市場調查報告書
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1179854
2022-2029 年綠色氫全球市場Global Green Hydrogen Market - 2022-2029 |
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在預測期內(2022-2029 年),全球綠色氫市場預計將以 20.9% 的複合年增長率增長,實現顯著增長。
電解使用電流將水中的氫氣與氧氣分離,是生產綠色氫氣的眾多技術之一。沼氣還可以通過氫分離、水煤氣變換反應和沼氣重整等多步過程轉化為綠色氫作為可持續資源。綠色氫氣具有顯著減少溫室氣體排放的潛力,因為它具有普遍性、輕質性和高反應性。它還可以通過在鋼鐵和化工等行業以及航運和運輸等行業中用作燃料和原材料來促進脫碳。綠氫還可以替代化石燃料發電和儲存可再生能源。燃氣輪機還可以使用綠色氫和氨來控制電力需求和供應的波動。
綠色氫在交通行業的使用越來越多,是全球綠色氫市場的主要推動力。然而,與製造工藝、運輸和儲存相關的限制可能是市場的主要製約因素。
綠色氫氣因其眾多的環境效益而被廣泛應用於交通運輸行業,例如減少城市地區的空氣污染和減少大氣中的二氧化碳排放。交通運輸業造成近 25% 的溫室氣體排放和城市空氣污染。綠色氫能在交通領域替代化石燃料,有望成為高能效脫碳系統的一種途徑。
世界正準備改變其工作方式以實現淨零排放目標。在交通領域,直接在燃料電池和內燃機中使用氫的車輛的開發正在取得進展。氫動力叉車已經問世,並正在歐洲、亞洲和北美的一些行業中使用。
特別是在亞太地區、北美和歐洲,由於配備燃料電池的電動汽車和公共汽車的普及,對綠色氫的需求正在迅速增加。為了供應氫燃料電池汽車,到 2030 年,歐盟 (EU) 將擁有約 5,000 個加氫站,總容量約為 2,615,000 噸綠色氫。
自 2017 年以來,美國每年在氫燃料基礎設施和開發方面投入 1.5 億美元。此外,歐洲和亞洲政府每年投資超過 20 億美元用於氫燃料生產。
中國已承諾到 2023 年將在氫動力交通領域投資超過 2170 億美元。印度科技部高級顧問表示,向綠色氫能和電動汽車過渡對於印度到 2070 年實現碳中和至關重要。交通是實現這一目標的一個領域。
使製造過程在經濟上和商業上可行是最困難的挑戰。包括印度在內的許多國家已經宣布了國家氫計劃,但這種燃料將如何大規模商業化仍有待確定,因為電解等許多製造工藝仍處於測試階段。
此外,平均而言,最初生產綠色氫比灰色氫更昂貴。缺乏存儲和運輸基礎設施使這一挑戰更加困難。由於建造工廠的固定成本只有一半,綠色氫的運輸仍然是一個財務和安全問題。管理層必須處理戰略交通規劃範圍內兩種不同類型的不確定性。首先,歷史數據的匱乏導致無法自信地預測模型的許多參數值。
此外,由於此類網絡設計挑戰的複雜性,管理者和決策者無法指定特定的模型約束。儘管綠色氫供應鏈中的約束靈活性具有相關性,但尚無研究人員研究它們如何影響模型製定。這種不確定性會極大地影響結果的可靠性,顯著影響運輸網絡的響應能力,並增加客戶對需求的反感。
對綠色氫氣的需求源於全球氫動力燃料電池汽車的投放和銷售量的快速增長。例如,2020 年 6 月 12 日氫燃料電池汽車,H2X Australia 計劃推出和生產各種氫燃料電池汽車 (FCEV),從搬運車到拖拉機和汽車等重型車輛。由於金屬、玻璃和製藥等多個製造業擁有充足的氫燃料供應,目前對綠色氫氣的需求穩定。
由於新型氫動力汽車的推出和加氫站需求的激增,對氫作為燃料的需求正在增加。例如,2020年11月27日,澳大利亞電力公司Origin Energy計劃在澳大利亞安裝約300MW的氫電解槽和雙電池,以加速制氫。隨著多家領先企業投資與氫相關的項目,預計需求將增加。制定直接激勵氫技術投資政策的國家數量正在增加,目標行業的數量也在增加。目前有大約 50 個直接支持氫能的目標、任務和政策激勵措施,其中大部分側重於運輸。
例如,2020 年 10 月 23 日,澳大利亞堪培拉政府授予亞洲可再生能源中心 (AREH) 一項價值 360 億美元的項目,以快速推進大型氫能和可再生能源項目。因此,亞太地區對氫電解槽的需求目前正在穩定,主要公司和政府部門對氫技術的大型投資和項目激增。在 COVID-19 流行期間,由於氫氣需求不足,綠色氫氣的價格結構略有下降。澳大利亞政府計劃通過大力投資氫相關技術的基礎設施來降低氫生產的總體成本。截至 2019 年,使用 Enapter 的氫電解槽生產氫氣的成本低於 7.6 美元,該公司的目標是從 2020 年到 2030 年將成本降低約 1.60 美元/公斤。
政府對氫技術的支持和承諾也可能會降低制氫成本。
The Global Green Hydrogen Market reached US$ XX million in 2021 and is expected to record significant growth by reaching up to US$ XX million by 2029, growing at a CAGR of 20.9% during the forecast period (2022-2029).
