Target Audience
This report is written for a wide population of researches, technical and
sales staff involved in the developing of the Cognitive Radio technologies,
particular in the White Spaces environment to enhance M2M communications. It
is recommended for both service providers and vendors that are working with
related technologies.
Brief
The value in machines having wireless communications has long been understood
and a large market is predicted for many years. That this has not transpired
yet has been because of the difficulty of meeting all the requirements within
the constraints of the available radio spectrum.
These constraints changed significantly with the advent of White Space (WS)
availability.
The report concentrates on the development of White Spaces communications as
one of the first technologies that utilizes properties of reconfigurable
radio. It shows that the combination of spectrum awareness together with the
selection of White Spaces frequencies windows create a new modern
multi-applications industry. The report analyzes specifics of White Spaces
communications in such environments and reflects communications benefits and
issues. The White Spaces communications market is just evolving and promises
multiple applications; one of such applications - M2M communications - is
detailed.
The report goal was to analyze M2M communications based on utilization of
White Spaces. To reach this goal:
- 1. Reconfigurable radio analysis was performed to show roots of spectrum
sensing in WS communications. Technologies, standards, markets, industry and
applications of reconfigurable radio were addressed.
- 2. White Spaces communications origin, properties, regulations, standards
and industry were analyzed.
- 3. Development of the evolving industry - M2M/IoT communications - was
addressed. For this purposes, specifics of such communications, their
standardization, market properties and industry have been presented.
- 4. WS-supported M2M communications were analyzed; the evolving industry
activity, standardizations efforts and specifics have been presented. In
particular, the Weightless standard development was addressed.
The report is written for a wide audience of researches, engineers and
managers that are involved in the development and utilization of cognitive
radios and M2M communications for commercial markets.
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction
- 1.1 General
- 1.2 Scope
- 1.3 Research Methodology
- 1.4 Target Audience
2.0 Software Defined and Cognitive Radios
- 2.1 General
- 2.2 Purpose
- 2.3 Definitions (WIF, FCC, ITU)
- 2.3.1 Wireless Innovation Forum Position
- 2.4 SDR: Regulations
- 2.4.1 FCC
- 2.4.1.1 Equipment Type
- 2.4.1.2 Process
- 2.4.1.3 Application Guide
- 2.4.1.4 First Approval
- 2.4.2 ITU
- 2.4.3 Ofcom
- 2.5 Standardization Organizations Efforts
- 2.5.1 ITU-R
- 2.5.2 ETSI
- 2.5.2.1 General
- 2.5.2.2 Major Points
- 2.5.3 3GPP
- 2.5.4 IEEE
- 2.5.5 NASA
- 2.6 Considerations
- 2.7 Properties
- 2.7.1 Layers
- 2.7.2 Details
- 2.7.3 Versatility
- 2.7.4 Issues
- 2.8 SDR Implementations
- 2.9 Applications
- 2.9.1 Commercial
- 2.9.2 SDR/CR in Military
- 2.9.3 Public Safety Communications (PSC)
- 2.10 SDR/CR: Benefits
- 2.11 Impact
- 2.11.1 Geographical Differences
- 2.12 Market
- 2.12.1 Landscape
- 2.12.2 Trends
- 2.12.3 Cost
- 2.12.4 Different Perspective
- 2.12.5 Market Drivers-Summary
- 2.12.6 Market Forecast
- 2.12.6.1 Model Assumptions
- 2.12.6.2 Estimate
- 2.13 Industry
- Aeronix (SDR Components)
- AirNet Communications (SDR Base Stations)
- AirSpan (BS)
- Alcatel-Lucent (Base Stations)
- Analog Devises (Chipsets)
- Array Systems Computing (DSP)
- Cambridge Consultants (PHY, Base Station)
- Carlson Wireless (Platform)
- Cisco (802.11a)
- CRT (CR SW)
- General Dynamics (Platform)
- DataSoft (SDR Design, SW)
- Digital Receiver Technology (Radio Modules)
- Etherstack (Software)
- Ericsson
- Green Hills (Software)
- Harris (SDR)
- Huawei (Platform)
- Intel (Platform)
- Lockheed Martin
- Lyrtech - Nutaq (DSP and FPGA development solutions)
- Motorola Solutions (BS)
- Nokia Siemens Networks (Base Station)
- Objective Interface Systems (Software)
- PrismTech (SDR Development Environment)
- Rockwell Collins (Radios)
- Spectrum Signal Processing (Platforms)
- Tecore Networks (Infrastructure)
- Thales (Radio)
- TI (Chips)
- Vanu (Base Stations)
- Wind River (Software)
- Xilinx (Chips, SDR Development Kit)
- xG Technology (Radio)
- ZTE (Platforms)
3.0 White Spaces Communications: Regulations
- 3.1 Definition
- 3.2 Rational
- 3.3 FCC Activity
- 3.3.1 Start
- 3.3.2 Devices
- 3.3.3 Clarifications
- 3.3.3.1 Sensing
- 3.3.3.2 Power
- 3.3.4 Specifics
- 3.3.4.1 Protection
- 3.3.4.2 Frequencies
- 3.3.4.3 TVWS Database (U.S.)
