非GEO星座分析工具包4.0

該工具包是一個線上 Web 應用程序，比以前的電子表格版本具有更多功能和功能。 NCAT4 平台提供多種精確計算工具，具有獨特的變數和篩選器，使用者可以使用地圖、圖表、資訊圖表、可匯出資料集等進行視覺化。Masu。

完整工具包

• 每季更新 3 次NCAT 應用程式
• 每日更新：資料來源

本產品提供以下功能：

• 1 年多用戶存取權限：所有工具包功能、軟體升級和資料庫更新
• 12個組合工具：（有些工具整合到動態工具中）
• 每日更新：運行衛星和航空公司航線的軌道觀測
• 季度更新：NCAT 軟體更新與資料庫更新
• 按國家放大分析：超過 200 個國家和地區
• 與商業航班資料整合：模擬飛行中轉的供需動態（數千家航空公司和機場可供選擇）

目錄

工具包使用者指南 (PDF)

設定/設定選單

從 NCAT4 資料庫下載最新資料並將其顯示在表格中的網頁（可在私人 NCAT 選單中按一下）。 使用者可以選擇（查看）和編輯特定的子星座和關口站進行個人化分析。

• 包含可以選擇和編輯的星座外殼的資料庫表
  • 表格列：外殼 ID、系統名稱、高度、軌道傾角、軌道平面、每個平面的衛星數量、最小仰角 - 使用者終端、最小仰角 - 閘道天線、ISL
• 包含可以選擇和編輯的網關站清單的資料庫表：
  • 網關 ID、營運商、系統、GW 名稱、緯度、經度、天線、天線尺寸、來源
• 基準圖表

計算工具

包含滿足各種需求的計算器和視覺化工具的頁面。 使用者只需對輸入進行少量編輯即可快速驅動通用指標。

• 星座特徵
  • 輸入：星座名稱、軌道傾角、最小仰角 - 使用者天線/終端、最小仰角 - 關卡站天線、衛星高度
  • 輸出：軌道半徑、飛行速度、角速度、軌道週期、切換之間的最大速度時間（路徑時間）、最小衛星切換率
  • 星座覆蓋的地球部分
  • 衛星足跡可到達的最大緯度（南/北）
• 星座覆蓋的地球表面部分
  • 所覆蓋的表面積：（最大緯度的南北緯度之間）
  • 未覆蓋的表面積：達到的最大緯度（南/北）
• 衛星足跡
  • 每顆衛星覆蓋的最小表面積（足跡）
  • 星座中的衛星數量
  • 衛星最小覆蓋角（距地球中心）
  • 衛星覆蓋半徑
• 距離與延遲：從地球到衛星
  • 衛星與地面站之間的最小距離
  • 最小往返延遲
  • 最大衛星/地面站距離 - 使用者終端
  • 最大衛星/地面站距離 - GW 站
  • GW 與 UT 之間的最大往返延遲（皆以最小角度）
  • 資訊圖表產生器
  • 從設定選單中選取的計算器或 shell 清單中輸入數據
  • 可選擇的資訊圖表背景圖片
• 地圖檢視器
  • 點、線、多邊形的geoJSON資料集合
  • 基於單元格索引和解析度輸入的六邊形網格檢視器

可見性工具

一種旨在動態計算和顯示軌道衛星和多殼星座可見性指標的工具。 即時顯示衛星，支援多軌道、多人分析。 在設定選單中選擇的每個子星座（外殼）均以單獨的顏色顯示。 此工具的輸出包括根據地圖縮放等級計算站點線上的衛星、使用者定義的終端位置可見衛星的時間軸（可點擊）以及計算終端的 "視角" (UT)。（方位角/仰角）的 "衛星追蹤器”

• 類比速度控制：時間控制（快退、後退、播放/暫停、快轉、快轉、重設時間按鈕）、類比速度加速器（即時、60X、300X、自訂速度） ）
• 顯示控制：衛星、衛星 FoV、GW 和可見光衛星、UT 和可見衛星、海底光纜（停用/功能）、覆蓋區域（色彩強度）、覆蓋輪廓（即時、最大到達範圍、連續到達範圍）
• UT 衛星選擇：最佳視角、最小延遲、最小切換率
  • 選項：包含/忽略衛星 GW 可見性
• 輸出：星座圖動畫（單殼與多殼）
• 從用戶端可見的衛星時間軸圖（2）
• "衛星追蹤器" 圖表 (2) 顯示已設定使用者終端的天線視角（方位角和仰角）
• 可下載的 CSV 檔案和資料列
  • 星座資料：時間戳(UTC)、衛星名稱、衛星緯度、衛星經度、高度[km]、傾角[度]、ECI 位置：X、ECI 位置：Y、ECI 位置：Z、軌道週期[ 分鐘] 、平均運動 [度/分鐘]、每天轉數、偏心率、GeoJson 格式的視場 (FoV) 環
  • 視距 (LoS) 衛星：緯度、最大損失衛星、平均損失衛星、最小損失衛星
  • 衛星追蹤器：時間戳 (UTC)、可見衛星、衛星方位角、衛星高度、選擇用於連結的衛星
  • 可見的衛星時間線

延遲工具

即時基準衛星和地面端對端鏈路延遲的工具。 該工具旨在使用星間鏈路（ISL/OISL）評估星座或子星座。 此工具指定兩個可選（可點擊）端點來對衛星星座和地面場景的端到端往返延遲進行基準測試。 考慮玻璃光纖的折射率，計算具有星間鏈路 (ISL) 和地球大圓（地面最佳情況）的星座的鏈路延遲。 該工具是光纖與衛星延遲指標工具的補充（也可從選單存取）。

• ISL 操作控制：
• 輸出：在地圖上動態顯示的最短路徑ISL 連結選擇、衛星（延遲、衛星和ISL 跳數）和光纖（大圓）的端對端延遲計算以及範例時間線圖表
• 資料：可以 CSV 格式下載

IP 吞吐量工具

可設定的連結預算 (LB) 工具，可對每個系統、每個衛星類型/代以及每個有效載荷波束執行細粒度的容量和鏈路效率計算。 支援拋物面和平板天線。 NCAT 伺服器根據 NCAT 資料庫中儲存的波束技術資料計算所有有效載荷波束的按需晴空鏈路預算分析。 衛星資料基於衛星生成，NCAT 用戶可以選擇特定的網關和用戶波束（上行鏈路和下行鏈路）以在詳細表格中查看 LB 結果。

