酵素的全球市場 - 市場規模、市場區隔、預測、收益預測(2022年~2028年):各產品類型,各供給來源,各類型,各用途,各主要地區
市場調查報告書
商品編碼
1146501

酵素的全球市場 - 市場規模、市場區隔、預測、收益預測(2022年~2028年):各產品類型,各供給來源,各類型,各用途,各主要地區

Global Enzymes Market Size, Segments, Outlook, and Revenue Forecast 2022-2028 by Product Type, Source, Type, Applications, and Major Regions

出版日期: | 出版商: Ken Research Private Limited | 英文 | 商品交期: 請詢問到貨日

價格
簡介目錄

全球酵素的市場規模,預計從2022年對2028年的預測期間內,以6%以上的年複合成長率記錄正成長,到2028年達到約160億美元。促進市場成長的主要原因,各種產業上酵素的需求增加,酵素的製造相關技術的進步,心血管疾病的盛行率上升,老年人口增加,對各種疾病治療的酵素需求高漲等。

本報告提供全球酵素市場調查,市場概要,市場規模和預測,趨勢,促進因素、課題,各產品類型、各供給來源、各類型、各用途、各地區的分析,及競爭情形等資訊。

目錄

範圍

第1章 摘要整理

  • 全球酵素市場成長成果與預測的亮點
  • 市場趨勢,課題,競爭的亮點
  • 各市場區隔的市場收益佔有率的亮點

第2章 市場概要與影響成長的主要趨勢

  • 全球酵素市場分類
  • 產業的價值鏈
  • 全球酵素市場上主要企業的生態系統
  • 政府的法規與開發
  • 影響市場的主要推動因素與課題
  • COVID-19對全球酵素市場的影響
  • 全球酵素市場成長成果,各市場區隔類型,2017年~2021年
  • 全球酵素市場收益的成長成果與預測(2017年~2028年)
  • 主要觀點

第3章 全球市場區隔,各產品類型,成長成果,展望、預測

  • 市場定義 - 各產品類型市場區隔
  • 各產品類型的市場收益佔有率,成長成果,展望、預測(2017年~2028年)

第4章 全球市場區隔,各供給來源,成長成果,展望、預測

  • 市場定義 - 各供給來源市場區隔
  • 各供給來源的市場收益佔有率,成長成果,展望、預測(2017年~2028年)

第5章 全球市場區隔,各類型,成長成果,展望、預測

  • 市場定義 - 各類型市場區隔
  • 各類型的市場收益佔有率,成長成果,展望、預測(2017年~2028年)

第6章 全球市場區隔,各用途,成長成果,展望、預測

  • 市場定義 - 各用途市場區隔
  • 各用途的市場收益佔有率,成長成果,展望、預測(2017年~2028年)

第7章 產業/競爭分析 - 競爭情形

  • 企業(競爭)的類型和各類型的收益佔有率
  • 全球酵素市場競爭情形,波特的五力分析
  • 影響市場成長的全球酵素部門的主要的發展
  • 全球酵素市場上主要競爭企業的比較,2021年
  • 全球酵素市場上主要競爭企業的比較,各類型市場區隔範圍,2021年
  • 全球酵素市場上主要競爭企業的比較,各用途範圍,2021年
  • 全球酵素市場上主要競爭企業的比較,各終端用戶市場區隔範圍,2021年
  • 來自競爭情形的主要觀點

第8章 主要競爭企業的簡介(公司概要,策略性開發,產品提供)

  • BASF SE
  • Novozymes A/S
  • IFF
  • DSM
  • Codexis, Inc.
  • Merck KGaA
  • Chr. Hansen Holding A/S
  • Advanced Enzyme Technologies
  • AB Enzymes
  • F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd
  • Thermo Fisher Scientific
  • Creative Enzymes

第9章 地區分析、主要地區市場成長成果,展望、預測

  • 宏觀經濟要素的主要地區比較
  • 全球市場收益佔有率,成長成果,展望、預測,各地區(2017年~2028年)
  • 主要地區的市場分析,成長成果,展望與預測
  • 北美 - 酵素市場分析
  • 歐洲 - 酵素市場分析
  • 亞太地區 - 酵素市場分析
  • 南美、中東、非洲 - 酵素市場分析