Electrolysis, which divides hydrogen from oxygen in water using an electrical current, is one of many technologies that create green hydrogen. In addition, biogas can be converted into green hydrogen as a sustainable resource by using a multistep process that includes hydrogen separation, water-gas-shift reaction and biogas reforming. Green hydrogen is universal, light, highly reactive and has the potential to significantly lower greenhouse gas emissions. Green hydrogen may also aid in decarbonizing industries like steel and chemicals and businesses like shipping and transportation, where it may be used as a fuel and raw material. Green hydrogen could also generate electricity instead of fossil fuels and store renewable energy. Gas turbines could also use green hydrogen and ammonia to control power demand and supply variations.
The Increasing usage of green hydrogen in the transportation industry is a major global green hydrogen market driver. However, The limitations associated with manufacturing processes, transportation and storage could be a major market restraint.
Due to its numerous environmental advantages, such as reducing air pollution in urban areas and overall carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere, green hydrogen is widely used in transportation. The transportation industry is responsible for almost 25% of greenhouse gas emissions and urban air pollution. Green hydrogen, which can replace fossil fuels in the mobility sector, is a promising approach to an energy-efficient and decarbonized system.
The world is getting ready to change how it moves toward net zero-emission goals. The transportation sector is developing vehicles that use hydrogen directly in fuel cells or internal combustion engines. Forklifts powered by hydrogen have already been created and used in a few industries throughout Europe, Asia and North America.
The demand for green hydrogen is soaring due to the popularity of fuel cell-based electric cars and buses, particularly in APAC, North America and Europe. To supply hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, the European Union (EU) would have about 5,000 hydrogen fueling stations with a combined capacity of roughly 2,615,000 Tons of green hydrogen by 2030.
Since 2017, U.S. has invested US$ 150 Million annually in the infrastructure and development of hydrogen fuel. Additionally, more than US$ 2 Billion is annually invested in hydrogen fuel production by governments in Europe and Asia.
China has pledged to invest over US$ 217 Billion in hydrogen-powered transportation through 2023. The transition to green hydrogen and electric vehicles will be crucial for India to achieve carbon neutrality by 2070, according to a senior advisor with the Indian Department of Science and Technology. Transportation is one of the areas where this will be the case.
Making the manufacturing process economically and commercially viable is the most challenging aspect of the process. Although many countries, including India, have announced national hydrogen programs, they have not yet decided how the fuel will be commercialized on a large scale because many production processes, like electrolysis, are still in the pilot stage.
Additionally, it is more expensive to produce green hydrogen initially than grey hydrogen on average. The challenge is made more difficult by the lack of infrastructure for storage and transportation. The fixed cost of building the plant is only half the battle; there are still financial and security issues with transporting green hydrogen. Management must deal with two different types of uncertainties in the strategic transportation planning horizon. First and foremost, it was impossible to confidently predict the value of the model's numerous parameters due to the dearth of historical data.