工具的輸出（所有光束）顯示在表格中並儲存在本機記憶體中，以供熱圖和移動性分析工具以及概覽儀表板工具使用。

• LB分析輸出表：
  • 上行鏈路ClearSky 鏈路預算(LB) 分析輸出（前向和返回鏈路、多個視角）：通道頻寬[MHz]、中心頻率[GHz]、天線仰角[度]]、最小BUC/TWTA 功率（飽和全波束）[W]、天線直徑[m]、天線增益[dBi]、天線饋電法蘭功率[dBW]、EIRP [dBWi]、傾斜距離（站-衛星）[km]、自由空間路徑損耗(FSPL) [dB]、大氣損耗[dB]、衛星功率通量密度(PFD) [dBW/m2]、衛星RX 天線對站峰值增益[dBi]、天線指向誤差/G/T缺點 [dB]，其他損耗（用於自訂調整））[dB]，G/T 最大。 增益點 [dB/K]、地面天線方向的 G/T [dB/K]、熱 C/N0 [dB]、C/I（來自 GSO 網路的 ASI）[dB]、C/I (Xpol) [ dB]、C/I (IM) [dB]、C/(N+I) [dB]、Eb/No[dB]、Es/No（必要）[dB]、Es/No（數據機）[dB]、Es/無餘量 [dB]、優先調製類型 (ModCod) 調變 (Xry) 、FEC 速率、ModCod 頻譜效率（忽略滾降）[bits/Hz]、滾降(1.x) Nw 管理開銷(%)、資訊位元率[Mbps]
  • 下行ClearSky 連結預算(LB) 分析輸出（前向與返回連結、多重觀點）：頻道頻寬[MHz]、中心頻率[GHz]、天線仰角[度] ]、最大限度。 傳輸 EIRP 密度 [dBW/Hz]、最大傳輸 EIRP (-BO) [dBWi]、EIRP/指向劣勢 [dB]、EIRP（使用者方向）[dBWi]、斜距（站-衛星）[km]、FSPL [ dB]、大氣損耗[dB]、用戶天線直徑[m]、面向衛星的RX 天線增益[dBi]、RX 系統噪音溫度[K]、其他損耗（用於自訂調諧）[dB]、面向衛星的大氣損耗衛星[dBi] G/T[dB/K]、熱C/N0[dB]、C/I（來自GSO 網路的ASI）[dB]、C/I (Xpol) [dB]、C/I (IM) [dB]、C/(N+I) [dB]、組合C/(N+I) 上下（僅通風管）[dB]、RX Eb/No [dB]、Es/No（必要） [ dB]、Es/No（數據機）[dB]、Es/無餘裕 [dB]、首選調變類型 (ModCod)
  • 調變 (Xry)、FEC 速率、ModCod 頻譜效率（忽略滾降）[位元/Hz]、滾降 (1+x)、Nw 管理開銷 (%)
  • 連結預算摘要（使用者選擇的波束）：閘道天線尺寸[m]、使用者天線尺寸[m]、閘道波束ID、閘道波束類型、閘道中心頻率[GHz]、網關波束頻寬[MHz]、網關平均波束IP 吞吐量[Mbps]、網關平均頻譜效率[位元/赫茲]、用戶波束ID、用戶波束類型、用戶中心頻率[GHz]、用戶波束頻寬[MHz]、用戶平均波束IP吞吐量 [Mbps]、用戶平均頻譜效率 [位元/赫茲]
  • 可實現的站點 IP 吞吐量：轉送與返回站點容量、（衛星可見）站點最大使用者容量 [Mbps]
  • 衛星IP 容量： - 閘道波束：波束數量、總頻譜[MHz]（包括極化和空間頻率復用）、每個波束平均頻寬 [MHz]、衛星IP容量[Gbps] - 最大（最佳/高品質外觀角度）、衛星 IP 容量[Gbps]- 平均（平均視角）、衛星 IP 容量[Gbps]- 最小（最差/低視角）
  • 衛星IP 容量： - 用戶波束：波束數量、總頻譜[MHz]（包括極化和空間頻率復用）、每個波束平均頻寬 [MHz]、衛星IP容量[Gbps] - 最大（最佳/高品質外觀角度）、衛星 IP 容量[Gbps]- 平均（平均視角）、衛星 IP 容量[Gbps]- 最小（最差/低視角）
  • 前向與返回連結容量：衛星容量[Gbps]- 最大（最佳/高視角）、衛星容量[Gbps]- 平均值（平均視角）、衛星容量[Gbps ]-最小值（最差/低視角）
• 註

熱圖工具

該工具對單或多軌道/多人星座的 IP 寬頻供應和需求的頻寬動態進行詳細的動態分析。

作為吞吐量工具（儲存在記憶體中），熱圖工具即時處理訊息，並根據需求條件和選定的頻寬供應公平標準將波束容量分配給定義的小區。動態分配。 NCAT 用戶可以比以前的靜態 NCAT 版本執行更好的估計，後者根據衛星可見度計算每平方公裡的比例開銷容量。

• 模擬速度控制
• 顯示控制項
• UT 衛星選擇
• 目標市場：基於細胞密度的使用者定義參數
• 定義固定寬頻服務計畫
• 用於顯示的熱圖指標選擇器：人口、可見衛星、容量需求、供應和需求
• 頻寬供應/分配公平性選擇器：優先考慮低需求小區、優先考慮高需求小區、優先考慮可見衛星較少的小區、優先考慮隨機小區
• 輸出：星座圖動畫（單殼與多殼）
• 六邊形網格：摘要
• 摘要橫幅
• 可下載的 CSV 檔案和資料列：
  • 摘要
  • 單元格網格
  • 衛星星座

行動熱圖工具

• 模擬速度控制
• 顯示控制項
• UT 衛星選擇
• 航空公司和機場選擇器
• 選擇區域網格
• 固定寬頻服務計畫定義與目標市場
• 用於顯示的熱圖指標選擇器：人口、可見衛星、容量需求、供應和需求
• 頻寬供應/分配公平選擇器
• 輸出：星座圖動畫
• 六邊形網格概述：
• 可下載的 CSV 檔案和資料列：
  • 飛行路徑資料
  • 摘要
  • 單元格網格
  • 衛星星座
• 註

儀表板工具

• 輸入：星座中的衛星數量、衛星的預期壽命（年）、每顆衛星的預期用戶波束吞吐量（Gbps，下行+上行）、每顆衛星的製造成本、衛星質量（公斤）、每公斤發射成本、目標尋址能力和捕獲
• 輸出：每可用 Mbps 資本成本的商業案例敏感度分析
  • 機率圖
  • 圖表顯示模型輸入和 BC 輸出之間的相關性
  • 資訊圖表匯總工具分析

