乏燃料和放射性廢物管理市場 - COVID-19 的增長、趨勢、影響和預測 (2023-2028)

乏燃料和放射性廢物管理市場預計在 2022 年至 2027 年的預測期內以 1.5% 的複合年增長率增長。

在 COVID-19 大流行期間，市場沒有受到任何重大負面影響。 與化石燃料相比，核電站能夠以更低的碳排放量發電。 與其他火力發電技術相比，核發電產生的廢物量非常小，但核廢物的適當和安全管理是核電站運營商最重要的問題。它是 諸如越來越多地採用清潔能源以滿足碳排放目標以及政府政策支持的核電站壽命延長等因素預計將推動市場。 然而，在預測期內，高初始成本和投資回收期可能會阻礙乏燃料和放射性廢物管理市場。

主要亮點

• 過去，低放廢物行業一直主導著市場，並且很可能在預測期內佔據主導地位。
• 中東和非洲的主要國家和一些大公司正在投資非化石燃料發電技術，尤其是小型核反應堆。 沙特阿拉伯計劃到 2030 年將其 30-50% 的核計劃本地化。 同樣，約旦和其他幾個國家也處於建設核電站的早期階段，未來將為全球乏燃料和核廢料管理市場提供增長機會。
• 由於中國和印度等主要新興經濟體的存在，預計亞太地區的乏燃料和核廢料管理全球市場將出現顯著增長。

乏燃料和放射性廢物管理市場趨勢

低放射性廢料有望主導市場

• 放射性核廢料包括具有放射性或被放射性污染並確定不再使用的材料。 核燃料循環產生的低放廢物 (LLW) 所含放射性物質不超過每噸 ALPHA 活度 4 吉貝可 (GBq/t) 和 12 GBq/t BETA 伽馬活度。 LLW 通常在處置前被壓實或焚燒以減少其體積。
• LLW 在處理或運輸過程中不需要屏蔽，適合在近地表設施中處置。
• 調查的市場以低放廢物為主，佔放射性廢物總量的 90%，但只有 1% 具有放射性。 LLW 處置的管理方法（已採用或正在考慮）包括三個主要選項：近地質處置、中深度洞穴處置和深層地質處置。
• 由於 90% 以上的核廢料被歸類為 LLW，因此有必要發展基礎設施以正確安全地儲存放射性廢料。 此外，核電作為清潔和可持續能源的日益普及，促使各國投資核電廠和相關設施，這正在推動乏燃料和核廢料管理市場。預□□計
• 因此，核電的持久性和有前途的發電替代方案在全球範圍內對核電廠產生了巨大的需求。
• 此外，由於核電的優勢和可靠性，亞太地區正在建設各種發電廠。 在此背景下，乏燃料和放射性廢物市場的需求也在增加。
• 因此，預計低放射性廢物行業將在預測期內主導市場。