Furthermore, management and decision-makers cannot specify the specific restrictions of the models due to the complexity of such network design challenges. Despite the flexibility of the restrictions in green hydrogen supply chains being relevant, no researchers have yet examined how they might affect model formulation. Such uncertainties could significantly affect the dependability of the results, have the potential to significantly affect the responsiveness of the transportation network and increase client demand resentment.
The demand for green hydrogen gas is driven by the surge in launching and selling hydrogen-based fuel cell vehicles globally. For instance, the hydrogen fuel cell vehicles on 12th June 2020, H2X Australia launched and planned to produce a wide range of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCEVs), including movers to heavy-duty vehicles such as tractors and cars, among others. Currently, the green hydrogen gas demand is stable as several manufacturing industries related to metal, glass and pharmaceuticals, among others, have a sufficient supply of hydrogen as fuel
The demand for hydrogen as a fuel is increasing due to the launching of new hydrogen-based vehicles with a surge in demand for hydrogen fuel stations. For instance, on 27th Nov 2020, origin Energy, an Australian power provider, planned to accelerate hydrogen production by installing around 300 MW of hydrogen electrolyzers and bi batteries in Australia. Thus demand is set to increase as several leading players invest in the hydrogen-related project. The number of countries with policies that directly encourage investment in hydrogen technologies is growing, as is the number of industries targeted. Today, approximately 50 targets, mandates and policy incentives are in place that directly supports hydrogen, with the majority focusing on transportation.
For instance, on 23rd October 2020, Canberra Australian government awarded a US$ 36 billion project to Asian Renewable Energy Hub (AREH) to fast-track mega hydrogen and renewable energy projects. Thus currently, the demand for the hydrogen electrolyzer in Asia-Pacific remained stable with the surge in the mega investments and projects for hydrogen technologies by the leading players and government authorities. The pricing structure of green hydrogen gas amid the COVID-19 pandemic slightly declined due to a lack of demand for hydrogen. The government of Australia is planning to reduce the total cost of hydrogen production by allocating huge investments for infrastructure development of hydrogen-related technologies. The hydrogen production cost with the hydrogen electrolyzer is less than US$ 7.6 as per the Enapter company hydrogen electrolyzer as of 2019 and the company aims to reduce the cost between 2020 and 2030 by around US$ 1.60 per Kg.
Also, government support and initiatives for hydrogen technologies may decline the cost of hydrogen production. For instance, the government of Australia launched National Hydrogen Strategy in 2019, which aims to reduce the hydrogen production cost from under US$ 1.48 which is under A$ 2 per kg.
The global green hydrogen market is classified based on technology, renewable sources, application, end-user and region.
Increasing launching of advanced technology offering cost-effectiveness with compact-size alkaline platforms that provide customized indoor hydrogen solutions for any application, with the required configuration and size
The alkaline electrolyzer uses potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide solutions as an electrolyte for hydrogen production. The alkaline electrolyzer consists of the two electrodes inserted in the electrolyte solutions in which chemical reactions occur after a sufficient voltage is supplied. The response separates water molecules into OH- ions and an H2 molecule at the anode and cathode, respectively.
The demand for the alkaline electrolyzer is driven by the increasing launching of advanced technology offering cost-effectiveness with compact-size alkaline platforms that provide customized indoor hydrogen solutions for any application, with the required configuration and size. For instance, on July 11, 2019, Nel ASA launched an A1000 alkaline hydrogen electrolyzer. It is a medium-scale electrolyzer with a capacity of around 2 Tons/day of hydrogen production. The alkaline A1000 hydrogen electrolyzer is built for industry-leading A-Range atmospheric alkaline platforms. The size ranges from 600 to 970 Nm3/hr with the flexibility to scale per customer demand.
Further increasing government initiatives, support and funding for developing hydrogen production electrolyzers and a surge in development projects have propelled the alkaline electrolyzer market. For instance, on April 17, 2020, the Asahi Kasei electrolysis system started the world's largest 10 MW alkaline hydrogen electrolyzer to supply hydrogen in Japan's Ashima hydrogen energy research field. The system was installed at Namie, Futaba, Fukushima hydrogen energy research field as a technological development project of Nado Japan's new energy industrial technology development organization. The alkaline hydrogen electrolyzer can produce 1200 Nm3 per hour of hydrogen.