第10章 產業專家的意見/展望

  • 市場現狀與未來展望相關產業專家和經營幹部的值得注意的聲明/引用

第11章 分析師的推薦事項

  • 識別的主要機會,及可從機會取得的策略相關分析師的推薦事項

第12章 附錄

簡介目錄
Product Code: KRBR24

Market Overview

Enzymes can be defined as protein molecules that are produced by all living organisms and act as biological catalysts. These help speed up the process of a chemical reaction. Enzymes help in improving the quality of the end products by playing a vital role in the fermentation process. Nowadays, these can be synthesized organically or chemically and are widely used in industrial and specialty processes.

According to Ken Research Analysis, the Global Enzymes Market is expected to record a positive CAGR of over 6% during the forecast period (2022-2028) and is expected to reach approximately US$ 16 billion by 2028, due to an increase in technological advancements for the manufacturing of enzymes along with the growing demand for enzymes in various industries including food and beverages, bioenergy, animal feed, pharmaceuticals, and others. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has benefited the enzymes industry due to a surge in nutritional and immunity-boosting products which has directly increased the demand for enzymes.

The growing demand for enzymes for the treatment of various diseases including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and others along with the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and increase in the geriatric population is expected to augment the growth of the market. In 2022, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), one person dies every 34 seconds from cardiovascular diseases in the U.S. It was reported that 697,000 people died from heart disease in the year 2020.

The rising research and development of enzymes for the production of biofuel are likely to create immense opportunities for the growth of the enzymes market in the forthcoming years. In August 2020, according to Technology Networks, researchers at the Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) genetically engineered low-cost enzyme cocktails from a fungus that helped break down the carbohydrates in biomass, like sugarcane (tops and leaves) and bagasse into fermentable sugar. The low-cost enzyme cocktails can be used efficiently to produce biofuels from sugarcane residues.

The lack of standard regulatory policies on enzymes is the most significant barrier to the growth of the enzymes industry globally. In March 2021, according to The European Parliament, there are over 250 technical enzymes which are produced from genetically-modified organisms and most of them are permitted in Europe. However, no relevant, independent, or well-founded studies have been done on their effects on health, which led to a lack of mandatory labeling of technical enzymes in the food processing industry.

During the initial period of COVID-19 pandemic, the disrupted supply chains have affected the production capacity, demand, and supply of the enzymes but post 2021 the demand for enzymes increased owing to rising health awareness among consumers which has boosted the demand for immunity-enhancing products. In August 2021, Advanced Enzymes Technologies entered the e-commerce space in India with its immune-supporting brands- ImmunoSEB and Biome Ultra, which comprised systematic enzymes and probiotics. These products help enhance immunity and are effective in reducing 'long Covid afflictions.

Scope of the Report

Enzymes can be referred to as proteins which help speed up the chemical reactions in our bodies and are crucial for liver function, digestion, and much more.

The enzyme market is segmented by product type, source, type, and applications. In addition, the report also covers market size and forecasts for the four region's enzymes market. The revenue used to size and forecast the market for each segment is US$ billion.

By Product Type

Industrial enzymes

Specialty enzymes

By Source

Microorganism

Plant

Animal

By Type

Carbohydrase

Proteases

Lipases

Polymerases & Nucleases

Other Enzymes

By Applications

Food & Beverages

Animal Feed

Cleaning Products

Biofuel

Research & Biotechnology

Diagnostic

Pharmaceuticals

Others

By Geography

North America

The U.S.

Canada

Mexico

Europe

Germany

The U.K.

France

Spain

Italy

Rest of Europe

Asia-Pacific

China

Japan

South Korea

India

Indonesia

Australia

Rest of Asia-Pacific

LAMEA

Latin America

The Middle East

Africa

Key Trends by Market Segment:

By Product Type: Industrial enzymes segment held the largest share of the global enzymes market in 2021, owing to the growing demand for enzymes for the manufacturing of various products including detergents, food and beverages, textile, biofuels, paper & pulp, and others. Moreover, the increase in the use of detergents in household and industrial applications has enabled manufacturers to launch new products in the market.

