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市場調查報告書
鎵：全球市場與展望：第8版（2011年）
Gallium: Global Industry Markets and Outlook, 8th Edition 2011
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鎵：全球市場與展望：第8版（2011年） 是由出版商Roskill Information Services, Ltd.在2011年05月所出版的。
這份英文市場調查報告書包含108 Pages 價格從美金5400起跳。
全球的鎵市場受到智慧型手機和LED照明・顯示器等電子產品和光學電子產品的需求所支撐，2010年也依舊維持穩定的狀態。今後至2015年，預期需求將以每年15％的比例擴大。做為主要生產國的有中國・德國・哈薩克，尚有做為二次生產（回收）國家的日本與北美地區。
本報告，調查全球鎵市場的最新動向，彙整生產方式與主要用途、主要生產國・廠商的一覽、砷化鎵等化合物的生產・需求動向等資訊，由下列摘要形式闡述。
第1章 摘要
第2章 何謂鎵
第3章 鎵的生產
第4章 生產國的相關說明
- 澳洲
- 玻利維亞
- 加拿大
- 中國
- 法國
- 德國
- 匈牙利
- 印度
- 日本
- 哈薩克
- 那米比亞
- 荷蘭
- 紐西蘭
- 波蘭
- 俄羅斯
- 斯洛伐克
- 韓國
- 烏克蘭
- 英國
- 美國
第5章 鎵的需求
第6章 電子裝置中的鎵
- 砷化鎵的優點
- 砷化鎵半導體
- 單晶培育方式
- epilayer層的附著
第7章 砷化鎵基板的主要製造・加工業者
第8章 砷化鎵基板的主要市場
第9章 氮化鎵
- 氮化鎵・雷射二極體
- 氮化鎵LED
- 其他使用氮化鎵的裝置開發
第10章 銻化鎵
第11章 磷化鎵
第12章 其他競爭基板的種類
- 磷化銦
- 有機LED (OLED)
- 藍寶石
- 碳化矽
- 矽鍺
第13章 鎵的其他用途
- 電池
- 觸媒
- 牙科用雷射
- 可溶合金
- 磁石
- 醫藥品
- 滑雪蠟
- 鎵・鎵化合物的其他用途
第14章 鎵的價格與趨勢
圖表一覽
Abstract
Gallium may be scarce but it is not rare. It is more abundant than many
better-known metals such as antimony, molybdenum, silver and tungsten, but,
unlike these elements, gallium is rarely, if ever, found in economic
concentrations of natural minerals. The two major sources of commercial
gallium are its extraction from the Bayer liquor in the production of alumina
from bauxite and the residues arising from leaching of zinc oxide prior to
electrolysis.
Much of the capacity for production of virgin gallium is now located in China,
Germany and Kazakhstan, following a reduction in the number of companies
refining gallium in Russia and the closure of a plant in France. China is set
to increase virgin gallium capacity from 141tpy in 2010 to 206tpy by the end
of 2011.
A significant proportion of gallium is from secondary production, particularly
from the recycling of GaAs wafers and the waste arising from liquid phase
epitaxy. The main centres for secondary production are Japan and North
America. There is little evidence that much effective recycling takes place in
China, despite the fact that the country is becoming a major consumer of
gallium.
The gallium market is robust; in 2010 demand for the metal was strong from
both electronic and optoelectronic sectors. Major supply drivers include the
growing demand for smart phones and multi-band, multimode handsets as well as
the use of LEDs in lighting and display screens. In China, around half of
identified consumption is used in NdFeB magnetic materials, a pattern not
repeated elsewhere in the world, but which has potential for growth in Japan.
Forecast demand for gallium will grow at around 15%pa to 2015 and this
increased demand will be met from both existing excess capacity, particularly
in secondary refining, and from new primary capacity planned for China and,
possibly, North America. An untapped reserve of secondary material will
accumulate in China while recycling remains at a low level.
Get accurate answers from independent experts
- What is the estimated demand for gallium in 2010?
- What are the potential new uses for gallium over the next decade?
- Which companies are the major producers of virgin gallium?
- What are the main sources of scrap used in secondary refining?
- Which companies are planning additions to virgin gallium capacity?
- What are the main factors affecting future price trends?
Table of Contents
1 Summary
2 Introduction to gallium
- 2.1 Chemical and physical properties of gallium
- 2.2 Gallium sources and resources
- 2.2.1 Occurrence of gallium
- 2.2.2 Commercial sources of primary gallium
- 2.2.3 Gallium recovery and resources
- 2.2.3.1 Recovery as a by-product of aluminium
- 2.2.3.2 Recovery as a by-product of zinc
- 2.2.3.3 Recovery as a main product
- 2.2.3.4 Recovery from scrap (secondary recovery)
- 2.2.3.5 Refining and purification of recovered gallium
3 Gallium production
- 3.1 Current production
- 3.2 Future production
4 Notes on producing countries
- 4.1 Australia
- 4.1.1 AMAC Alloys
- 4.1.2 GEO Specialty Chemical Inc.
- 4.2 Bolivia
- 4.2.1 South American Silver Corp.
- 4.3 Canada
- 4.3.1 Neo Performance Materials Ltd.
- 4.3.2 Potential gallium projects
- 4.3.2.1 China Minmetals Corp.
- 4.3.2.2 Pacific Booker Minerals Inc.
- 4.3.2.3 Strategic Metals Ltd.
