智慧型交通系統及IoT/M2M通訊的進步

本報告以智慧型交通系統 (ITS) 及IoT/M2M通訊為主題，提供ITS結構、架構及IoT/M2M的無線技術相關詳細分析，IoT/M2M、ITS產業的現狀，IoT/M2M通訊概要，及主要企業簡介等資訊的所有主要汽車功能支援自動駕駛車。

第1章 簡介

第2章 ITS:主要零組件、特徵

• 概要
• ITS的簡介:美國
• 結構
• 層級、零組件
• 主要的技術
• 子系統
• ITS的架構:美國
  • 概要
  • 功能
  • 層級
  • 版本7.0
• ITS的標準化:進展中
  • 概要
  • ETSI:歐洲
  • 美國
  • 中國
  • 全球
  • 摘要
• ITS的應用
• ITS市場統計
  • 概要
  • 假設
  • 估計

第3章 IoT/M2M及ITS

• 不同:H2H及IoT/M2M通訊
• 定義、流程
• 資料
• 特性、架構
• 規格、現狀
  • 行動電話
  • 短距離
  • 開放式規格
• 課題
• 多方面的配合措施
• IoT/M2M標準化:組織、技術
  • 3GPP 及 IOT/M2M
  • ONEM2M ALLIANCE
  • M2M WORLD ALLIANCE
  • M2M ALLIANCE
  • OPEN MOBILE ALLIANCE (OMA)
  • ETSI TC
  • GSC MSTF
  • ITU
  • IPSO ALLIANCE
  • IETF AND IP/WSN
  • TIA
  • WEIGHTLESS PROTOCOLS
  • IEEE
  • DASH7
  • LORA
  • 比較

第4章 IoT/M2M的ITS區分

• 重要性
• 分類
• IoT/M2M通訊及其主要用途
  • 優點、限制
  • H2H、IoT/M2M通訊

第5章 市場:IoT/M2M - ITS

• 資料
• 情形
• 結構
• 估計

第6章 自動駕駛車:5G時代

• 概要:定義
• 時間
  • ADAS
• 方向性
  • 現狀:法律
  • 主要的優點
  • 替代
• 市場預測、價格
• 產業、R&D
  • 汽車廠商、供應商
  • R&D、競爭企業
  • 新興企業
  • IoT/M2M所扮演的角色:汽車的網際網路
• 標準化
  • NHTSA
  • SAE INTERNATIONAL
  • IEEE
• 商用化
• 課題

第7章 IoT/M2M - ITS通訊產業

• AT&T
• AERIS
• AIRBIQUITY
• ARADA
• AUTOTALKS
• AXEDA
• B3IT
• COHDA WIRELESS
• CONTINENTAL/HERE
• CISCO
• GEMALTO
• IMS
• INTERDIGITAL
• JASPER WIRELESS
• KORE TELEMATICS
• LIBELIUM
• NUMEREX
• QNX
• QUALCOMM
• RACO WIRELESS
• SIGFOX
• TELIT
• WIRELESS LOGIC

第8章 技術比較

第9章 結論

附錄I: 802.11ah 相關專利調查

Brief

This report reflects a steady movement of the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) towards reaching their goal - minimizing roads accidents and traffic jam. In connection with this goal, the report provides details of the ITS structure and architecture; and emphasizes contributions of wireless technologies designed for IoT/M2M - this type of communications is becoming very important for ITS to enhance their characteristics. In 2015, the IoT has already disrupted the 4G roadmap and it is becoming a prime driver of the 5G specification process.

The following recent (or still in the development) wireless communications standards are addressed:

• LoRa
• LTE-M
• 802.11ah
• EC-GSM
• Weightless Protocols
• DASH7
• Other.

These standards are being developed with considerations of IoT/M2M communications specifics (though they may be useful for other use cases as well).

The report also addresses the current status of IoT/M2M and ITS industries, their markets and surveys vendors' portfolios.