- 3.3.5 Further Work
- 3.4 Japan
- 3.5 Europe: Ofcom and Other
- 3.6 Canada
- 3.7 Ecosystem and Use Cases
4.0 White Spaces Communications: Standardization and Industry
- 4.1 WS Alliance
- 4.1.1 Wi-FAR
- 4.1.2 WSAConnect
- 4.2 WIF - WS
- 4.3 WS-related IEEE Standards
- 4.3.1 IEEE 802.11af - 2013
- 4.3.1.1 General: Expectations - Wi-Fi on Steroids
- 4.3.1.2 Differences
- 4.3.1.3 Benefits
- 4.3.1.4 Specifics
- 4.3.1.4.1 Building Blocks
- 4.3.1.4.2 PHY
- 4.3.1.5 Prototyping
- 4.3.1.6 Summary
- 4.3.2 IEEE SCC 41 - DySpan SC
- 4.3.2.1 IEEE 1900.4
- 4.3.2.2 IEEE 1900.4a - 2011
- 4.3.2.3 IEEE 1900.4.1
- 4.3.3 IEEE 802.22 - 2011
- 4.3.3.1 General
- 4.3.3.2 WG 802.22 and FCC
- 4.3.3.3 Overview
- 4.3.3.4 Physical Layer - Major Characteristics
- 4.3.3.4.1 Frames
- 4.3.3.5 Cognitive Functions and MAC
- 4.3.3.6 IEEE 802.22.1
- 4.3.3.7 IEEE 802.22.2
- 4.3.3.8 IEEE 802.22a-2014
- 4.3.3.9 P802.22b
- 4.3.3.10 Summary-IEEE802.22
- 4.3.4 IEEE 802.19
- 4.3.4.1 IEEE 802.19.1-2014
- 4.3.5 IEEE 802.15.4m-2014
- 4.4 CogNeA and ECMA Activity
- 4.4.1 CogNeA
- 4.4.2 ECMA-392-2011
- 4.5 IETF-PAWS
- 4.6 ETSI
- 4.7 Industry
- Adaptrum
- Aviacomm
- Carlson Wireless
- KTS Wireless
- Metric Systems
- Neul
- Redline Communications
- Sinecom
- Spectrum Bridge
- TI/Azcom
- 4.8 Market
- 4.9 Trials and Projects
- 4.9.1 London Trial
- 4.9.2 Additional Information
- 4.9.3 Microsoft Wi-Fi-NC and Other
- 4.9.4 Utility
- 4.9.5 Airspan Trials
- 4.9.6 Neul Trials
5.0 M2M Communications and WS
- 5.1 Special Needs
- 5.1.1 Spectrum
- 5.1.2 Summary
- 5.2 Standardization
- 5.2.1 IEEE
- 5.2.2 ETSI
- 5.2.3 ITU
- 5.2.4 oneM2M
- 5.2.5 ISO/IES
- 5.3 Market
- 5.3.1 Data
- 5.3.2 Estimate
- 5.4 Industry-Innovations
- Arqiva/Sensus
- Kore Telematics
- M2M Spectrum Networks
- On-Ramp
- SigFox/Telit
- Telensa/Plextek
- 5.5 Role of TVWS
- 5.5.1 Progress
- 5.5.2 Challenges
- 5.5.3 Solution
- 5.5.4 Cambridge TVWS Consortium - Cambridge Trial
- 5.5.5 Development of Weightless Technology
- 5.5.5.1 Standard
- 5.5.5.2 Details
- 5.5.5.3 Specifics
- 5.5.5.4 Neul
- 5.5.5.4.1 Weightless Chip
- 5.5.5.4.2 Technology Features
- 5.5.5.5 Network Structure
- 5.5.5.5.1 Plan
- 5.5.5.5.2 Performance Summary
- 5.5.5.6 Specific Details
- 5.5.5.6.1 Range of Applications
- 5.5.5.7 NextG-Com: Industry
- 5.5.5.8 Market Considerations
6.0 Conclusions
- Figure 1: Conceptual View
- Figure 2: Reconfigurable BS
- Figure 3: SDR: Reference Architecture
- Figure 4: SDR and OSI Reference Model
- Figure 5: PSC Specifics
- Figure 6: TAM: Global SDR-based Equipment Sales ($B)
- Figure 7: SDR Market Segments
- Figure 8: SDR Market Geography (2014)
- Figure 9: TVWS Channels
- Figure 10: UK TVWS- Spectrum
- Figure 11: Architecture: 802.19.1
- Figure 12: TVWS Market
- Figure 13: IoT Environment
- Figure 14: ETSI Activity
- Figure 15: Use Cases
- Figure 16: M2M Applications
- Figure 17: Projections: M2M Traffic Growth (PB/Month)
- Figure 18: TAM: M2M Communications Revenue ($B)
- Figure 19: Weightless Networking: Simplified
- Table 1: SDR Tiers
- Table 2: CR Features
- Table 3: U.S. - PSC Users
- Table 4: SDR Market Drivers
- Table 5: TV Channels: WS Frequencies Allowed by FCC
- Table 6: TV Channels and Fixed TVBDs
- Table 7: Database Status (2014)
- Table 8: IEEE WS-related Standards
- Table 9: Use Cases
- Table 10: Major Characteristics: IEEE 802.22
- Table 11: Key M2M Elements
- Table 12: Iceni Characteristics