商業案例分析工具：光纖與衛星回程

• 輸入：預計頻寬使用量- 新網路中的Mbps、每個連接用戶的平均最後一哩資本支出、非GEO HTS 頻寬使用量和成本、GW 託管收入、終端成本、服務收入和支出、資本支出-核心光纖和最後一英裡、NPV分析輸入值（公司稅率、借款利率、折現率、折舊）
• 產出：圖表和數據，包括獲利能力（包括 EBITDA、FCF、NPV 和直方圖分佈）
  • 顯示模型輸入與 BC 輸出之間相關性的散佈圖
  • 蒙特卡羅模擬樣本（1,000 個樣本）

光纖與衛星延遲度量工具

• 輸入：兩點連結位置（緯度/經度）、每個衛星跳的路由/可設定處理延遲、光纖折射率、星座軌道特性（高度、最小天線仰角）
• 輸出：對四個可能的 SAT 場景進行基準測試，考慮使用衛星間連結（光纖 ISL）、地面互連和閘道中繼站。 SAT 與 FO 場景的
• 資訊圖輸出

排除角，EPFD分析工具

• 輸入
  • 下行鏈路
  • 上行鏈路
• 輸出：計算要滿足的最小上行鏈路和下行鏈路鑑別角(φ)、根據ITU 建議計算的表格、天線輻射方向圖、用戶天線可見錐體和衛星可能的熱圖 (允許和禁止）現場的上行視角 基於緯度的站點視圖

FULL TOOLKIT:

• +3 Quarterly Updates: NCAT app

• Daily Updates: Data sources

“Non-Geo Constellations Analysis Toolkit 4.0” is now an online web application with more capabilities and power than previous spreadsheet versions.

This product's deliverables include:

• One-year multi-user access to all toolkit features, software upgrades, and database updates.

• 12 combo tools (some tools combined into fewer, dynamic tools).

• Daily updates: Orbital observations for operating satellites and airline flight routes.

• Quarterly Updates: NCAT software updates and database updates.

• Country zoom-in analysis - for over 200 countries and territories.

• Integrated with sources of commercial flight data to simulate in-flight connectivity supply-demand dynamics (thousands of selectable airlines and airports)

Report Summary:

NSR's “Non-GEO Constellations Analysis Toolkit 4.0 (NCAT4) ” is an assembly of quantitative models that x-ray and benchmark LEO and MEO satellite constellations.

The latest edition of NSR's industry-leading benchmarking toolset has moved online bringing expanded capabilities and processing power. With NCAT4, users can assess the impact of constellations dynamically, across both space and time domains, and with finer resolution and speed than previous Excel versions.

Changes and New Additions in this Edition:

Version 4 of NSR's industry-leading benchmarking toolset is a web application running millions of calculations on datasets compiled for planned and operational NGSO systems. Each tool is configurable via filters, controls and user-defined inputs. New capabilities include:

• Point-and-click interactivity: Through interactive maps and controls (layers, filters, buttons and settings) NCAT users can zoom in/out, click to set user-terminal locations and control dynamic calculations and visualizations.

• Multi-orbit analysis: Simulations are configurable for a combination of sub-constellations, from one or multiple satellite operators. In NCAT4 the number of shells and satellites combinable is limitless.

• Enhanced database and application update cycle:
  • Quarterly: Enhancements to the software and database are deployed quarterly.
  • Daily: The number of operating satellites and orbital observations are updated daily and automatically for fully or partially deployed operating NGSO shells (Starlink, OneWeb, etc.)

• Dynamic, animated visualizations: Users can visualize propagating conditions in real time such as satellites position, footprint, visible satellites, antenna look angles, link latency variations, supply and demand heatmaps, etc.

• Space-time simulation controls: NCAT users can choose to run real-time or accelerated time-lapse analysis globally, regionally (user-defined area) or locally for over 200 countries and territories.

• Simulations can be accelerated up to 300 times, allowing toolkit users to run an entire day of constellation performance inless than 5 minutes.

• Hexagonal Ground Grid: NCAT4 introduces a dynamic hex-grid. Country ground grid precision is configurable down to city-size resolution (~9 km cell radius, a 100X improvement over previous NCAT versions).

• Boosted IP throughput computations: In previous Excel NCAT versions, the IP throughput analysis for Non-GEO satellites was extrapolated from the result of executing link-budget (LB) calculations on specific, user-selectable beams. NCAT4 pushes this approach further by proactively computing LBs on all user and gateway beams. Additionally, the number of IP throughput link budget instances for combinations of gateway and user-terminal look angles is three times larger (finer) than in previous NCAT versions.

• Demand-driven supply: Via selectable supply fairness criteria, NCAT4 simulates reconfigurations of steerable beam capacity to best meet changing demand conditions.

• Upgraded Mobility Tool: NCAT4 is now linked to daily information sources^* of commercial flights for the assessment of in-flight connectivity (IFC) supply/demand dynamics (tens of thousands of flight routes, airlines and airports).

• Downloadable datasets: NCAT4 simulations produce vast amounts of output datasets that are downloadable in CSV format for further processing outside the NCAT platform: Timestamped constellation shells data, terrestrial grids, capacity supply & demand calculations, assessment summaries, flight routes, charts data, look angles, beam utilization, etc. (details in Table of Contents)

“NCAT4 ” is a standalone NSR product that may also be leveraged in combination with market metrics and insights from relevant NSR and Analysys Mason research studies. The toolset is meant for both business and technical professionals alike seeking in-depth understanding of NGSO SATCOM.

^*Daily flight information is currently supported through NCAT's server API key. In future updates NCAT users may need to use their own keys to access daily flights information.

Key Questions Addressed:

• How do NGSO architectures differ at multiple levels: Coverage, capacity, beams and satellites?

• What is the service impact of constellations' orbital mechanics (coverage, portion of the Earth covered, maximum latitude reach, distance and delay, orbital period, satellite pass time, etc.)?

• What is the maximum, average and minimum number of satellites in line of sight (LoS) across all latitudes, per shell or selectable combination of shells?

• What is the timestamped number of visible satellites and look angles at user-defined terminal locations?

• How does fiber latency benchmark against LEO topologies, depending on POPs, use of optical inter-satellite links (OISL) and link relays?

• What is the forward and return link capacity (spectrum, bandwidth and IP throughput) per selectable gateway/user beam, satellite and sub-constellation?