亞太地區有望實現顯著增長

• 預計亞太地區將成為預測期內增長最快的市場。 與北美和歐洲相比，發電量，尤其是核電的增長多年來一直受到限制。 幾個亞洲國家正在計劃或建造新的核反應堆，以滿足對清潔電力日益增長的需求。 中國、日本、韓國和印度是預計在預測期內推動亞太乏燃料和核廢物管理市場的主要國家。
• 中國採用最先進的技術和最嚴格的標準發展核電，對核設施的選址、設計、施工、運行和廢物管理的整個生命週期進行嚴格控制。 . 截至 2022 年 2 月，中國有 54 座反應堆在運行，14 座反應堆在建，還有一座反應堆接近開工建設。 2021年在運反應堆總容量為50.71Gwe，當年發電量約375TWh，佔全國總發電量的4.9%。
• 該國計劃在未來幾年擴大其反應堆艦隊。 截至2020年6月，中國共有核反應堆1224萬千瓦，在建和規劃中超過50萬千瓦。 2020 年 4 月，生態環境部核安全監察局局長表示，所有 15 個未完工的反應堆都已恢復建設，已經運行的反應堆未受到 COVID-19 爆發的影響。
• 中國核能行業繼續穩步擴張，2018年至2027年年均裝機容量增長10.3%，預計到下一個十年末核電裝機容量將達到95GW以上。 . 這符合中國實現基本負荷發電脫碳以及積累和出口核能專業知識的雄心勃勃的目標。 因此，廢物量預計將大大高於現有核電站，這可能會在預測期內推動市場。
• 此外，根據世界核協會的數據，該國的鈾需求到 2020 年將超過 11,000 TU（58 個反應堆在運行），到 2025 年將超過 18,500 TU（100 個反應堆），到 2030 年將超過 24,000 TU（130 個反應堆） . 隨著中國快速建設新反應堆，燃料後處理和乏燃料儲存的長期政策可能會實施，從而為所研究的市場增添動力。
• 印度截至 2021 年底的核電裝機容量為 688.5 萬千瓦，淨在建容量約為 420 萬千瓦。 印度對擴大國內核部門表現出極大興趣，以此作為滿足其迅速增長的電力需求、通過採用低碳能源減少排放以及開發鈾和釷儲量的一種手段。
• 因此，預計在預測期內，亞太地區的乏燃料和放射性廢物管理市場將出現顯著增長。

乏燃料和放射性廢物管理市場的競爭對手分析

由於技術複雜且從事該行業的公司數量較少，乏燃料和放射性廢物管理市場得到適度整合。 這個市場的主要參與者是 Fluor Corporation、Bechtel Group Inc.、Westinghouse Electric Company LLC、Perma-Fix Env□□ironmental Services Inc.、Veolia Environnement SA。

其他好處

• Excel 格式的市場預測 (ME) 表
• 三個月的分析師支持

內容

第一章介紹

• 調查範圍
• 市場定義
• 調查假設

第 2 章執行摘要

第三章研究方法論

第 4 章市場概述

• 簡介
• 到 2027 年的市場規模和需求預測（單位：億美元）
• 近期趨勢和發展
• 政府法規和政策
• 市場動態
  • 司機
  • 約束因素
• 波特的五力分析
  • 供應商的議價能力
  • 消費者的議價能力
  • 新進入者的威脅
  • 替代品的威脅
  • 競爭公司之間的敵對關係

第 5 章市場細分

• 類型
  • 低放廢物
  • 中放廢物
  • 高放廢物
• 來源
  • 核燃料循環
    • 核能發電反應堆
    • 放射性物質開採、破碎和提取活動
  • 研究、醫療和工業資源
  • 軍事和國防規劃
  • 其他來源
• 按地區
  • 北美
  • 歐洲
  • 亞太地區
  • 南美洲
  • 中東和非洲

第六章競爭格局

• 併購、合資、合作、協議
• 主要參與者採用的策略
• 公司簡介
  • Fluor Corporation
  • Westinghouse Electric Company LLC（Toshiba）
  • Bechtel Group Inc.
  • Augean PLC
  • Perma-Fix Environmental Services Inc.
  • Agence Nationale pour la gestion des dechets radioactifs（ANDRA）□
  • Veolia Environment SA
  • Studsvik AB
  • Enercon Services Inc.
  • EnergySolutions Inc.

第7章 市場機會未來動向

The spent fuel and nuclear waste management market is expected to record a CAGR of 1.5% during the forecast period, 2022-2027. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the market did not witness any major negative impact. The nuclear power plant has the ability to generate electricity with lower carbon emissions as compared to fossil fuels. Although the amount of waste generated by nuclear power is very small relative to other thermal electricity generation technologies, proper and safe management of nuclear waste is of utmost importance for the nuclear power plant operators. Factors such as increasing adoption of cleaner energy sources to meet carbon emission targets and nuclear plant life extensions due to supporting government policies are expected to drive the market. However, the high initial cost and a high payback period are likely to hinder the spent fuel and nuclear waste management market during the forecast period.

