智慧型交通系統及IoT/M2M通訊的進步

本報告以智慧型交通系統 (ITS) 及IoT/M2M通訊為主題，提供ITS結構、架構及IoT/M2M的無線技術相關詳細分析，IoT/M2M、ITS產業的現狀，IoT/M2M通訊概要，及主要企業簡介等資訊的所有主要汽車功能支援自動駕駛車。

第1章 簡介

第2章 ITS:主要零組件、特徵

• 概要
• ITS的簡介:美國
• 結構
• 層級、零組件
• 主要的技術
• 子系統
• ITS的架構:美國
  • 概要
  • 功能
  • 層級
  • 版本7.0
• ITS的標準化:進展中
  • 概要
  • ETSI:歐洲
  • 美國
  • 中國
  • 全球
  • 摘要
• ITS的應用
• ITS市場統計
  • 概要
  • 假設
  • 估計

第3章 IoT/M2M及ITS

• 不同:H2H及IoT/M2M通訊
• 定義、流程
• 資料
• 特性、架構
• 規格、現狀
  • 行動電話
  • 短距離
  • 開放式規格
• 課題
• 多方面的配合措施
• IoT/M2M標準化:組織、技術
  • 3GPP 及 IOT/M2M
  • ONEM2M ALLIANCE
  • M2M WORLD ALLIANCE
  • M2M ALLIANCE
  • OPEN MOBILE ALLIANCE (OMA)
  • ETSI TC
  • GSC MSTF
  • ITU
  • IPSO ALLIANCE
  • IETF AND IP/WSN
  • TIA
  • WEIGHTLESS PROTOCOLS
  • IEEE
  • DASH7
  • LORA
  • 比較

第4章 IoT/M2M的ITS區分

• 重要性
• 分類
• IoT/M2M通訊及其主要用途
  • 優點、限制
  • H2H、IoT/M2M通訊

第5章 市場:IoT/M2M - ITS

• 資料
• 情形
• 結構
• 估計

第6章 自動駕駛車:5G時代

• 概要:定義
• 時間
  • ADAS
• 方向性
  • 現狀:法律
  • 主要的優點
  • 替代
• 市場預測、價格
• 產業、R&D
  • 汽車廠商、供應商
  • R&D、競爭企業
  • 新興企業
  • IoT/M2M所扮演的角色:汽車的網際網路
• 標準化
  • NHTSA
  • SAE INTERNATIONAL
  • IEEE
• 商用化
• 課題

第7章 IoT/M2M - ITS通訊產業

• AT&T
• AERIS
• AIRBIQUITY
• ARADA
• AUTOTALKS
• AXEDA
• B3IT
• COHDA WIRELESS
• CONTINENTAL/HERE
• CISCO
• GEMALTO
• IMS
• INTERDIGITAL
• JASPER WIRELESS
• KORE TELEMATICS
• LIBELIUM
• NUMEREX
• QNX
• QUALCOMM
• RACO WIRELESS
• SIGFOX
• TELIT
• WIRELESS LOGIC

第8章 技術比較

第9章 結論

附錄I: 802.11ah 相關專利調查

This report reflects a steady movement of the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) towards reaching their goal - minimizing roads accidents and traffic jams. In connection with this goal, the report provides details of the ITS structure and architecture; and emphasizes contributions of wireless technologies designed for IoT/M2M - this type of communications is becoming very important for ITS to enhance their characteristics. In 2015, the IoT has already disrupted the 4G roadmap and become a prime driver of the 5G specification process.

The following recent (or still in the development) wireless communications standards are addressed:

• LoRa
• LTE-M
• 802.11ah
• EC-GSM
• SigFox
• Weightless Protocols
• Other.

These technologies are being developed with considerations of IoT/M2M communications specifics.

The report also addresses the current status of IoT/M2M and ITS industries, their markets and surveys vendors' portfolios.

The significant part of this report addresses the introduction of a driverless car - IoT/M2M communication supports all major functionalities of such a car. Details of a young industry development, its major players, the standardization process, hurdles and enablers are analyzed. The report emphasizes the driverless car benefits - they, as it is envisioned currently, will be realized in the 2035-2040 time frame; with these cars on roads already in 2018-2020. The industry identified driverless cars as most viable form of ITS, dominating the roadways by 2040 and sparking dramatic changes in vehicular travel and the auto industry.