In September 2021, Novozymes A/S launched a phosphodiesterase enzyme named Pristine, a biodegradable and natural ingredient for detergent. This enzyme helps tackle the problem of malodor and discoloration. It breaks down the layer of body grime and releases odor and dirt. The launch aims to expand the company's product portfolio.

By Source: The microorganism segment accounts for the majority share of the global enzymes market in 2021, due to its low production cost as well as easy availability of the source. In addition, the microorganism-based enzymes can be cultivated in large quantities in a short period which gives an added advantage in the enzyme production process. The increase in research and development on the production of enzymes from microorganisms is expected to fuel the growth of the market.

According to the National Center for Biotechnology Information, the demand for enzymes is increasing rapidly in various industries including agriculture, food, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and others, and microbial enzymes have gained interest due to their catalytic activity, stability, and ease of production and optimization in comparison to other plant and animal enzymes.

By Type: The carbohydrase segment accounts for the majority share of the global enzymes market owing to the surge in the demand for carbohydrases such as cellulose and amylases in various industrial applications including textile, pulp & paper, food and beverages industry, and others. In addition, carbohydrase has great potential in improving feed energy which has increased its demand in the feed industry. The aforementioned factors are expected to propel the growth of the market.

A research study published in June 2021 shared that according to Elsevier B.V., supplementation of multi-carbohydrase in poultry diet can help improve nutrient digestibility, energy and protein utilization, and growth rates.

By Applications: Food and Beverages segment accounts for the largest share in 2021 of the global enzymes market owing to the growing demand for enzymes to modify the properties of food and beverage products including bread, juices, wine, beer, dairy products, and others. Enzymes are widely used in the formulation of fruit juices as it helps improve the quality by clarifying fruit juices and in the dairy industry to improve the taste, texture, and quality of dairy products.

The increasing demand for enzymes in the food and beverages industry has enabled manufacturers to cater to the rising demand by launching new and better products in the market.

In June 2021, IFF launched an all-in-one enzyme solution called Nurica, which helps dairy manufacturers to produce high-fiber, low sugar, and lactose-free dairy products. It harnesses the lactose to generate a high yield of prebiotic galactooligosaccharides (GOS) fibers naturally. The company aimed to offer an enzyme for the dairy industry which helps maintain the quality of the products while fulfilling the demand for lactose-free products of consumers.

By Geography: The North America region accounted for the largest share in 2021 of the global enzymes market owing to the presence of a large number of end-use industries including personal care & cosmetics, food and beverages, pharmaceutical, laundry detergent, and other industries. In addition, an increase in strategic initiatives such as partnerships by enzyme manufacturers to grow the enzyme business is expected to fuel the growth of the market.

In June 2022, Enzyme Innovation partnered with Sumitomo Chemical America to sell their line of animal feed enzymes and probiotics in the U.S. The partnership aimed to offer its product line to livestock and poultry producers in the U.S.

Competitive Landscape

The enzymes market is highly competitive with ~150 players that include globally diversified players, regional players as well as a large number of country-niche players having their niche in enzymes.

Large global players control over 40% of the market, while regional players hold the second largest share. Some of the major players in the market include BASF SE, Novozymes A/S, IFF, DSM, Codexis, Inc., Merck KGaA, Chr. Hansen Holding A/S, Advanced Enzyme Technologies, AB Enzymes, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Creative Enzymes, and among others.

The leading global enzymes companies such as Novozymes A/S, IFF, and F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, are highly focused on providing a broad category of enzymes suitable for various end-use industries.

Recent Developments Related to Major Players

In July 2022, Codexis, Inc., an enzyme engineering company, announced an agreement with Pfizer for the supply of an enzyme called PAXLOVID, an active pharmaceutical ingredient, authorized for emergency use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). It is used for the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in patients who are at high risk of developing severe illness.

In January 2022, BASF SE expanded the production capacity for its feed enzyme plant in Germany. The larger production capacity enabled the company to increase the annual number of feasible fermentation runs and fulfill the growing demand for high-quality enzymes.

In July 2021, Unilever partnered with Arzeda, a protein design company to harness its digital biology technique to design and discover new enzymes for the cleaning and laundry industry. The partnership aimed to enhance the company's product portfolio.