The significant part of this report addresses the introduction of a driverless car - IoT/M2M communication supports all major functionalities of such a car. Details of a young industry development, its major players, the standardization process, hurdles and enablers are analyzed. The report emphasizes the driverless car benefits - they, as it is envisioned currently, will be realized in the 2035-2040 time frame; with these cars on roads already in 2018-2020. The industry identified driverless cars as most viable form of ITS, dominating the roadways by 2040 and sparking dramatic changes in vehicular travel and the auto industry.

The report also surveys 802.11ah-related patents (2015-2016).

The report is written for a wide audience of technical and managerial staff involved in the advanced ITS development; and for specialists in communications technologies that support such a development; particular IoT/M2M communications.

Table of Contents

1.0 INTRODUCTION

• 1.1 STATISTICS
• 1.2 GOAL
• 1.3 SCOPE
• 1.4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
• 1.5 TARGET AUDIENCE

2.0 ITS: MAJOR COMPONENTS AND CHARACTERISTICS

• 2.1 GENERAL
• 2.2 ITS INTRODUCTION: U.S.
• 2.3 STRUCTURE
• 2.4 LAYERS AND COMPONENTS
• 2.5 KEY TECHNOLOGIES
• 2.6 SUBSYSTEMS
• 2.7 ITS ARCHITECTURE: U.S.
  • 2.7.1 GENERAL
  • 2.7.2 FUNCTIONALITIES
  • 2.7.3 LAYERS
    • 2.7.3.1 DETAILS: COMMUNICATIONS LAYER
    • 2.7.3.2 NETWORKS
  • 2.7.4 VERSION 7.0
• 2.8 ITS STANDARDIZATION: IN PROGRESS
  • 2.8.1 OVERVIEW
  • 2.8.2 ETSI - EUROPE
  • 2.8.3 U.S.
    • 2.8.3.1 GENERAL
    • 2.8.3.2 NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION COMMUNICATIONS FOR ITS PROTOCOL (NTCIP)
      • 2.8.3.2.1 SCOPE
      • 2.8.3.2.2 FAMILY
  • 2.8.4 CHINA
  • 2.8.5 INTERNATIONAL
    • 2.8.5.1 GENERAL
    • 2.8.5.2 ITU
  • 2.8.6 SUMMARY
• 2.9 ITS APPLICATIONS
• 2.10 ITS MARKET STATISTICS
  • 2.10.1 GENERAL
  • 2.10.2 ASSUMPTIONS
  • 2.10.3 ESTIMATE