• How do uplink and downlink beam performance (efficiency, ModCods) and IP capacity vary based on user-terminal and gateway elevation angles?

• What is the maximum, minimum and average IP throughput capacity per beam, satellite generation and sub-constellation?

• How much capacity can be steered towards specific (definable) territories or countries at aggregate and cell area levels?

• How to assess supply and demand dynamics factually, based on user-configurable mobility and fixed broadband service plans? Where are the congestion areas and how they shift over time?

• How can the capital cost per usable Mbps/month be inferred? What is the sensitivity to cost and performance elements?

• Under what conditions can SATCOM constellations become competitive vs. fiber optics to service distant underserved communities? How sensitive is the backhaul business case to CAPEX and OPEX elements?

• What are the regulatory exclusion angles for NGSO systems to avoid interfering with GEO (GSO) systems?

“NCAT4 ” processes millions of data points dynamically to drive unbiased, rigorous assessments of constellations' capabilities and their competitive standing versus terrestrial networks.

Bottom Line: Clients rely on a feature-rich toolbox to drive analysis of LEO and MEO satellite constellations.

Key Features:

LEO and MEO satellite constellations beaming tens of Terabits per second have disrupted the space sector, affecting the wider telecommunications industry. It has become vital for strategists, planners and business/technical decision makers across fixed, wireless and satellite value chains to measure and visualize the impact at granularly defined levels. The NCAT4 platform provides a multiplicity of tools, each with its own variables and filters driving accurate calculations that users can visualize on maps, charts, infographics and exportable datasets.

Toolkit Elements Include:

• Sophisticated but easy-to-use analytics models driven by auto-populated or manually set inputs and filters

• Output-rich set of technical and business metrics benchmarking constellations performance at multiple layers

• Useful visualizations including comparison charts, dynamic heatmaps, satellites, footprints per constellation and infographics.

• Detailed input and output data tables with information per system and sub-constellation

• Bandwidth supply and addressability assessments for geographic-based SWOT and TAM analysis

• Examination of line-of-sight satellites and gateway/terminal beam IP throughput

• Estimator of breakeven capital costs per deployed and usable Mbps

• Terrestrial versus satellite backhaul business-case sensitivity analysis via configurable Monte Carlo simulation.

• Uplink and downlink discrimination angle calculations for NGSO-GSO interference avoidance

• Granular heatmaps of satellite bandwidth supply/demand dynamics via a configurable grid system

• Other models and calculators included: User and gateway antenna visibility cones, satellites beam-covered areas, shells' latitude reach, portion of Earth surface and population addressed, orbital period, satellite handoff time, slant range, satellite vs. terrestrial latency, upstream and downstream spectrum and throughput, spectral efficiency, fiber vs satellite NPV (Net Present Value) sensitivity analysis, profitability, etc.

• Datasets are downloadable in CSV format. Visualizations (maps, charts, infographics) are downloadable in PDF /PNG formats

Who Should Purchase NCAT:

• Established and emerging satellite operators (GSO & NGSO, FSS & MSS)

• Teleport operators, satellite service providers and Integrators

• Distributors and resellers of managed satellite services

• Terrestrial and wireless network operators including telcos, MNOs, towercos, cable, IP Transit, WLL and cloud service providers.

• Equipment manufacturers of solutions for NGSO SATCOM, including terminals, antennae (MSA & ESA), hub/modems, RF and ground-network virtualization sub-systems

• Spacecraft manufacturers and component vendors

• Airlines, cruise lines and energy communication stakeholders

• Other major end users of NGSO services including commercial, government, defense and first responders.

• Industry Associations and research labs /institutions

• IT Companies developing virtualized cloud software solutions for constellations.

• Regulators and spectrum utilization agencies

• Financial institutions, investment management and insurance.

Systems Analyzed in this Product:

As an online configurable toolset NCAT4 has unlimited expandability and is delivered pre-populated with key data inputs for leading NGSO systems. Datasets include granted, operating and proposed systems. Partial list: Amazon Project Kuiper, AST SpaceMobile, Astra Space, Hughes HVNET, Intelsat MEO, Kepler Communications, LYNK Global, Mangata Networks, OneWeb, Rivada Space Networks, SES O3B, SpaceX Starlink, Telesat Lightspeed and Viasat/Inmarsat.

Market commentary:

"The go-to compendium and toolkit for NGSO constellations." - Konrad Nieradka, System and Service Architect, Rivada Space Network.

"Very impressive piece of work, and incredibly useful." - Nihar Shah, Vice President, Strategy and Market Intelligence, SES.

"Excellent toolset ! Flexible, visual, easy-to-use and with in-depth analysis." - Pablo Rasore, CEO, Grupo Andesat.

Table of Contents

Toolkit User Guide (PDF)

Online Toolkit Tools (brief description, inputs and output below)

Configuration /Settings Menu

Web page (clickable in the private NCAT menu) that downloads the latest data from the NCAT4 database and displays it in tables. Users can select (check) and edit the specific sub-constellations and gateway stations for personalized analysis.

• Database table with selectable and editable constellation shells. Table columns:
  • Shell ID, System Name, Altitude, Orbital Inclination, Orbital Planes, Sats per Plane, Min Elevation Angle - User Terminals, Min Elevation Angle - Gateway Antennas, ISL.

• Database table with a selectable and editable list of gateway stations:
  • Gateway ID, Operator , System, GW Name, Latitude, Longitude, Antennas, Antenna Size [m], Source

• Benchmark charts

• Note: User edits are stored only in the local machine browser memory (NCAT4 users' personalized analysis is not sent to the server)

Calculators Tool

Page populated with calculators and visualization tools for various needs, meant for users to quickly drive general metrics by editing only a small set of inputs

• Constellation Characteristics
  • Inputs: Constellation Name, Orbital Inclination, Minimum Elevation Angle - User antenna/terminal, Minimum Elevation Angle - Gateway Station antenna, Satellite Altitude.
  • Output: Orbital Radius, Flight Velocity, Angular Speed, Orbital Period, Max. time between handoffs (Pass Time), Min. Satellite Handoff Rate.
  • Portion of Earth Covered (blanketed) by Constellation
  • Max Latitude Reached by Sat's Footprint (N & S)

• Portion of Earth Surface Covered by Constellation
  • Surface Area Covered (between N and S Max Latitudes)
  • Surface Area Not Covered: North and South of Max Lat Reach.