The report also surveys 802.11ah-related patents (2017-2018).

The report is written for a wide audience of technical and managerial staff involved in the advanced ITS development; and for specialists in communications technologies that support such a development; particular IoT/M2M communications.

Table of Contents

1.0. Introduction

• 1.1. Statistics
• 1.2. Goal
• 1.3. Scope
• 1.4. Research Methodology
• 1.5. Target Audience

2.0. ITS: Major Components and Characteristics

• 2.1. General
• 2.2. ITS Introduction: U.S.
• 2.3. Structure
• 2.4. Layers and Components
• 2.5. Key Technologies
• 2.6. Subsystems
• 2.7. ITS Architecture: U.S.
  • 2.7.1. General
  • 2.7.2. Functionalities
  • 2.7.3. Layers
    • 2.7.3.1. Details: Communications Layer
    • 2.7.3.2. Networks
  • 2.7.4. Versions
• 2.8. ITS Standardization: In Progress
  • 2.8.1. Overview
  • 2.8.2. ETSI - Europe
  • 2.8.3. U.S.
    • 2.8.3.1. General
    • 2.8.3.2. National Transportation Communications for ITS Protocol (NTCIP)
      • 2.8.3.2.1. Scope
      • 2.8.3.2.2. Family
  • 2.8.4. China
  • 2.8.5. International
    • 2.8.5.1. General
    • 2.8.5.2. ITU
  • 2.8.6. Summary
• 2.9. ITS Applications
• 2.10. ITS Market Statistics
  • 2.10.1. General
  • 2.10.2. Assumptions
  • 2.10.3. Estimate