Key Highlights

• The low-level waste segment dominated the market in the past and is likely to dominate the market during the forecast period.
• Major countries in Middle East & Africa, accompanied by a few major companies, are investing in non-fossil fuel-based power generation technologies, especially in small nuclear reactors. Saudi Arabia plans to achieve 30-50% of local content for its nuclear program before 2030. Similarly, Jordan and a few more countries are in the initial phase of nuclear power plant construction, which is likely to provide an opportunity to grow the global spent fuel and nuclear waste management market in the coming future.
• Asia-Pacific is expected to witness significant growth in the global spent fuel and nuclear waste management market, owing to the presence of several major developing nations such as China and India.

Spent Fuel & Nuclear Waste Management Market Trends

Low-level Waste Expected to Dominate the Market

• Radioactive nuclear waste includes any material that is intrinsically radioactive or contaminated by radioactivity and deemed to have no further use. Low-level waste (LLW) generated from the nuclear fuel cycle has a radioactive content not exceeding 4 giga-becquerels per ton (GBq/t) of the alpha activity or 12 GBq/t beta-gamma activity. To reduce its volume, LLW is often compacted or incinerated before disposal. ​
• It does not require shielding during handling and transport, and it is suitable for disposal in near-surface facilities.​
• The market studied is dominated by LLW, which comprises 90% of the volume but only 1% of the radioactivity of all radioactive waste. Management practices for the disposal of LLW (adopted or under consideration) encompass three main options, such as near-surface disposal, disposal in caverns at intermediate depth, and disposal in deep geological formations.​
• As more than 90% of nuclear waste comes under the LLW category, more infrastructure is needed to store the radioactive waste properly and safely. Moreover, as nuclear power is getting popular due to clean and sustainable sources of energy, various countries are investing in nuclear power plants and related facilities, which is expected to drive the spent fuel and nuclear waste management market.
• Therefore, the long durability and a promising alternative for power generation in the form of nuclear-based power generation have been tremendously inflicting the demand for nuclear power plants globally.​
• Furthermore, various power plants are under construction across the Asia-Pacific region, owing to the advantage and reliability offered by nuclear-based power generation. This, in turn, is driving the demand for the spent fuel and nuclear waste market.​
• Therefore, owing to the above points, the low-level waste segment is expected to dominate the market during the forecast period.

Asia-Pacific Expected to Witness Significant Growth

• Asia-Pacific is expected to be the fastest-growing market during the forecast period. In contrast to North America and Europe, where growth in electricity generating capacity, particularly nuclear power, has been limited for many years. Several countries in Asia are planning and building new nuclear power reactors to meet their increasing demand for clean electricity. China, Japan, South Korea, and India are the major countries that are expected to drive the spent fuel and nuclear waste management market in Asia-Pacific during the forecast period. ​
• China uses the most advanced technology and the most stringent standards for the development of nuclear power, and it strictly manages the entire life cycle of nuclear facilities from siting, design, construction, and operation, to waste management. As of February 2022, China has 54 nuclear power reactors in operation, 14 under construction, and more about to start construction. The combined capacity of operating nuclear power reactors in 2021 was 50.71 Gwe, which generated around 375 TWh of electricity in the same year, representing 4.9% of the total electricity generation in the country. ​
• The country plans to expand its nuclear reactors fleet in the coming years. As of June 2020, China had around 12 reactors with a combined capacity of 12.24 GWe and more than 50 GWe under construction and planned phases. In April 2020, the director of the Nuclear Safety Inspection Department at the Ministry of Ecology and Environment stated that all the 15 unfinished reactor units had resumed construction, and reactors that were already in operation were not affected due to the COVID-19 outbreak. ​
• The Chinese nuclear sector is expected to continue to expand at robust rates, with capacity increasing by an annual average of 10.3% between 2018 and 2027, resulting in more than 95GW of installed nuclear capacity by the end of the next decade. This is in line with the ambitious aims of China to decarbonize its baseload generation and amass nuclear expertise to export. Hence, the volumes of waste are expected to be significantly greater than the existing waste from nuclear power plants, which may drive the market during the forecast period.​
• Furthermore, according to the World Nuclear Association, the demand for uranium in the country is expected to be over 11,000 TU (with 58 reactors operating) in 2020, about 18,500 TU (for 100 reactors) in 2025, and about 24,000 TU (for 130 reactors) in 2030. As China rapidly increases the number of new reactors, a long-term policy is expected to be in place for fuel reprocessing and spent fuel storage, providing an impetus to the market studied.
• India had 6.885 GW of installed nuclear capacity at the end of 2021 and around 4.2 GW of net capacity under construction. India has shown significant interest in expanding its domestic nuclear sector as a means to meet the rapidly growing demand for electricity, lower emissions through the adoption of low-carbon power sources, and capitalize on its indigenous reserves of uranium and thorium.​
• Therefore, owing to the above points, Asia-Pacific is expected to witness significant growth in the spent fuel and nuclear waste management market during the forecast period.