• Satellites Footprint
  • Min Surface Area covered by each Satellite (footprint)
  • number of sats in constellation
  • Minimum satellite coverage angle (from Earth center)
  • Sats Coverage Radius

• Distance and Delay: Earth to Satellite
  • Min Distance between sats and ground stations (GS)
  • Min Round-Trip Delay (@ 90 deg elevation)
  • Max Sat-GS Distance -User terminal (@ min UT el angle)
  • Max Sat-GS Distance -GW Station (@ min GW el angle)
  • Max Round-Trip Delay between GW and UT (both @ min el angle)
  • Infographics generator
  • Inputs data from calculator or from the shell list checked in the config menu
  • Selectable infographics background image

• Map viewer
  • For geoJSON data collections of points, lines and polygons
  • Hexagonal grid viewer based on cell index and resolution inputs

• Note: User inputs and simulation results are stored only in the local machine browser memory (NCAT4 users' personalized analysis is not sent to the server).

Visibility Tool

Tool designed to dynamically calculate and display orbiting satellites and visibility metrics for multi-shell constellations. Displays satellites in real time and supports multi-orbit, multi-player analysis. Each sub-constellation (shell) selected in the settings menu is displayed with a distinct color. Tool output includes calculations for satellites in line of site based on the map zoom level, a timeline of visible satellites for user-defined terminal locations (clickable) and a "sat tracker" for the calculation of terminal's (UT) "look angles" (azimuth/elevation)

• Simulation speed controls: Time Controls (fast-backward, backward, play/pause, forward, fast-forward, reset time buttons), simulation peed accelerator (real time, 60X, 300X and custom speed).

• Display Controls: Satellites, Sat Field of View (FoV), GWs & visible sats, UT & visible sats, Undersea Fiber Cables (disabled /feature use), Serviceable Area (color Intensity), reach contour (Real Time, Maximum Reach, Continuous Reach)

• UT Sat Selection: Best look angle, Lowest latency, Min handoff rate
  • Option: Include /Ignore satellite GW visibility

• Output: Map animation of constellation (single and multi-shell)
  • Clickable for user terminal location
  • Satellites in Line of Sight (LoS) Chart: Minimum, average, maximum and real-time number of satellites in LoS across -90 to 90 degrees latitude
  • Download buttons for chart (PDF) and data (csv)

• Timeline chart of visible satellites for the user terminals (2)
  • Download buttons for chart (PDF) and data (csv)

• "Sat Tracker" chart showing antenna look angles (azimuth & elevation) for set user terminals (2)
  • Real-time calculation of satellites in Line of Sight (LOS) for the defined site locations
  • Antenna azimuth and elevation for all satellites visible by the terminals
  • Selected satellite for connection based on defined criterion (lowest delay, etc.).
  • Download buttons for chart (PDF) and data (csv)

• Downloadable CSV files and data columns:
  • Constellations data: Timestamp (UTC), Sat Name, Sat Latitude, Sat Longitude, Altitude [km], Inclination [deg], ECI position: X, ECI position: Y, ECI position: Z, Orbital Period [min], Mean Motion [deg/min], Revs per Day, Eccentricity, Field of View (FoV) Rings in GeoJson format.
  • Satellites in Line of Sight (LoS): Latitude (-90 to 90 degrees in 5 deg. increments), Sats In Los Max, Sats In Los Avg, Sats In Los Min.
  • Sat Tracker: Timestamp (UTC), Visible Sats, Sat Azimuth, Sat Elevation, Selected Sat for Link
  • Visible Sats Timeline: Timestamp (UTC), Number of Visible Satellites Terminal 1, Number of Visible Satellites Terminal 2.

• Note: User settings and simulation results are stored only in the local machine browser memory (NCAT4 users' personalized analysis is not sent to the server)

Latency Tool

Tool that benchmarks satellite and terrestrial end-to-end link latency in real time. This tool is designed for the assessment of constellations or sub-constellations with Inter-Satellite Links (ISL /OISL). Given two selectable (clickable) end points the tool benchmarks the end-to-end round trip latency of satellite constellations versus terrestrial scenarios. It calculates the link delay for constellations with Inter-Satellite Links (ISLs) and great-circle terrestrial (best-case terrestrial scenario) considering glass-fiber's refraction index. This tool complements the Fiber-vs-Sat Delay Metrics tool (also accessible in the menu).

• ISL Behavior Controls:
  • Intra-plane: Sat search Sensitivity (as multiplier of default search area)
  • Inter-plane: ISL FoV Angle [deg]
  • ISL Reach (as multiplier of max inter-plane distance)
  • ISL Sat Selection: Nearest sat (within ISL FoV and reach), Sat with lowest relative speed (within ISL FoV and reach)

• Output: Shortest-path ISL link selection displayed dynamically on the map, timeline chart with end-to-end latency calculation samples for satellite (latency, satellite and ISL hops) and fiber (great circle)

• Data downloadable in CSV format.

IP Throughput Tool

Configurable Link Budgeting (LB) tool that performs granular capacity and link efficiency calculations per system, per satellite type/generation, and for each payload beam. It has support for -both- parabolic and flat-panel antennas. The NCAT server computes on-demand clear-sky link budget analysis for all payload beams based on beams technical data stored in the NCAT database. Satellite data is based on the satellite generation and NCAT users can select specific gateway and user beams (both uplink and downlink) to display the LB results in detailed tables.

Tool output (all beams) is displayed in tables and stored in local memory for use in the heatmap and mobility analysis tools, as well as in dashboard-tool summaries.