3.0. IoT/M2M and ITS

• 3.1. Differences: H2H and IoT/M2M Communications
• 3.2. Definition and Process
  • 3.2.1. Enablers and Braking Points: 2G-5G
• 3.3. Data
• 3.4. Properties and Architecture
• 3.5. Specifics and Current Status
  • 3.5.1. Cellular
  • 3.5.2. Short-range
  • 3.5.3. Open Standard
• 3.6. Challenges
• 3.7. Multiple Efforts
• 3.8. IoT/M2M Standardization: Organizations and Technologies
  • 3.8.1. 3GPP and IoT/M2M
    • 3.8.1.1. 3GPP Release 10
    • 3.8.1.2. LTE Cat-M
      • 3.8.1.2.1. IoT/M2M: Requirements to LTE
      • 3.8.1.2.2. 3GPP LTE Rel. 12 Enhancement for IoT/M2M
      • 3.8.1.2.3. 3GPP LTE Rel. 13 Enhancement for IoT/M2M
        • 3.8.1.2.3.1. 3GPP LTE Rel. 14 -Further Enhancements
      • 3.8.1.2.4. Current Situation
      • 3.8.1.2.5. Summary of LTE/IoT Features
      • 3.8.1.2.6. Market Considerations
      • 3.8.1.2.7. Vendors
        • Altair (a Sony Group Company)
        • Huawei
        • Intel
        • Link-Labs
        • Mistbase (acquired by ARM in 2017)
        • Nordic Semiconductor
        • Samsung
        • Sequans
        • Qualcomm Technology
        • U-blox
    • 3.8.1.3. EC-GSM-IoT
  • 3.8.2. OneM2M Alliance
    • 3.8.2.1. Varieties
    • 3.8.2.2. Service Layer Architecture
    • 3.8.2.3. Benefits
  • 3.8.3. M2M World Alliance
  • 3.8.4. M2M Alliance
  • 3.8.5. Open Mobile Alliance (OMA)
    • 3.8.5.1. OMA Lightweight M2M Protocol
  • 3.8.6. ETSI TC
    • 3.8.6.1. Documents
    • 3.8.6.2. Architecture
  • 3.8.7. GSC MSTF
  • 3.8.8. ITU
    • 3.8.8.1. Work Plan
    • 3.8.8.2. ITU Recommendations
  • 3.8.9. OMA SpecWorks
  • 3.8.10. IETF and IP/WSN
    • 3.8.10.1. Major Projects
  • 3.8.11. TIA
  • 3.8.12. Weightless Protocols
    • 3.8.12.1. Weightless SIG
    • 3.8.12.2. Common Features
    • 3.8.12.3. Weightless-W
      • 3.8.12.3.1. General
      • 3.8.12.3.2. Definition
      • 3.8.12.3.3. Rational
      • 3.8.12.3.4. Ecosystem and Use Cases
      • 3.8.12.3.5. Weightless-W Specifics
      • 3.8.12.3.6. Changes
    • 3.8.12.4. Weightless-N
      • 3.8.12.4.1. General
      • 3.8.12.4.2. Open Standard
      • 3.8.12.4.3. Nwave
      • 3.8.12.4.4. First Deployments
    • 3.8.12.5. Weightless-P
      • 3.8.12.5.1. General
      • 3.8.12.5.2. Details
      • 3.8.12.5.3. M2COMM
    • 3.8.12.6. Weightless Technologies Comparison
  • 3.8.13. IEEE
    • 3.8.13.1. 802.11ah (Wi-Fi HaLow)
      • 3.8.13.1.1. General
      • 3.8.13.1.2. Goal and Schedule
      • 3.8.13.1.3. Attributes
      • 3.8.13.1.4. Use Cases
      • 3.8.13.1.5. PHY Layer
        • 3.8.13.1.5.1. Bandwidth
        • 3.8.13.1.5.2. Channelization
        • 3.8.13.1.5.3. Transmission Modes and MIMO
      • 3.8.13.1.6. MAC Layer
      • 3.8.13.1.7. Summary
  • 3.8.14. SigFox
    • 3.8.14.1. Company
    • 3.8.14.2. Technology
      • 3.8.14.2.1. Details-Uplink
      • 3.8.14.2.2. Details-Downlink
    • 3.8.14.3. SmartLNB
    • 3.8.14.4. Coverage
    • 3.8.14.5. Use Cases
    • 3.8.14.6. Industry
      • Adeunis RF
      • Innocomm
      • Microchip
      • On Semiconductor
      • Telit
      • TI
  • 3.8.15. LoRa
    • 3.8.15.1. Alliance
    • 3.8.15.2. Technology: General
    • 3.8.15.3. Modulation
    • 3.8.15.4. Long Range
    • 3.8.15.5. Applications
    • 3.8.15.6. Architecture
    • 3.8.15.7. Classes
    • 3.8.15.8. LoRaWAN
    • 3.8.15.9. Major Characteristics - Summary
    • 3.8.15.10. Semtech
    • 3.8.15.11. Deployments
  • 3.8.16. Comparison

4.0. ITS Segment of IoT/M2M

• 4.1. Importance
• 4.2. Classification
• 4.3. IoT/M2M Communications and ITS Major Applications
  • 4.3.1. Benefits and Limitations
  • 4.3.2. H2H and IoT/M2M Communications
    • 4.3.2.1. Sensors