Spent Fuel & Nuclear Waste Management Market Competitor Analysis

The spent fuel and nuclear waste management market is moderately consolidated due to few companies operating in the industry because of the complex technology. The key players in this market include Fluor Corporation, Bechtel Group Inc., Westinghouse Electric Company LLC, Perma-Fix Environmental Services Inc., and Veolia Environnement SA​.

Additional Benefits:

• The market estimate (ME) sheet in Excel format
• 3 months of analyst support

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION

• 1.1 Scope of the Study
• 1.2 Market Definition
• 1.3 Study Assumptions

2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

4 MARKET OVERVIEW

• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Market Size and Demand Forecast, in USD billion,until 2027
• 4.3 Recent Trends and Developments
• 4.4 Government Policies and Regulations
• 4.5 Market Dynamics
  • 4.5.1 Drivers
  • 4.5.2 Restraints
• 4.6 Porter's Five Forces Analysis
  • 4.6.1 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
  • 4.6.2 Bargaining Power of Consumers
  • 4.6.3 Threat of New Entrants
  • 4.6.4 Threat of Substitutes Products and Services
  • 4.6.5 Intensity of Competitive Rivalry

5 MARKET SEGMENTATION

• 5.1 Type
  • 5.1.1 Low-level Waste
  • 5.1.2 Intermediate-level Waste
  • 5.1.3 High-level Waste
• 5.2 Source
  • 5.2.1 Nuclear Fuel Cycle
    • 5.2.1.1 Nuclear Power Reactors​
    • 5.2.1.2 Radioactive Mining, Milling, and Extracting Activities​
  • 5.2.2 Research, Medical, and Industrial Source​
  • 5.2.3 Military and Defense Programs
  • 5.2.4 Other Sources
• 5.3 Geography
  • 5.3.1 North America
  • 5.3.2 Europe
  • 5.3.3 Asia-Pacific
  • 5.3.4 South America
  • 5.3.5 Middle East & Africa

6 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

• 6.1 Mergers and Acquisitions, Joint Ventures, Collaborations, and Agreements
• 6.2 Strategies Adopted by Leading Players
• 6.3 Company Profiles
  • 6.3.1 Fluor Corporation
  • 6.3.2 Westinghouse Electric Company LLC (Toshiba)
  • 6.3.3 Bechtel Group Inc.
  • 6.3.4 Augean PLC
  • 6.3.5 Perma-Fix Environmental Services Inc.
  • 6.3.6 Agence Nationale pour la gestion des dechets radioactifs (ANDRA)​
  • 6.3.7 Veolia Environment SA
  • 6.3.8 Studsvik AB
  • 6.3.9 Enercon Services Inc.
  • 6.3.10 EnergySolutions Inc.

7 MARKET OPPORTUNITIES AND FUTURE TRENDS