3.0 IOT/M2M AND ITS

• 3.1 DIFFERENCES: H2H AND IOT/M2M COMMUNICATIONS
• 3.2 DEFINITION AND PROCESS
  • 3.2.1 ENABLERS AND BRAKING POINTS: 2G-5G
• 3.3 DATA
• 3.4 PROPERTIES AND ARCHITECTURE
• 3.5 SPECIFICS AND CURRENT STATUS
  • 3.5.1 CELLULAR
  • 3.5.2 SHORT-RANGE
  • 3.5.3 OPEN STANDARD
• 3.6 CHALLENGES
• 3.7 MULTIPLE EFFORTS
• 3.8 IOT/M2M STANDARDIZATION: ORGANIZATIONS AND TECHNOLOGIES
  • 3.8.1 3GPP AND IOT/M2M
    • 3.8.1.1 LTE CAT-M
      • 3.8.1.1.1 IOT/M2M: REQUIREMENTS TO LTE
      • 3.8.1.1.2 3GPP LTE REL. 12 ENHANCEMENT FOR IOT/M2M
      • 3.8.1.1.3 3GPP LTE REL. 13 ENHANCEMENT FOR IOT/M2M
      • 3.8.1.1.4 CURRENT SITUATION
      • 3.8.1.1.5 SUMMARY OF LTE/IOT FEATURES
      • 3.8.1.1.6 VENDORS
        • ALTAIR (ACQUIRED BY SONY IN 2016)
        • MISTBASE
        • SEQUANS
    • 3.8.1.2 EC-GSM-IOT
  • 3.8.2 ONEM2M ALLIANCE
    • 3.8.2.1 VARIETIES
    • 3.8.2.2 SERVICE LAYER ARCHITECTURE
    • 3.8.2.3 BENEFITS
  • 3.8.3 M2M WORLD ALLIANCE
  • 3.8.4 M2M ALLIANCE
  • 3.8.5 OPEN MOBILE ALLIANCE (OMA)
    • 3.8.5.1 OMA LIGHTWEIGHT M2M PROTOCOL
  • 3.8.6 ETSI TC
    • 3.8.6.1 DOCUMENTS
    • 3.8.6.2 ARCHITECTURE
    • 3.8.6.3 M2M APPLICATIONS IN ITS
  • 3.8.7 GSC MSTF
  • 3.8.8 ITU
    • 3.8.8.1 WORK PLAN
    • 3.8.8.2 ITU RECOMMENDATIONS
  • 3.8.9 IPSO ALLIANCE
  • 3.8.10 IETF AND IP/WSN
    • 3.8.10.1 MAJOR PROJECTS
  • 3.8.11 TIA
  • 3.8.12 WEIGHTLESS PROTOCOLS
    • 3.8.12.1 WEIGHTLESS SIG
    • 3.8.12.2 COMMON FEATURES
    • 3.8.12.3 WEIGHTLESS-W
      • 3.8.12.3.1 WHITE SPACES COMMUNICATIONS - PRINCIPLES
      • 3.8.12.3.2 DEFINITION
      • 3.8.12.3.3 RATIONAL
      • 3.8.12.3.4 ECOSYSTEM AND USE CASES
      • 3.8.12.3.5 WEIGHTLESS-W SPECIFICS
      • 3.8.12.3.6 CHANGES
    • 3.8.12.4 WEIGHTLESS-N
      • 3.8.12.4.1 GENERAL
      • 3.8.12.4.2 OPEN STANDARD
      • 3.8.12.4.3 NWAVE
      • 3.8.12.4.4 FIRST DEPLOYMENTS
    • 3.8.12.5 WEIGHTLESS-P
      • 3.8.12.5.1 GENERAL
      • 3.8.12.5.2 DETAILS
      • 3.8.12.5.3 M2COMM
    • 3.8.12.6 WEIGHTLESS TECHNOLOGIES COMPARISON
  • 3.8.13 IEEE
    • 3.8.13.1 802.11AH (WI-FI HALOW)
      • 3.8.13.1.1 GENERAL
      • 3.8.13.1.2 GOAL AND SCHEDULE
      • 3.8.13.1.3 ATTRIBUTES
      • 3.8.13.1.4 USE CASES
      • 3.8.13.1.5 PHY LAYER
        • 3.8.13.1.5.1 BANDWIDTH
        • 3.8.13.1.5.2 CHANNELIZATION
        • 3.8.13.1.5.3 TRANSMISSION MODES AND MIMO
      • 3.8.13.1.6 MAC LAYER
      • 3.8.13.1.7 SUMMARY
  • 3.8.14 DASH7
    • 3.8.14.1 GENERAL
    • 3.8.14.2 DASH7 AND IOT/M2M
    • 3.8.14.3 ISO/IEC 18000-7:2014
    • 3.8.14.4 DASH7 ALLIANCE
      • 3.8.14.4.1 DASH7 MODE 2
      • 3.8.14.4.2 PHYSICAL LAYER
      • 3.8.14.4.3 DATA LAYER
      • 3.8.14.4.4 NETWORK LAYER
      • 3.8.14.4.5 UPPER LAYERS
    • 3.8.14.5 CLASSES
    • 3.8.14.6 SPECIFICATION
    • 3.8.14.7 CHARACTERISTICS - SUMMARY
    • 3.8.14.8 433 MHZ TRANSMISSION SPECIFICS
    • 3.8.14.9 GREEN TECHNOLOGY
    • 3.8.14.10 APPLICATIONS
    • 3.8.14.11 INDUSTRY
      • EVIGIA
      • GUARDRFID
      • HI-G-TEK
      • IDENTEC SOLUTIONS
      • SAVI
      • TI
      • WIZZILAB
  • 3.8.15 LORA
    • 3.8.15.1 ALLIANCE
    • 3.8.15.2 TECHNOLOGY: GENERAL
    • 3.8.15.3 MODULATION
    • 3.8.15.4 LONG RANGE
    • 3.8.15.5 APPLICATIONS
    • 3.8.15.6 ARCHITECTURE
    • 3.8.15.7 CLASSES
    • 3.8.15.8 LORAWAN
    • 3.8.15.9 MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS - SUMMARY
    • 3.8.15.10 SEMTECH
    • 3.8.15.11 DEPLOYMENTS
  • 3.8.16 COMPARISON

