推動二氧化碳捕獲、利用、封存 (CCUS) 發展的新興技術

碳捕獲與利用技術的導入滿足了脫碳需求，同時也為各產業帶來額外經濟利益。

本報告研究實現二氧化碳捕獲、利用、封存 (CCUS) 的各種新興技術趨勢，彙整CCUS概要、碳捕獲與利用技術分類、CO2到各種產品的轉化技術創新相關分析。

第1章 摘要整理

第2章 CCUS：概述

• 減少CO2排放的需求
• CO2來源及所涉過程在捕獲技術選擇中扮演重要角色
• 基於吸收的捕獲：最常採用的CO2捕獲技術
• CCS：大規模減排潛力
• CCU：實現減排並提供新收入流

第3章 碳捕獲與利用技術分類

• CO2的直接利用與產品轉換
• CCU：實現減排並提供新收入流
• 研究活動增加：所捕獲的CO2於化學、燃料、塑膠、建材的轉換

第4章 CCU創新環境：CO2到化學產品

• 將所捕獲的碳轉化為乙醇及相關化學產品：初創企業的積極行動
• 研究活動增加：所捕獲的CO於草酸、甲酸的生產

第5章 CCU創新環境：CO2到燃料

• 商業化CO2到化學產品的轉變
• 開發中與示範階段的新轉化技術
• 將所捕獲的CO2轉化為合成氣：獲得研發關注

第6章 CCU創新環境：CO2到塑膠/塑膠替代品

• 商業化CO2到塑膠技術的轉變
• 開發中與示範階段的新轉化技術

第7章 CCU創新環境：CO2到建材

• 礦化：最常採用的CO2利用途徑

第8章 所捕獲的CO2之純度與壓力：對利用潛力的影響

• 所捕獲的CO2之純度與壓力：影響CCU實施的可行性
• 氧氣燃燒與氫氣製造煙道氣：CO2含量非常高
• 藻類養殖與礦物碳酸化：具靈活的CO2純度與壓力需求
• 近年研究：於大氣壓下使用純CO2之CCU的實現
• 礦物碳酸化與生物轉化：在無CO2純化與加壓下使用煙道氣之CCU的實現

第9章 策略見解

第10章 產業聯絡資訊

Adoption of Carbon Capture and Utilization Technologies Address De-carbonisation Needs While Providing Additional Economic Benefits to Industries

The amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) generated and emitted into the atmosphere continues to rise as a direct result of a series of complex interactions including population growth, improved standards of living, and expanding economies, and this is clearly demonstrated by both the increasing absolute level and the annual rate of increase in atmospheric Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technologies can aid in realizing continued low-carbon utilization of fossil fuels on a large scale. It also facilitates the optimization of energy consumption structure and ensuring energy security while reducing CO2 emissions. While carbon capture and storage (CCS) had significant attraction in the last decade, the economic and regulatory roadblocks have impacted their adoption potential. The CCS projects are currently being deployed at a very sluggish pace and hence, global nations cannot rely on solely CCS technologies to meet climate change and sustainable development goals related to CO2 emissions. Frost & Sullivan research reveals that, with every nation facing an urgent climate challenge, serious consideration must be given to alternative technologies such as carbon capture and utilization (CCU).

The regulatory scenario and the development of cost-effective technologies have also proven favorable to CCU applications in comparison to CCS. The possible utilization routes includes the use of captured carbon for applications such as chemicals, fuel, plastics/plastic alternatives, building materials and others. This research study provides an overview of the recent technological developments and breakthrough innovations enabling carbon capture and an emphasized focus on the effective conversion of CO2 into a range of end products.

Table of Contents

1.0. Executive Summary

• 1.1. Research Scope
• 1.2. Research Process and Methodology

2.0. Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage - An Overview

• 2.1. Need for CO2 Emissions Reduction
• 2.2. Source of CO2 and the Processes Involved Play a Vital Role in the Selection of Capture Technology
• 2.3. Absorption-based Capture is the Most Adopted CO2 Capture Technique
• 2.4. CCS Offers Large-Scale Emission Reduction Potential
• 2.5. CCU Enables Emission Reduction Along with the Provision of Additional Revenue Streams

3.0. Classification of Carbon Capture and Utilization Technologies

• 3.1. Both Direct Utilization and Conversion of CO2 into Products are Gaining Attention
• 3.2. CCU Enables Emission Reduction Along with the Provision of Additional Revenue Streams
• 3.3. Increased Research Activity is Witnessed on the Use of Captured CO2 for Chemical, Fuel, Plastics, and Building Material Conversion

4.0. CCU Innovation Landscape - CO2 to Chemicals

• 4.1. Conversion of Captured Carbon to Ethanol and Related Chemicals is Being Actively Pursued by Startups
• 4.2. Increased Research Activity is Witnessed on the Use of Captured CO2 for the Production of Oxalic and Formic Acid

5.0. CCU Innovation Landscape - CO2 to Fuel

• 5.1. Commercialized CO2 to Chemicals Technology
• 5.2. Novel CO2 to Chemicals Technology in Developmental and Demonstration Stages
• 5.3. Captured CO2 to Syngas is Gaining R&D Interest

6.0. CCU Innovation Landscape - CO2 to Plastics/Plastic Alternatives

• 6.1. Commercialized CO2 to Plastics Technology
• 6.2. Novel CO2 to Plastics Technology in Developmental and Demonstration Stages

7.0. CCU Innovation Landscape - CO2 to Building Materials

• 7.1. Mineralization is The Most Adopted CO2 Utilization Route

8.0. Impact of Purity and Pressure of Captured CO2 on its Utilization Potential

• 8.1. Purity and Pressure of Captured CO2 Impacts the Feasibility of CCU Implementation
• 8.2. Oxy-combustion and Hydrogen Production Flue Gas Have Very High CO2 Content
• 8.3. Algae Cultivation and Mineral Carbonation Have Flexible CO2 Purity and Pressure Requirements
• 8.4. Recent Research Investigations Enable CCU that Uses Pure CO2 Under Atmospheric Pressure Levels
• 8.5. Mineral Carbonation and Biological Conversion Enable CCU by using Flue Gas Without CO2 Purification and Pressurization

9.0. Strategic Insights

• 9.1. Strategic Insights and Conclusions

10.0. Key Contacts

• 10.1. Industry Contacts

• Legal Disclaimer