• LB analysis Output tables:
  • Uplink ClearSky Link Budget (LB) Analysis Output (forward and return links, multiple look angles): Channel Bandwidth [MHz], Central Frequency [GHz], Antenna Elevation Angle [deg], Min BUC/TWTA Power (saturated full beam)[W], Antenna Diameter [m], Antenna Gain [dBi], Antenna Feed Flange Power [dBW], EIRP [dBWi], Slant Range (Station-Satellite) [km], Free Space Path Loss (FSPL) [dB], Atmospheric Loss [dB], Power Flux Density (PFD) at Satellite [dBW/m2], Satellite RX Antenna Peak Gain towards Station [dBi], Antenna Pointing Error / G/T disadvantage [dB], Other Losses (use for custom adjustment) [dB], G/T at Max. Gain Point [dB/K], G/T towards Ground Antenna [dB/K], Thermal C/N0 [dB], C/I (ASI from GSO networks)[dB], C/I (Xpol)[dB], C/I (IM)[dB], C/(N+I)[dB], Eb/No[dB], Es/No (Required)[dB], Es/No (Modem)[dB], Es/No Margin [dB], Preferred Modulation Type (ModCod) Modulation (Xry), FEC Rate, ModCod Spectral Efficiency (ignoring roll-off) [bits/Hz], Roll-Off (1.x) Nw Mgmt Overhead (%), Information Bit Rate [Mbps].
  • Downlink ClearSky Link Budget (LB) Analysis Output (forward and return links, multiple look angles): Channel Bandwidth [MHz], Central Frequency [GHz], Antenna Elevation Angle [deg], Max. Transmit EIRP Density [dBW/Hz], Max. Transmit EIRP (-BO) [dBWi], EIRP /Pointing disadvantage [dB], EIRP (towards user) [dBWi], Slant Range (Station-Satellite) [km], FSPL [dB], Atmospheric Loss [dB], User Antenna Diameter [m], RX Antenna Gain towards Satellite [dBi], RX System Noise temperature [K], Other Losses (use for custom adjustment) [dB], G/T towards the Satellite [dB/K], Thermal C/N0 [dB], C/I (ASI from GSO networks) [dB], C/I (Xpol) [dB], C/I (IM) [dB], C/(N+I) [dB], Combined C/(N+I) up & down (bent-pipe only) [dB], RX Eb/No [dB], Es/No (Required) [dB], Es/No (Modem) [dB], Es/No Margin [dB], Preferred Modulation Type (ModCod)
  • Modulation (Xry), FEC Rate, ModCod Spectral Efficiency (ignoring roll-off) [bits/Hz], Roll-Off (1+x), Nw Mgmt Overhead (%).
  • Link Budget Summary (user selected beams): Gateway Antenna Size [m], User Antenna Size [m], Gateway Beam ID, Gateway Beam Type, Gateway Center Frequency [GHz], Gateway Beam Bandwidth [MHz], Gateway Average Beam IP Throughput [Mbps], Gateway Avg. Spectral Efficiency [bits/hertz], User Beam ID, User Beam Type, User Center Frequency [GHz], User Beam Bandwidth [MHz], User Average Beam IP Throughput [Mbps], User Avg. Spectral Efficiency [bits/hertz]
  • Achievable Site IP Throughput: Forward & Return Site Capacity, Max. User capacity at (sat-visible) site [Mbps]
  • Satellite IP Capacity: - Gateway Beams: Number of Beams, Total Spectrum [MHz] (incl. pol. & spatial freq. reuse), Average Bandwidth per Beam [MHz], Sat IP Capacity [Gbps] - Max (best/high look angles), Sat IP Capacity [Gbps] - Avg (average look angles), Sat IP Capacity [Gbps] - Min (worst/low look angles)
  • Satellite IP Capacity: - User Beams: Number of Beams, Total Spectrum [MHz] (incl. pol. & spatial freq. reuse), Average Bandwidth per Beam [MHz], Sat IP Capacity [Gbps] - Max (best/high look angles), Sat IP Capacity [Gbps] - Avg (average look angles), Sat IP Capacity [Gbps] - Min (worst/low look angles)
  • Forward & return Link Capacity: Satellite Capacity [Gbps] - Max (best/high look angles), Satellite Capacity [Gbps] - Avg (average look angles), Satellite Capacity [Gbps] - Min (worst/low look angles)

• Notes:
  • This tool leverages an NCAT4 server-side API to run all possible LB combinations, based on user inputs. The API is currently accessible only via the NCAT4 frontend application.
  • IP throughput and satellite capacity calculations follow standard satellite link budgeting logic, where data inputs drive output. The information and default calculations in this tool are based on publicly available data from FCC and ITU filings and -while rigorous- represent an estimation of capabilities of NGSO satellite networks. Satellite operators may state their own system capabilities using proprietary data. Thus, results from NCAT may differ from satellite operators' own numbers if the NCAT database is unable to replicate their numbers using information and assumptions from public filings. Contact the satellite operators individually for a more detailed analysis of their system and satellite capabilities.
  • As of the NCAT4 release date, the server counts with technical satellite data to perform link budget, IP bandwidth calculations for the following systems (based on satellite generation, applies to all shells using same satellite architecture). Users can edit the NCAT inputs to run LB analysis for any other system not surveyed/cataloged in the NCAT server:
  • Amazon Project Kuiper (Ka and V systems), Astra Space, Boeing, Hughes HVNET, Intelsat MEO, OneWeb (phases 1 & 2), SES O3B (current and next generation MEO-HTS), Starlink (Gen1 and Gen2), SpaceX VLEO, Telesat Lightspeed (granted and modified), Telesat VLEO and Viasat MEO & LEO.
  • AST Space Mobile, China GW-2 & GW-A59, E-Space, Kepler Communications, LYNK Global, Mangata Networks and Rivada Space Networks are not fully digitized. Data and calculations for such systems are provided for orbital mechanics but not for IP throughput analysis. Toolkit users can refer to the relevant ITU/FCC filings to extract technical data and leverage the generic Link Budgeting tool (included with the toolkit) to run performance calculations on such systems and/or any other.

Heatmap Tool

This tool executes a granular and dynamic analysis of IP broadband supply & demand bandwidth dynamics for single or multi-orbit/multi-player constellations. Based on factual IP throughput results previously conducted using the IP

Throughput tool (stored in memory), the heatmap tool processes the information in real-time and, based on demand conditions, assigns beam capacity dynamically to the ground the cells defined based on the bandwidth supply fairness criterion selected. NCAT users can run better estimations than those calculated in previous static NCAT versions that calculated proportional overhead capacity per square kilometer based on satellite visibility.

• Simulation speed controls: Time Controls (fast-backward, backward, play/pause, forward, fast-forward, reset time buttons), simulation peed accelerator (real time, 60X, 300X and custom speed).

• Display Controls: Satellites, Sat Field of View (FoV), GWs & visible sats, UT & visible sats, Hexagonal cells, Serviceable Area (color Intensity), reach contour (Real Time, Maximum Reach, Continuous Reach)

• UT Sat Selection: Best look angle, Lowest latency, Min handoff rate
  • Option: Include /Ignore satellite GW visibility

• Territory Selection: User-defined (dynamic resolution grid), or country zoom-in (over 200 countries and territories selectable)
  • Coarse/Fine Option: Modify country cell resolution, down to city-size precision (~9 km cell radius).

• Target Market: User-defined parameters based on cell population density:
  • Minimum density (0.1 to 100 inhabitants/sq.km)
  • Maximum density (100 to 1000 inhabitants/sq.km)
  • Target market capture (%)

• Fixed Broadband Service Plan Definition:
  • Target forward and return data rates [Mbps]
  • Overbooking rate.