4.0 ITS SEGMENT OF IOT/M2M

• 4.1 IMPORTANCE
• 4.2 CLASSIFICATION
• 4.3 IOT/M2M COMMUNICATIONS AND ITS MAJOR APPLICATIONS
  • 4.3.1 BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS
  • 4.3.2 H2H AND IOT/M2M COMMUNICATIONS
    • 4.3.2.1 SENSORS

5.0 MARKET: IOT/M2M - ITS

• 5.1 DATA
• 5.2 SITUATION
• 5.3 STRUCTURE
• 5.4 ESTIMATE

6.0 DRIVERLESS CAR - 5G ERA

• 6.1 GENERAL - DEFINITION
• 6.2 TIME
  • 6.2.1 ADAS
• 6.3 DIRECTIONS
  • 6.3.1 CURRENT STATUS - LEGISLATION
  • 6.3.2 MAJOR BENEFITS
  • 6.3.3 ALTERNATIVES
• 6.4 MARKET PREDICTIONS AND PRICE
  • 6.4 PHASES
  • 6.4.1 CHARACTERISTICS
• 6.5 INDUSTRY AND R&D
  • 6.5.1 AUTOMAKERS AND SUPPLIERS
    • 6.5.1.1 AUDI
    • 6.5.1.2 FORD
    • 6.5.1.3 GM
    • 6.5.1.4 MAGNA INTERNATIONAL
    • 6.5.1.5 NISSAN
    • 6.5.1.6 DAIMLER/MERCEDES
    • 6.5.1.7 VW AND ADAPTIVE CONSORTIUM
    • 6.5.1.8 TESLA MOTORS
    • 6.5.1.9 CONTINENTAL AUTOMOTIVE
    • 6.5.1.10 VOLVO
  • 6.5.2 R&D AND COMPETITORS
    • 6.5.2.1 GOOGLE
    • 6.5.2.2 BAIDU
    • 6.5.2.3 DOTS
    • 6.5.2.4 TELECOM READINESS - 5G
      • 6.5.2.4.1 HUAWEI
      • 6.5.2.4.2 SWISSCOM
  • 6.5.3 STURT-UPS
    • 6.5.3.1. CRUISE AUTOMOTIVE (WAS FOUNDED IN 2013 AND ACQUIRED BY GM IN 2016)
    • 6.5.3.2 INDUCT TECHNOLOGIES
    • 6.5.3.3 MOBILEYE
  • 6.5.4 IOT/M2M ROLE - INTERNET OF CARS
• 6.6 STANDARDIZATION
  • 6.6.1 NHTSA
    • 6.6.1.1 SYSTEMS
    • 6.6.1.2 LEVELS
  • 6.6.2 SAE INTERNATIONAL
  • 6.6.3 IEEE
  • 6.6.4 SUMMARY
• 6.7 COMMERCIALIZATION
• 6.8 ISSUES