Conclusion

The Global enzymes market is forecasted to continue a significant growth that is witnessed since 2020, during the forecast period also, primarily driven by rising demand for the growing use of enzymes in various industries including food and beverages, animal feed, pharmaceuticals, diagnostics, and others. Moreover, technological advancement in the production process and increased awareness regarding environmental issues are expected to escalate the growth of the market. Though the market is highly competitive with about 150 participants, few global players control the dominant share and regional players also hold a significant share.

Note: This is an upcoming/planned report, so the figures quoted here for a market size estimate, forecast, growth, segment share, and competitive landscape are based on initial findings and might vary slightly in the actual report. Also, any required customizations can be covered to the best feasible extent for Pre-booking clients and the report delivered within a maximum of 2 working weeks.

Key Topics Covered in the Report

Snapshot of Global Enzymes Market

Industry Value Chain and Ecosystem Analysis of Enzymes Market

Market size and Segmentation of Global Enzymes Market

Historic Growth of Overall Global Enzymes Market and Segments

Competition Scenario of the Enzymes Market and Key Developments of Competitors

Porter's 5 Forces Analysis of Global Enzymes Industry

Overview, Product Offerings, and Strategic Developments of Key Competitors

COVID-19 Impact on the Overall Global Enzymes Market

Future Market Forecast and Growth Rates of the Global Enzymes Market and by Segments

Market Size of Application/End-Users Segments with Historical CAGR and Future Forecasts

Analysis of Enzymes Market in Major Regions

Major Production / Consumption Hubs in the Major Regions

Major Production/Supply and Consumption/Demand Hubs in Each Region

Major Country-wise Historic and Future Market Growth Rates of the Total Enzymes Market and Segments

Overview of Notable Emerging Competitor Companies within Each Major Country

Major Companies Profiled in the Report

BASF SE

Novozymes A/S

IFF

DSM

Codexis, Inc.

Merck KGaA

Chr. Hansen Holding A/S

Advanced Enzyme Technologies

AB Enzymes

F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd

Thermo Fisher Scientific

Creative Enzymes

Notable Emerging Companies Mentioned in the Report

Associated British Foods Plc

BBI Enzymes Ltd.

Dyadic International

CapriEnzymes

Aumgene Biosciences

Amano Enzymes

Enzyme Solutions

Biocatalysts Ltd

Enzymatic Deinking Technologies

Novus International

Key Target Audience - Organizations and Entities Who Can Benefit by Subscribing This Report

Enzymes Manufacturers

Food and Beverages Manufacturers

Pharmaceutical Companies

Biotechnology Association

Biotechnology Companies

Diagnostic Companies

Biofuel Producers

Animal Feed Manufacturers

Detergent Manufacturers

Cleaning Products Companies

Cosmetics Manufacturers

Agriculture Companies

Bakery Producers

Suppliers to Enzyme Manufacturers

Food Regulatory Authorities

Government Ministries of Food

Government Ministries of Health

Food Research Institutes

Specialty Chemicals Manufacturers

Period Captured in the Report

Historical Period: 2017-2021

Forecast Period: 2022-2028F

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the Study Period of this Market Report?

The Global Enzymes Market is covered from 2017 - 2028 in this report, which includes a forecast for the period 2022-2028.

What is the Future Growth Rate of the Global Enzymes Market?

The Global Enzymes Market is expected to witness a CAGR of over 6% for the next 7 years.

What are the Key Factors Driving the Global Enzymes Market?

Increasing demand for enzymes in various industries including food and beverages, animal feed, pharmaceuticals, cleaning products, and others along with advancements in technologies in the manufacturing of enzymes are expected to propel the growth of the market.

Which is the Largest Product Type Segment within the Global Enzymes Market?

Industrial enzymes held the largest share of the Global Enzymes Market.

Who are the Key Players in Global Enzymes Market?

BASF SE, Novozymes A/S, IFF, DSM, Codexis, Inc., Merck KGaA, Chr. Hansen Holding A/S, Advanced Enzyme Technologies, AB Enzymes, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Thermo Fisher Scientific, and Creative Enzymes, are the major companies operating in Global Enzymes Market.

