Abstract
There is perhaps no genre of film or television more global than animation.
Success for a film or TV series in one country can translate - often very
quickly - into a global hit. And success in these primary markets can feed
through into DVD and generate a business from the sale of licenses to toy
companies, publishers, and many other manufacturers.
Animation is also a genre which spans the whole range of media creation, from
the US-based studio conglomerates led by the Walt Disney Company though to
individual artists equipped with little more than a PC and some software. The
gap is widening between the studios - which plough huge budgets into their
animated movies and feed a growing network of branded networks in the US and
around the world with new TV series - and independent producers, who are
encountering increasing difficulties in raising funding.
Changes in the television market - which the current worldwide recession has
further exacerbated - have destabilised the traditional source of commissions
for most independents, who do not have the guaranteed pipeline to market
offered by the studios' distribution operations and networks.
Many countries - in particular France and Canada - are reaping the benefits of
an ecosystem of financial support programmes, tax breaks and broadcast quotas
that serves to bolster their animation sectors. Even these industries are not
immune to a weak international market, relying on coproduction, presales and
licence fee revenue for a significant part of their funding.
The physical production of animation TV and film is a time-consuming and
labour-intensive process involving the creation of thousands of images,
backgrounds and objects. Because of the amount of time involved, much of this
work is subcontracted to companies in lower wage countries which are able to
provide the sheer manpower involved to deliver a project to a tight deadline.
Companies that remain committed to the animation industry are pursuing one of
two major business models (or in many cases both): earning a living from fees
- the traditional position of most animation producers - or retaining rights
in the intellectual property they create and generating royalties and revenue
from its exploitation. Many of the largest intellectual property companies now
subcontract the physical production of animation to third parties, operating
as what could be termed financing producers.
Table of Contents
Tables and charts
Introduction
Trends in production
- France
- Animation production in hours: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK,
US
- Animation production in value: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK,
US
- Production budgets: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK, US
- Film animation
- Other territories (Japan, South Korea, India and China)
- Top 10 animation producers in Canada
- Top 10 animation producers in France
- Top 10 animation producers in Germany
- Top 10 animation producers in Italy
- Top 10 animation producers in Spain
- Top 10 animation producers in UK
- Top 10 animation producers in US
Trends in broadcasting
- Development of international programming
- Other international players: KidsCo, the BBC and JimJam 27
- Adult animation
- Trends in broadcasting outside the US
The big three
- Walt Disney Co
- Cartoon Network
- Nickelodeon
Animation production
- Value chain of animation production
- Pre-production and development
- Production
- Post-production
Animation support schemes
- Canada:
- Tax incentives and loans
- Broadcast quotas
- France:
- The CNC and COSIP
- Soficas
- The ' Credit d' impot' (tax credit) scheme
- Support from local and regional governments 45
- Broadcast quotas
- Germany
- Italy
- Spain
- UK
- The MEDIA Programme and Eurimages
- Asia
- Australia
- Private investment and public share offerings
Revenue models for animation
- Television
- Sales to television
- Home entertainment
- Toys, publishing and other licences
- Film
- Television: current market conditions
Impact of internet and new platforms
- The internet
- Development and production
- Distribution
- Online ventures by animation producers
- Online content
- Video-on-demand
Tables and Charts
- Annual animation production in France
- Annual animation production for TV (hours) in : Canada, France, Germany,
Italy, Spain, UK, US
- Animation production - TV: Value of animation produced (tm) : Canada,
France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK, US
- Animation production - TV: Value of animation produced ($m) : Canada,
France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK, US
- Average cost per hour (t), 2008: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Spain,
UK, US
- Animation production - TV: Average cost per hour (t): Canada, France,
Germany, Italy, Spain, UK, US
- Animation production - TV: Average cost per hour ($): Canada, France,
Germany, Italy, Spain, UK, US
- US animation movie production budgets (tm)
- US animation movie production budgets ($m)
- Animated movie production (by year of production) in France, Germany,
Italy, Spain and the UK
- Animation movie production per country - estimated total budget value (tm)
in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK
- Animation movie production per country - estimated total budget value ($m)
in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK
- Japanese animation industry sales (¥bn)
- Japanese animation industry sales ($m)
- Canada: animation producers ranked by average annual output 2006-2008
(hours)
- Canada: Ranking of top 10 animation producers by share of market 2008
- France: animation producers ranked by average annual output 2006-2008
(hours)
- France: Ranking of top 10 animation producers by share of market 2008
- Germany: animation producers ranked by average annual output 2006-2008
(hours)
- Germany: Ranking of top 10 animation producers by share of market 2008
- Italy: animation producers ranked by average annual output 2006-2008
(hours)
- Italy: Ranking of top 10 animation producers by share of market 2008
- Spain: animation producers ranked by average annual output 2006-2008
(hours)
- Spain: Ranking of top 10 animation producers by share of market 2008
- UK: animation producers ranked by average annual output 2006-2008 (hours)
- UK: Ranking of top 10 animation producers by share of market 2008
- US: animation producers ranked by average annual output 2006-2008 (hours)
- US: Ranking of top 10 animation producers by share of market 2008
- US children' s blocks
- Cartoon Network: annual animation production (hours)
- Nickelodeon: annual animation production (hours)
- Disney Channels: annual animation production (hours)
- Walt Disney Co channel distribution
- Turner Broadcasting channel distribution
- Nickelodeon channel distribution
- Foreign series sold to the USA
- France: Investment in animation production (tm)
- Five main UK channels: spending on children' s programming (£m)
- Asian animation co-productions (2005 - 2009)
- Licence fees paid for animation
- Children' s channels launched by generalist broadcasters
- International Disney Channels (excluding feed extensions) and Launch Dates
- Walt Disney breakdown of revenues from children' s 2008
- Walt Disney: estimated revenues from children' s entertainment ($m)
- Cartoon Network: breakdown of revenues from children' s 2008
- Cartoon Network: estimated revenues from children' s entertainment ($m)
- Viacom Inc breakdown of revenues from children' s 2008
- Viacom Inc: estimated revenues from children' s entertainment ($m)
- US online properties by videos viewed
- Examples of current animated properties and who created them
- DQ Entertainment: segment results ($m)
- DQ Entertainment: Revenues from external customers ($m)
- Co-productions with Canada
- France: value of animation sales (tm)
- Key animation mergers and acquisitions
- Support programmes for TV animation
- Support programmes for film animation
- DHX Media programme investment model
- Animation in France: breakdown of funding in value (tm)
- German public funding for animation 2008
- Eurimages grants for co-production of animated feature films
- Cartoon Forum
- Animation companies on the stock market
- Previously listed animation companies in private ownership
- Estimated value of animation (feature film, TV and straight-to-video) in
retail and rental home entertainment market (tm)
- Broadcasters funding animation
- Japan: DVD animation market revenues by genre, (¥bn)
- Top US animated home entertainment titles 2008
- Top US animated home entertainment titles 2007
- Top US animated home entertainment titles 2006
- Key financials of Toei Animation (¥bn)
- Key financials of 4Kids Entertainment ($m)
- Key financials of Millimages (tm)
- Key financials of BKN International (tm)
- Key financials of HIT Entertainment Ltd (£m)
- Key financials of Chorion (£m)
- Animation websites: France
- Animation websites: Germany
- Animation websites: UK
- Animation websites: US
- Online communities linked to animation properties
- Apple iTunes: launch of TV programmes on stores
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