7.0 IOT/M2M-ITS COMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY

• AT&T
• AERIS
• AIRBIQUITY
• ARADA
• AUTOTALKS
• AXEDA
• B3IT
• COHDA WIRELESS
• CONTINENTAL/HERE
• CISCO
• GEMALTO
• IMS
• INTERDIGITAL
• JASPER WIRELESS
• KORE TELEMATICS
• LIBELIUM
• NUMEREX
• QNX
• QUALCOMM
• RACO WIRELESS
• SIGFOX
• TELIT
• WIRELESS LOGIC

8.0 TECHNOLOGIES COMPARISON

9.0 CONCLUSIONS

ATTACHMENT I: 802.11AH - RELATED PATENTS SURVEY (2015-2016)

• FIGURE 1: WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS: ITS ENVIRONMENT
• FIGURE 2: ITS ARCHITECTURE - COMPONENTS
• FIGURE 3: EUROPE - STANDARDIZATION ORGANIZATIONS
• FIGURE 4: U.S.-STANDARDIZATION BODIES
• FIGURE 5: NTCIP STRUCTURE
• FIGURE 6: ITS INTERNATIONAL -STANDARDIZATION BODIES
• FIGURE 7: TAM: GLOBAL ITS DEVICES ($B)
• FIGURE 8: TAM: ITS WICT- GLOBAL ($B)
• FIGURE 9: ITS EQUIPMENT SALES BY REGIONS ($B)
• FIGURE 10: IOT/M2M COMMUNICATIONS PROCESS
• FIGURE 11: M2M-SIMPLIFIED ARCHITECTURE
• FIGURE 12: TIME SCHEDULE
• FIGURE 13: STRUCTURE - ONEM2M - SERVICE LAYER
• FIGURE 14: ETSI ACTIVITY - M2M
• FIGURE 15: FREQUENCY SPECTRUM (SUB-1 GHZ)
• FIGURE 16: 802.11AH - CHANNELIZATION PLAN IN U.S.
• FIGURE 17: MODE 1 AND MODE 2 - COMPARISON
• FIGURE 18: DASH7 MODE 2 - PHY
• FIGURE 19: TRANSMISSION RANGES
• FIGURE 20: FEATURES COMPARISON
• FIGURE 21: LORA PROTOCOL ARCHITECTURE
• FIGURE 22: LORAWAN ARCHITECTURE
• FIGURE 23: BATTERY LIFETIME
• FIGURE 24: CLASSIFICATION
• FIGURE 25: PROJECTIONS: IOT/M2M TRAFFIC VOLUME (PB/MONTH)
• FIGURE 26: TAM: GLOBAL IOT/M2M COMMUNICATIONS ($B)
• FIGURE 27: ESTIMATE: GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE M2M CONNECTIONS (B)
• FIGURE 28: IOT MARKET SIZE IN ITS ($B)
• FIGURE 29: LEGISLATIVE WORK (2016)
• FIGURE 30: LEVELS

• TABLE 1: ROAD CRASHES STATISTICS
• TABLE 2: 3GPP RELEASE 10 - IOT/M2M
• TABLE 3: CAT-0 AND CAT-1 CHARACTERISTICS
• TABLE 4: ADDITIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
• TABLE 5: ICENI CHARACTERISTICS
• TABLE 6: WEIGHTLESS TECHNOLOGIES COMPARISON
• TABLE 7: 802.11AH FEATURES SUMMARY
• TABLE 8: LORA CHARACTERISTICS
• TABLE 9: REGIONAL DIFFERENCES
• TABLE 10: TECHNOLOGIES COMPARISON
• TABLE 11: COMPONENTS
• TABLE 12: COMPARISON - LEVELS
• TABLE 13: CURRENT VIEW - SCHEDULE
• TABLE 14: IOT/M2M-ITS SERVICE OFFERINGS - MAJOR SERVICE PROVIDERS
• TABLE 15: TECHNOLOGIES COMPARISON