Table Of Contents

Scope:

1. Executive Summary

  • 1.1 Highlights of Global Enzymes Market Historic Growth & Forecast
  • 1.2 Highlights of Market Trends, Challenges, and Competition
  • 1.3 Highlights of Market Revenue Share by Segments

2. Market Overview and Key Trends Impacting Growth

  • 2.1 Global Enzymes Market Taxonomy
  • 2.2 Industry Value Chain
  • 2.3 The Ecosystem of Major Entities in the Global Enzymes Market
  • 2.4 Government Regulations & Developments
  • 2.5 Key Growth Drivers & Challenges Impacting the Market
  • 2.6 COVID-19 Impact on Global Enzymes Market
  • 2.7 Total Global Enzymes Market Historic Growth by Segment Type, 2017-2021

2.7.1 By Product Type

2.7.2 By Source

2.7.3 By Type

2.7.4 By Applications

2.7.5 By Major Regions

  • 2.8 Total Global Enzymes Market Revenue Historic Growth and Forecast, 2017-2028
  • 2.9 Key Takeaways

3. Total Global- Market Segmentation by Product Type, Historic Growth, Outlook & Forecasts

  • 3.1 Market Definition - Segmentation by Product Type
  • 3.2 Market Revenue Share, Historic Growth, Outlook, and Forecasts by Product Type, 2017-2028

3.2.1 Industrial enzymes

3.2.2 Specialty enzymes

3.2.3 Key Takeaways from Market Segmentation by Product Type

4. Total Global- Market Segmentation by Source, Historic Growth, Outlook & Forecasts

  • 4.1 Market Definition - Segmentation by Source
  • 4.2 Market Revenue Share, Historic Growth, Outlook, and Forecasts by Source, 2017-2028

4.2.1 Microorganism

4.2.2 Plant

4.2.3 Animal

4.2.4 Key Takeaways from Market Segmentation by Source

5. Total Global- Market Segmentation by Type, Historic Growth, Outlook & Forecasts

  • 5.1 Market Definition - Segmentation by Type
  • 5.2 Market Revenue Share, Historic Growth, Outlook, and Forecasts by Type, 2017-2028

5.2.1 Carbohydrase

5.2.2 Proteases

5.2.3 Lipases

5.2.4 Polymerases & Nucleases

5.2.5 Other Enzymes

5.2.6 Key Takeaways from Market Segmentation by Type

6. Total Global- Market Segmentation by Applications, Historic Growth, Outlook & Forecasts

  • 6.1 Market Definition - Segmentation by Applications
  • 6.2 Market Revenue Share, Historic Growth, Outlook, and Forecasts by Applications, 2017-2028

6.2.1 Food & Beverages

6.2.2 Animal Feed

6.2.3 Cleaning Products

6.2.4 Biofuel

6.2.5 Research & Biotechnology

6.2.6 Diagnostic

6.2.7 Pharmaceuticals

6.2.8 Others

6.2.9 Key Takeaways from Market Segmentation by Applications

7. Industry / Competition Analysis - Competitive Landscape

  • 7.1 Types of Players (Competitors) & Revenue Share by Type
  • 7.2 Porter's 5 Forces Analysis of Global Enzymes Competitors
  • 7.3 Key Developments in the Global Enzymes Sector Impacting Market Growth
  • 7.4 Comparison of Leading Competitors within Global Enzymes Market, 2021
  • 7.5 Comparison of Leading Competitors within Global Enzymes Market by Coverage of Type Segments, 2021
  • 7.6 Comparison of Leading Competitors within Global Enzymes Market by Coverage of Application, 2021
  • 7.7 Comparison of Leading Competitors within Global Enzymes Market by Coverage of End-Users Segment, 2021
  • 7.8 Key Takeaways from Competitive Landscape

8. Key Competitor Profiles (Company Overview, Strategic Developments, Product Offerings)

  • 8.1 BASF SE
  • 8.2 Novozymes A/S
  • 8.3 IFF
  • 8.4 DSM
  • 8.5 Codexis, Inc.
  • 8.6 Merck KGaA
  • 8.7 Chr. Hansen Holding A/S
  • 8.8 Advanced Enzyme Technologies
  • 8.9 AB Enzymes
  • 8.10 F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd
  • 8.11 Thermo Fisher Scientific
  • 8.12 Creative Enzymes

