Ionomr Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Specification and Application
  • Table 99. Ionomr Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sqm) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  • Table 100. Ionomr Main Business and Markets Served
  • Table 101. BASF Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Company Information
  • Table 102. BASF Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Specification and Application
  • Table 103. BASF Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sqm) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  • Table 104. BASF Main Business and Markets Served
  • Table 105. BASF Recent Developments/Updates
  • Table 106. Ballard Power Systems Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Company Information
  • Table 107. Ballard Power Systems Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Specification and Application
  • Table 108. Ballard Power Systems Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production (Tons), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  • Table 109. Ballard Power Systems Main Business and Markets Served
  • Table 110. De Nora Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Company Information
  • Table 111. De Nora Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Specification and Application
  • Table 112. De Nora Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sqm) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  • Table 113. De Nora Main Business and Markets Served
  • Table 114. De Nora Recent Developments/Updates
  • Table 115. DuPont Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Company Information
  • Table 116. DuPont Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Specification and Application
  • Table 117. DuPont Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sqm) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  • Table 118. DuPont Main Business and Markets Served
  • Table 119. DuPont Recent Developments/Updates
  • Table 120. 3M Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Company Information
  • Table 121. 3M Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Specification and Application
  • Table 122. 3M Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sqm) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  • Table 123. 3M Main Business and Markets Served
  • Table 124. 3M Recent Developments/Updates
  • Table 125. Johnson Matthey Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Company Information
  • Table 126. Johnson Matthey Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Specification and Application
  • Table 127. Johnson Matthey Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sqm) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  • Table 128. Johnson Matthey Main Business and Markets Served
  • Table 129. Johnson Matthey Recent Developments/Updates
  • Table 130. Accelera Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Company Information
  • Table 131. Accelera Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Specification and Application
  • Table 132. Accelera Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sqm) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  • Table 133. Accelera Main Business and Markets Served
  • Table 134. NedStack Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Company Information
  • Table 135. NedStack Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Specification and Application
  • Table 136. NedStack Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sqm) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  • Table 137. NedStack Main Business and Markets Served
  • Table 138. Plug Power Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Company Information
  • Table 139. Plug Power Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Specification and Application
  • Table 140. Plug Power Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sqm) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
  • Table 141. Plug Power Main Business and Markets Served
  • Table 142. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists
  • Table 143. Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Distributors List
  • Table 144. Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Customers List
  • Table 145. Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Market Trends
  • Table 146. Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Market Drivers
  • Table 147. Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Market Challenges
  • Table 148. Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Market Restraints
  • Table 149. Research Programs/Design for This Report
  • Table 150. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
  • Table 151. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
  • Table 152. Authors List of This Report

List of Figures

  • Figure 1. Product Picture of Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM)
  • Figure 2. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2023 VS 2030)
  • Figure 3. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Market Share by Type: 2023 VS 2030
  • Figure 4. Perfluorosulfonic Acid Membrane Product Picture
  • Figure 5. Partially Fluorinated Polymers Membrane Product Picture
  • Figure 6. Polyaromatic Polymers Membrane Product Picture
  • Figure 7. Composite Proton Product Picture
  • Figure 8. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2023 VS 2030)
  • Figure 9. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Market Share by Application: 2023 VS 2030
  • Figure 10. Fuel Cell
  • Figure 11. Hydrogen Generation by Water Electrolysis
  • Figure 12. Chlor-Alkali Industry
  • Figure 13. All-vanadium flow battery energy storage
  • Figure 14. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value (US$ Million), 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
  • Figure 15. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value (US$ Million) & (2019-2030)
  • Figure 16. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Capacity (K Sqm) & (2019-2030)
  • Figure 17. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production (K Sqm) & (2019-2030)
  • Figure 18. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Average Price (US$/Sqm) & (2019-2030)
  • Figure 19. Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Report Years Considered
  • Figure 20. Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Share by Manufacturers in 2023
  • Figure 21. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2023)
  • Figure 22. Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2023
  • Figure 23. The Global 5 Largest Players: Market Share by Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Revenue in 2023
  • Figure 24. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 25. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value Market Share by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
  • Figure 26. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Comparison by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Sqm)
  • Figure 27. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Market Share by Region: 2019-2030
  • Figure 28. North America Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2019-2030)
  • Figure 29. Europe Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2019-2030)
  • Figure 30. China Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2019-2030)
  • Figure 31. Japan Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2019-2030)
  • Figure 32. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Sqm)
  • Figure 33. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption Market Share by Region: 2019-2030
  • Figure 34. North America Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Sqm)
  • Figure 35. North America Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption Market Share by Country (2019-2030)
  • Figure 36. U.S. Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Sqm)
  • Figure 37. Canada Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Sqm)
  • Figure 38. Europe Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Sqm)
  • Figure 39. Europe Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption Market Share by Country (2019-2030)
  • Figure 40. Germany Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Sqm)
  • Figure 41. France Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Sqm)
  • Figure 42. U.K. Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Sqm)
  • Figure 43. Italy Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Sqm)
  • Figure 44. Spain Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Sqm)
  • Figure 45. Asia Pacific Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Sqm)
  • Figure 46. Asia Pacific Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption Market Share by Region (2025-2030)
  • Figure 47. China Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Sqm)
  • Figure 48. Japan Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Sqm)
  • Figure 49. South Korea Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Sqm)
  • Figure 50. China Taiwan Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Sqm)
  • Figure 51. Southeast Asia Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Sqm)
  • Figure 52. Latin America Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Sqm)
  • Figure 53. Latin America Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption Market Share by Country (2019-2030)
  • Figure 54. Mexico Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Sqm)
  • Figure 55. Brazil Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Sqm)
  • Figure 56. Middle East & Africa Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Sqm)
  • Figure 57. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption Market Share by Country (2019-2030)
  • Figure 58. Middle East Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Sqm)
  • Figure 59. Africa Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Sqm)
  • Figure 60. Global Production Market Share of Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) by Type (2019-2030)
  • Figure 61. Global Production Value Market Share of Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) by Type (2019-2030)
  • Figure 62. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Price (US$/Sqm) by Type (2019-2030)
  • Figure 63. Global Production Market Share of Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) by Application (2019-2030)
  • Figure 64. Global Production Value Market Share of Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) by Application (2019-2030)
  • Figure 65. Global Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Price (US$/Sqm) by Application (2019-2030)
  • Figure 66. Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) Value Chain
  • Figure 67. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
  • Figure 68. Data Triangulation