• Heatmap Metric Selector for Display: Population, visible satellites, capacity demand, supply & demand (combined)

• Bandwidth Supply Distribution Fairness Selector: Prioritize low demand cells, Prioritize high demand cells, Prioritize cells with fewer visible sats, Random cell priority.

• Output: Map animation of constellation (single and multi-shell)
  • Color-coded hexagonal cells based on defined resolution/territory, supply/demand and metric selector.
  • Download buttons for chart (PDF) and data (csv)

• Hexagonal grid summary: Resolution, Number of Cells, Avg Hexagon Edge Length (km), Avg Hexagon Area (sq.km), Diameter of equal-area circle (km), Total Grid Area (sq.km), Population (people)

• Summary Banners: Satellites, Global constellation capacity [Gbps], Satellites over selected territory (grid), Capacity over selected territory [Gbps], Average capacity per territory cell [Gbps], Territory area [sq.km], Territory population [inhabitants], Target area population (addressable), Target area bandwidth [Gbps], Feasible target area bandwidth supply [Gbps]

• Downloadable CSV files and data columns:
  • Summary: Timestamp (UTC), Grid: Resolution (h3), Grid: Number of Cells, Grid: Avg Hexagon Edge Length (km), Grid: Avg Hexagon Area (sq.km), Grid: Diameter of equal-area circle (km), Grid: Total Grid Area (sq.km), Grid: Population (people), Target: Min people/sq.km, Target: Max people/sq.km, Target: Capture %, Svc Plan: Datarate Fwd [Mbps], Svc Plan: Datarate Rtn [Mbps], Svc Plan: Overbooking Ratio (to 1), Conditions: Bw Supply Fairness, Conditions: Beam Hopping, Sat-GW Visibility (1=ignore), Territory Satellites, Global Constellation Capacity [Gbps], Satellites over Selected Territory (grid), Capacity over Selected Territory [Gbps], Average Capacity per Territory Cell [Gbps], Territory Area [sq.km], Territory Population [inhabitants], Target Area Population (addressable), Target Area Bandwidth Demand [Gbps], Feasible target area bw supply [Gbps].
  • Cell Grid: Timestamp (UTC), H3 Cell Index, Cell Center Lat [deg], Cell Center Lon [deg], Cell Area [sq.km], Cell Population, Cell Population Density [people/sq.km], Cell DL Capacity Demand [Mbps] , Cell UL Capacity Demand [Mbps], Cell DL Capacity Supply [Mbps], Cell DL Capacity Supply - Demand [Mbps], Visible Sats (count), Svc Quality (sample) , Sample Timelapse [msec], GB Demanded (sample), GB Carried (sample), GB Lost (sample), GB carried / GB Demanded (sample), Simul Start Date-Time (UTC), Simul End Date-Time (UTC), Simul Elapsed Time [sec], GB Demanded (elapsed time), GB Carried (elapsed time), Cell BW Demand Fulfillment Rate [%], Cell Svc Availability [%].
  • Satellite Constellation: Timestamp (UTC), Subs-Constellation, Sat Name, Sat Latitude, Sat Longitude, DL User Beams Used (Count), DL User Beams Free (Count), DL User Beam Utilization, DL User Beams Used (List), DL User Beams Free (List), DL User Beams Partially Used - List, Field of View (FoV) Rings in GeoJSON format.

• Note: User settings and simulation results are stored only in the local machine browser memory (NCAT4 users' personalized analysis is not sent to the server)

Mobility Heatmap Tool

This tool executes a granular and dynamic analysis of constellations' supply & demand bandwidth dynamics for mobility (currently only In-Flight Connectivity -IFC). Users can optionally configure settings for fixed broadband (same as in the heatmap broadband tool) if the scenario requires mixing of the two applications. Based on factual IP throughput results previously conducted using the IP Throughput tool (stored in memory), the heatmap tool processes the information in real-time and, based on demand conditions, assigns beam capacity dynamically to the aircraft and associated ground cells defined based on the bandwidth supply fairness criterion selected.

• Simulation speed controls: Time Controls (fast-backward, backward, play/pause, forward, fast-forward, reset time buttons), simulation peed accelerator (real time, 60X, 300X and custom speed).

• Display Controls: Satellites, Sat Field of View (FoV), GWs & visible sats, UT & visible sats, Airports & flight routes, Aircraft & travelled routes, Hex cells, Serviceable Area (color Intensity), reach contour (Real Time, Maximum Reach, Continuous Reach)

• UT Sat Selection: Best look angle, Lowest latency, Min handoff rate
  • Option: Include /Ignore satellite GW visibility.

• Airline and Airports selector: Selectable by IATA codes from a list of over 12 thousand airlines and ~10 thousand airports.
  • Outbound and inbound flights selectors.

• Territory Grid Selection: User-defined (dynamic resolution grid), or country zoom-in (over 200 countries and territories selectable)
  • Coarse/Fine Option: Modify country cell resolution, down to city-size precision (~9 km cell radius).

• Fixed Broadband Service Plan Definition and Target Market: User-defined parameters based on cell population density.

• Heatmap Metric Selector for Display: Population, visible satellites, capacity demand, supply & demand (combined)

• Bandwidth Supply Distribution Fairness Selector: Prioritize low demand cells, Prioritize high demand cells, Prioritize cells with fewer visible sats, Random cell priority.

• Output: Map animation of constellation (single and multi-shell)
  • Color-coded hexagonal cells based on defined resolution/territory, supply/demand and metric selector.
  • Download buttons for chart (PDF) and data (csv)

• Hexagonal grid summary: Resolution, Number of Cells, Avg Hexagon Edge Length (km), Avg Hexagon Area (sq.km), Diameter of equal-area circle (km), Total Grid Area (sq.km), Population (people)

• Summary Banners: Satellites, Global constellation capacity [Gbps], Satellites over selected territory (grid), Capacity over selected territory [Gbps], Average capacity per territory cell [Gbps], Aircraft Count (all flying), Number of A/C over selected territory (grid), Number of grid cells used by flying A/C, Average IFC bandwidth demand per cell [Mbps], Average A/C flying speed [km/h], Territory area [sq.km], Territory population [inhabitants], Target area population (addressable), Total target area bandwidth [Gbps], Feasible target area bandwidth supply [Gbps].