9. Geographic Analysis & Major Region Market Historic Growth, Outlook, and Forecasts

  • 9.1 Major Region Comparison of Macroeconomic Factors
  • 9.2 Total Global- Market Revenue Share, Historic Growth, Outlook and Forecasts by Geography, 2017-2028
  • 9.3 Major Region Market Analysis, Historic Growth, Outlook & Forecasts
  • 9.4 North America - Enzymes Market Analysis

9.4.1 Major Production and Consumption Hubs in North America

9.4.2 Notable Emerging Enzymes Companies in North America

9.4.3 Market Revenue Share, Historic Growth, Outlook and Forecasts by Product Type, 2017-2028

9.4.4 Market Revenue Share, Historic Growth, Outlook and Forecasts by Source, 2017-2028

9.4.5 Market Revenue Share, Historic Growth, Outlook, and Forecasts by Type, 2017-2028

9.4.6 Market Revenue Share, Historic Growth, Outlook, and Forecasts by Applications, 2017-2028

9.4.7 Market Revenue Share, Historic Growth, Outlook, and Forecasts by Major Countries, 2017-2028

USA

Canada

Mexico

  • 9.5 Europe - Enzymes Market Analysis

9.5.1 Major Production and Consumption Hubs in Europe

9.5.2 Notable Emerging Enzymes Companies in Europe

9.5.3 Market Revenue Share, Historic Growth, Outlook and Forecasts by Product Type, 2017-2028

9.5.4 Market Revenue Share, Historic Growth, Outlook and Forecasts by Source, 2017-2028

9.5.5 Market Revenue Share, Historic Growth, Outlook, and Forecasts by Type, 2017-2028

9.5.6 Market Revenue Share, Historic Growth, Outlook, and Forecasts by Applications, 2017-2028

9.5.7 Market Revenue Share, Historic Growth, Outlook, and Forecasts by Major Countries, 2017-2028

Germany

U.K.

France

Spain

Italy

Rest of Europe

  • 9.6 Asia-Pacific - Enzymes Market Analysis

9.6.1 Major Production and Consumption Hubs in Asia-Pacific

9.6.2 Notable Emerging Enzymes Companies in Asia-Pacific

9.6.3 Market Revenue Share, Historic Growth, Outlook and Forecasts by Product Type, 2017-2028

9.6.4 Market Revenue Share, Historic Growth, Outlook and Forecasts by Source, 2017-2028

9.6.5 Market Revenue Share, Historic Growth, Outlook, and Forecasts by Type, 2017-2028

9.6.6 Market Revenue Share, Historic Growth, Outlook, and Forecasts by Applications, 2017-2028

9.6.7 Market Revenue Share, Historic Growth, Outlook, and Forecasts by Major Countries, 2017-2028

China

Japan

South Korea

India

Indonesia

Australia

Rest of Asia-Pacific

  • 9.7 LAMEA - Enzymes Market Analysis

9.7.1 Major Production and Consumption Hubs in LAMEA

9.7.2 Notable Emerging Enzymes Companies in LAMEA

9.7.3 Market Revenue Share, Historic Growth, Outlook and Forecasts by Product Type, 2017-2028

9.7.4 Market Revenue Share, Historic Growth, Outlook and Forecasts by Source, 2017-2028

9.7.5 Market Revenue Share, Historic Growth, Outlook, and Forecasts by Type, 2017-2028

9.7.6 Market Revenue Share, Historic Growth, Outlook, and Forecasts by Applications, 2017-2028

9.7.7 Market Revenue Share, Historic Growth, Outlook, and Forecasts by Major Regions, 2017-2028

Latin America

Middle East

Africa

10. Industry Expert's Opinions/Perspectives

  • 10.1 Notable Statements/Quotes from Industry Experts and C-Level Executives on Current Status and Future Outlook of the Market

11. Analyst Recommendation

  • 10.1 Analyst Recommendations on Identified Major Opportunities and Potential Strategies to Gain from Opportunities

12. Appendix

  • 12.1 Research Methodology - Market Size Estimation, Forecast, and Sanity Check Approach
  • 12.2 Sample Discussion Guide
  • 12.3 Disclaimer