5.0. Market: IoT/M2M - ITS

• 5.1. Data
• 5.2. Situation
• 5.3. Structure
• 5.4. Estimate

6.0. Driverless Car-5G Era

• 6.1. General-Definition
• 6.2. Time
  • 6.2.1. ADAS
• 6.3. Directions
  • 6.3.1. Current Status - Legislation
  • 6.3.2. Major Benefits
  • 6.3.3. Alternatives
• 6.4. Market Predictions and Price
• 6.5. Phases
  • 6.5.1. Characteristics
• 6.6. Survey: Current Developments
  • 6.6.1. Automakers
    • 6.6.1.1. Audi
      • 6.6.1.1.1. Audi Plans and SAE Classification
    • 6.6.1.2. BMW
    • 6.6.1.3. Ford
      • 6.6.1.3.1. Ford Plans and SAE Classification
    • 6.6.1.4. GM
    • 6.6.1.5. Nissan
      • 6.6.1.5.1. Nissan Plans and SAE Classifications
    • 6.6.1.6. Daimler/Mercedes
      • 6.6.1.6.1. Mercedes Plans and SAE Classification
    • 6.6.1.7. VW and AdaptIVe Consortium
    • 6.6.1.8. Volvo Cars
    • 6.6.1.9. Tesla Motors
      • 6.6.1.9.1. Tesla Plans and SAE Classifications
    • 6.6.1.10. Honda
    • 6.6.1.11. Other
  • 6.6.2. R&D and Competitors
    • 6.6.2.1. Alphabet/Google-ProjectX -Waymo
    • 6.6.2.2. Baidu
    • 6.6.2.3. DOTs
    • 6.6.2.4. Telecom Readiness: Driverless Car - 5G Communications
      • 6.6.2.4.1. Huawei
      • 6.6.2.4.2. Swisscom
    • 6.6.2.5. QNX
    • 6.6.2.6. Continental Automotive
    • 6.6.2.7. Nvidia
  • 6.6.3. Start-ups
    • 6.6.3.1. Cruise Automotive (was founded in 2013)-acquired by GM in 2016
    • 6.6.3.2. Induct Technologies
    • 6.6.3.3. Uber
    • 6.6.3.4. Lyft
    • 6.6.3.5. Waymo
  • 6.6.4. Schedules
• 6.7. Standardization
  • 6.7.1. NHTSA
    • 6.7.1.1. Control and Machine-Vision Systems
    • 6.7.1.2. Levels
  • 6.7.2. SAE International
    • 6.7.2.1. USA Preparedness
  • 6.7.3. IEEE
  • 6.7.4. Summary
• 6.8. Commercialization
• 6.9. Issues

7.0. IoT/M2M-ITS Communications Industry

• AT&T
• Aeris
• Airbiquity
• Autotalks
• Axeda
• B3IT
• Danlaw
• Cohda Wireless
• Continental/HERE
• Gemalto
• IMS
• Jasper Wireless
• Kore Telematics
• Libelium
• Numerex
• QNX
• Qualcomm
• Raco Wireless
• Telit
• Wireless Logic
• Xirgo

8.0. Technologies Comparison

9.0. Conclusions

Attachment I: 802.11ah-related Patents Survey (2017-2018)

List of Figures

• Figure 1: Wireless Communications: ITS Environment
• Figure 2: ITS Architecture - Components
• Figure 3: ITS Architecture Evolution
• Figure 4: ARC-IT-V.8.0
• Figure 5: Europe-Standardization Organizations
• Figure 6: Standardization Bodies
• Figure 7: NTCIP Structure
• Figure 8: ITS International -Standardization Bodies
• Figure 9: Estimate - ITS Devices Global Market ($B)
• Figure 10: Estimate: ITS WICT- Global Market ($B)
• Figure 11: IoT/M2M Communications Process
• Figure 12: M2M-Simplified Architecture
• Figure 13: 3GPP Release 10-IoT/M2M
• Figure 14: LTE-based MTC Devices Properties
• Figure 15: Characteristics
• Figure 16: Additional Characteristics
• Figure 17: Time Schedule
• Figure 18: Estimate- LTE NB-IoT Chipsets Market Size ($M)
• Figure 19: Structure - oneM2M-Service Layer
• Figure 20: ETSI Activity-M2M
• Figure 21: Iceni Characteristics
• Figure 22: Weightless Technologies Comparison
• Figure 23: Frequency Spectrum (sub-1 GHz)
• Figure 24: 802.11ah-Channelization Plan in U.S.
• Figure 25: 802.11ah Features Summary
• Figure 26: Uplink Frame Format
• Figure 27: Downlink Frame Format
• Figure 28: LoRa Protocol Structure
• Figure 29: LoRaWAN Architecture
• Figure 30: LoRa Properties
• Figure 31: Battery Lifetime
• Figure 32: Regional Differences
• Figure 33: Technologies Comparison
• Figure 34: Classification
• Figure 35: Estimate: IoT/M2M Traffic Volume (PB/Month)
• Figure 36: Estimate: IoT/M2M Communications-Global Market ($B)
• Figure 37: Components
• Figure 38: Estimate: Global Automotive M2M Connections (B)
• Figure 39: Estimate: M2M/IoT Market Size in ITS ($B)
• Figure 40: Legislative Work (2017)
• Figure 41: NHTSA Car Automation Levels
• Figure 42: SAE Classification
• Figure 43: Current View-Schedule
• Figure 44: IoT/M2M-ITS Service Offerings -Service Providers
• Figure 45: Technologies Comparison

List of Tables

• Table 1: Road Crashes Statistics