• Downloadable CSV files and data columns:
  • Flight Routes Data: Departure: Airport, Departure: Timezone, Departure: IATA, Departure: ICAO, Departure: Time (local), Arrival: Airport, Arrival: Timezone, Arrival: IATA, Arrival: ICAO, Arrival: Time (local), Airline: Name, Airline: callsign, Airline: IATA, Airline: ICAO, Flight: Number.
  • Summary: Timestamp (UTC), Grid: Resolution (h3), Grid: Number of Cells, Grid: Avg Hexagon Edge Length (km), Grid: Avg Hexagon Area (sq.km), Grid: Diameter of equal-area circle (km), Grid: Total Grid Area (sq.km), Grid: Population (people), Target: Min people/sq.km, Target: Max people/sq.km, Target: Capture %, Svc Plan: Datarate Fwd [Mbps], Svc Plan: Datarate Rtn [Mbps], Svc Plan: Overbooking Ratio (to 1), Conditions: Bw Supply Fairness, Conditions: Beam Hopping, Sat-GW Visibility (1=ignore), Territory Satellites, Global Constellation Capacity [Gbps], Satellites over Selected Territory (grid), Capacity over Selected Territory [Gbps], Average Capacity per Territory Cell [Gbps], Territory Area [sq.km], Territory Population [inhabitants], Target Area Population (addressable), Target Area Bandwidth Demand [Gbps], Feasible target area bw supply [Gbps].
  • Cell Grid: Timestamp (UTC), H3 Cell Index, Cell Center Lat [deg], Cell Center Lon [deg], Cell Area [sq.km], Cell Population, Cell Population Density [people/sq.km], Aircraft within cell boundaries (count), Cell DL Capacity Demand [Mbps], Cell UL Capacity Demand [Mbps], Cell DL Capacity Supply [Mbps], Cell DL Capacity Supply - Demand [Mbps], Visible Sats (count), Svc Quality (sample), Sample Timelapse [msec], GB Demanded (sample), GB Carried (sample), GB Lost (sample), GB carried / GB Demanded (sample), Simul Start Date-Time (UTC), Simul End Date-Time (UTC), Simul Elapsed Time [sec], GB Demanded (elapsed time), GB Carried (elapsed time), Cell BW Demand Fulfillment Rate [%], Cell Svc Availability [%].
  • Satellite Constellation: Timestamp (UTC), Subs-Constellation, Sat Name, Sat Latitude, Sat Longitude, DL User Beams Used (Count), DL User Beams Free (Count), DL User Beam Utilization, DL User Beams Used (List), DL User Beams Free (List), DL User Beams Partially Used - List, Field of View (FoV) Rings in GeoJSON format.

• Notes:
  • User settings and simulation results are stored only in the local machine browser memory (NCAT4 users' personalized analysis is not sent to the server)
  • Daily flight information is currently supported through NCAT's server API key. In future updates NCAT users may need to use their own keys to access daily flights information.

Dashboard Tool

Displays a summary and visual representations of the NCAT user analysis and simulation results for all above-listed tools.

Non-GEO Business Case Tool

Tool that runs a sensitivity analysis for the capital cost of deployed and usable Mbps/Month and bandwidth breakeven price. This tool currently operates as an Excel file embedded into the NCAT site. Users can interact with the tool online or download the Excel file for local processing.

• Inputs: Number of satellites in constellation, Estimated Lifetime of Satellites (Years), Estimated User Beam Throughput per Satellite (Gbps; down + up), Manufacturing Cost per Satellite, Satellite Mass (Kg), Launch Costs per Kg, target addressability and capture.

• Output: Business-case sensitivity analysis of the capital cost per usable Mbps.
  • Probability charts
  • Scatter plots illustrating correlations between model inputs and BC output...
  • Infographic summarizing tool's analysis

Fiber Optic vs. Satellite Backhaul Business Case Analysis Tool

This tool runs a business-Case sensitivity analysis as a Fiber Optics (FO) versus Satellite (SAT) investment project evaluation. This tool currently operates as an Excel file embedded into the NCAT site. Users can interact with the tool online or download the Excel file for local processing.

• Inputs: Projected BW Use - Mbps New-Network Wide, Average Last-mile CAPEX per connected user, Non-GEO HTS Bandwidth Usage & Cost, GW Hosting Revenues, Terminal cost, Service Revenue and Expenses, Captal Expenditures - Core Fiber & last-mile, NPV analysis inputs (corp. tax rate, debt financing interest rate, discount rate, depreciation)

• Output: Charts and data with resulting EBITDA, FCF, NPV and Profitability including histogram distribution of possible outcomes
  • Scatter plots illustrating correlations between model inputs and BC output.
  • Monte Carlo simulation samples (1 thousand samples)

Fiber Optic vs. Satellite Delay Metrics Tool

This tool complements the dynamic latency tool by providing a quick analysis of best-case propagation latency for end-to-end link using Fiber Optics (FO) and LEO Satellite (SAT). This tool currently operates as an Excel file embedded into the NCAT site. Users can interact with the tool online or download the Excel file for local processing.

• Inputs: Location (lat/long) of a two-point link, configurable processing delay per routing/satellite hop, fiber refraction index, constellations orbital characteristics (altitude, min antenna elevation angles)

• Output: Benchmark of four possible SAT scenarios considering use of Inter-satellite links (optical ISLs), terrestrial interconnections and gateway relay stations

• Infographics output for SAT vs. FO scenarios

Exclusion Angles, EPFD Analysis Tool

Calculation of downlink and uplink discrimination angles based on the Equivalent Power Flux Density (EFFD) limits of Article 22 of the ITU Radio Regulations; applicable to FSS (Ku & Ka) frequency bands. This tool currently operates as an Excel file embedded into the NCAT site. Users can interact with the tool online or download the Excel file for local processing.

• Inputs:
  • Downlink: Beam Frequency band (GHz), Satellite Peak EIRP density [dB(W/Hz)], Altitude (km), Minimum Antenna Elevation, Co-freq Satellites.
  • Uplink: Beam Frequency band (GHz), Maximum number of co-frequency operating NGSO earth stations visible by a GSO satellite, Peak uplink power spectral density fed into the NGSO transmitting earth station [dB(W/Hz)], Antenna Diameter (m), Min. Saturation Flux Density (dBW/m2 ) , E.S. uplink eirp (dBw/Hz), Channel Bandwidth (Hz)

• Output: Calculated minimum uplink and downlink discrimination angles (φ) that should be met, tables calculated following ITU recommendations, antenna radiation pattern charts, Heatmaps of possible (allowed & disallowed) uplink look angles for the user-antenna visibility cone and satellites' field of view, based on site latitude.