In addition, the alkaline hydrogen electrolyzer in developing countries is increasing due to the lack of fossil fuels and rising government investment in renewable energy projects to minimize the import of fossil fuels such as oil and coal, among others. For instance, in 2016, the Japanese imports of fossil fuels, such as oil, coal and liquefied natural gases, increased by around 89%, making Japan the world's third-largest importer of coal. It created a massive demand for this region's hydrogen alkaline electrolyzer market.
Further, leading manufacturers launching and developing hydrogen electrolyzers, coupled with government support and funding, have created a massive demand for the Alkaline electrolyzer market's growth globally.
For instance, in July 2021, Hyundai Motor Company and Kia Corporation strengthened their efforts to usher in a global hydrogen society through affordable clean hydrogen production by signing a memorandum of understanding with Next Hydrogen Corporation, a Canadian business specializing in water electrolysis technology subsidiary of Next Hydrogen Solutions Inc. According to the agreement, the businesses will work together to create an alkaline water electrolysis system1 and its associated stack to generate green hydrogen economically and investigate the new business and technological potential.
In December 2021, ABB signed an order with HydrogenPro, a Norway-based hydrogen plant company, to provide electrical equipment for the world's largest single-stack high-pressure alkaline electrolyzer. The system generates hydrogen by using electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. When fully operational in 2022, the system will be able to produce 1,100 normal cubic meters of green hydrogen per hour (Nm3/h) at a specially constructed test site in Herya, Norway.
U.S. produces about 11.4 Million Tons of hydrogen annually, primarily for fertilizer and chemical products and the refining of fossil fuels. U.S. Gulf Coast region has the infrastructure needed to handle this production. However, most of it is "grey hydrogen," produced in plants using a method that releases carbon dioxide from natural gas. To dramatically reduce the CO2 emissions, which would then produce what is known as blue hydrogen, some fossil fuel and manufacturing gas companies have suggested installing carbon capture and storage systems in these plants. However, proponents of clean energy and climate change worry that the blue hydrogen route could extend the use of natural gas, which, when released into the atmosphere, is a powerful greenhouse gas.
A zero-carbon substitute would be green hydrogen, produced using renewable electricity to power electrolyzers that split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. In challenging-to-decarbonize industries like steel and cement, shipping and aviation, it might take the place of fossil fuels. The North America green hydrogen market has witnessed enormous growth since 2019 and is expected to propel exponentially due to government and private investments, growing awareness and green hydrogen's eco-friendly nature. Suppose the plans of a group of former natural-gas storage developers and a significant Canadian energy infrastructure developer go accordingly. In that case, U.S. could see its biggest green hydrogen hub far up and running by 2025. Thyssenkrupp, a German conglomerate, has signed EPC contracts to construct what it claims will be record-size industrial facilities in North America for producing green hydrogen.
Further, Hy Stor Energy announced in October 2021 that it plans to construct a green hydrogen generation and processing plant that could match the size of similar European projects. The initial stage of the project could produce 110,000 Tons of green hydrogen annually and store more than 70,000 Tons of it in salt caverns beneath the ground by 2025.
The global green hydrogen market is growing swiftly and is becoming increasingly competitive due to the presence of major players such as Siemens Energy AG, Toshiba Energy Systems & Solutions Corporation, Linde AG, Air Liquide, Nel ASA, Cummins Inc., Air Products Inc, H&R GROUP, Nation Synergy Hydrogen and Hamburg. The market is fragmented and market players employ market tactics such as mergers, acquisitions, product launches, contributions and collaborations to gain a competitive advantage and recognition.
Overview: Siemens energy global is engaged in advanced technology providers which thrive on supporting a sustainable world. The company's portfolio of solutions, products and services includes power generation, energy technologies, decarbonization, industrial applications, power transmission, green hydrogen production, energy storage systems and renewable energy technologies.
The company exists in more than 90 countries located. The energy technology portfolio includes hybrid power plants operated with hydrogen, gas and steam turbines and power generators & transformers. On October 27, 2020, Siemens Gas and Power changed its name and business address to Siemens Energy Global.
The global green hydrogen market report would provide approximately 69 tables, 72 figures and almost 282 pages.
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