- 4.3.2.4 Great Western Minerals Group Ltd.
- 4.3.2.5 AurCrest Gold (formerly Tribute Minerals Inc.)
- 4.3.2.6 Zinccorp Resources Inc.
- 4.4 China
- 4.4.1 Aluminium Corporation of China Limited
- 4.4.1.1 Guangxi Branch
- 4.4.1.2 Guizhou Branch
- 4.4.1.3 Henan Branch
- 4.4.1.4 Shandong Branch
- 4.4.1.5 Shanxi Branch
- 4.4.2 Beijing JiYa Semiconductor Material Co., Ltd.
- 4.4.3 China Crystal Technologies Co., Ltd.
- 4.4.4 East Hope mianchi Gallium Industry Co.
- 4.4.5 Emei Semiconductor Material Factory & Institute
- 4.4.6 Guangzhou Litop Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd
- 4.4.7 MCP Jin Shu (Shenzen) Co Ltd
- 4.4.8 Nanjing Jin Mei Gallium Ltd.
- 4.4.9 Sichuan Western Minmetals Co., Ltd
- 4.4.10 Sumika Electronic Materials (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.
- 4.4.11 Tianjin Jinbolan Fine Chemical Co., Ltd
- 4.4.12 Yunnan Luoping Zinc & Electricity Co., Ltd
- 4.4.13 Vital Specialty Materials
- 4.4.14 Zhuhai Fangyuan
- 4.4.15 Zijin Mining Group
- 4.5 France
- 4.6 Germany
- 4.6.1 MCP HEK GmbH
- 4.6.2 PPM Pure Metals GmbH
- 4.7 Hungary
- 4.7.1 MAL Hungarian Aluminium Ltd.
- 4.8 India
- 4.8.1 Hindalco Industries Limited
- 4.8.2 National Aluminium Company Ltd. (NALCO)
- 4.8.3 Vedanta Resources plc
- 4.9 Japan
- 4.9.1 Dowa Electronics Materials Co., Ltd.
- 4.9.2 Furukawa Denshi Co., Ltd.
- 4.9.3 Nichia Corporation
- 4.9.4 Nippon Rare Metal, Inc.
- 4.9.5 Rasa Industries, Ltd.
- 4.9.6 Sumitomo Metal Mining (SMM)
- 4.9.7 Sumitomo Chemical
- 4.1 Kazakhstan
- 4.10.1 Eurasian Natural Resources Corporation PLC
- 4.11 Namibia
- 4.11.1 Emerging Metals Limited
- 4.12 Netherlands
- 4.12.1 Umicore Precious Metals Refining
- 4.13 New Zealand
- 4.14 Poland
- 4.15 Russia
- 4.15.1 Basel Cement
- 4.15.2 Novosibirsk Integrated Tin Works
- 4.16 Slovakia
- 4.17 South Korea
- 4.17.1 Korea Zinc Company
- 4.18 Ukraine
- 4.18.1 Nikolaev Alumina Refinery
- 4.18.2 Business Partners CJSC
- 4.19 UK
- 4.19.1 Mining & Chemical Products Ltd.
- 4.20 USA
- 4.20.1 Neo Performance Materials Ltd.
- 4.20.2 GEO Specialty Chemicals, Inc.
- 4.20.3 Gallium Compounds LLC
- 4.20.4 Gold Canyon Resources Inc.
- 4.20.5 Nyrstar NV
5 Gallium demand
- 5.1 Historic demand
- 5.1.1 Japan
- 5.1.2 USA
- 5.1.3 China and Europe
- 5.2 Current demand
- 5.3 Future demand
- 5.3.1 ICs (semi-insulating GaAs)
- 5.3.2 LEDs (semiconducting GaAs and GaN)
- 5.3.2.1 Display
- 5.3.2.2 Lighting
- 5.3.2.3 Photovoltaics
- 5.3.3 Magnets
6 Gallium in electronic devices
- 6.1 The advantages of gallium arsenide
- 6.1.1 Speed
- 6.1.2 Wide temperature range
- 6.2 Gallium arsenide semiconductors
- 6.3 Single crystal growth methods
- 6.3.1 VGF: Vertical Gradient Freeze
- 6.3.2 LEC: Liquid Encapsulated Czochralski
- 6.3.3 CZ: Czochralski
- 6.4 Deposition of epilayers
7 Principal manufacturers and processors of gallium arsenide substrates
- 7.1 China
- 7.1.1 China Crystal Technologies (CCT)
- 7.2 Europe
- 7.2.1 Germany
- 7.2.1.1 Freiberger Compound Materials (FCM)
- 7.2.1.2 Integrated Compound Semiconductors Ltd (ICS)
- 7.2.2 Russia
- 7.2.3 Slovakia
- 7.2.3.1 CMK Ltd
- 7.2.3.2 Phostec s.r.o.
- 7.2.4 UK
- 7.2.4.1 Filtronic Compound Semiconductors Ltd. (FCS)
- 7.2.4.2 IQE plc
- 7.2.4.3 Wafer Technology Ltd
- 7.3 Japan
- 7.3.1 DOWA Electric Materials Co., Ltd.
- 7.3.2 Furukawa Denshi Co., Ltd.
- 7.3.3 Showa Denko
- 7.3.4 Hitachi Cable
- 7.3.5 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd (SEI)
- 7.3.6 Sumitomo Chemical
- 7.3.7 Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation
- 7.4 Taiwan
- 7.4.1 Procomp
- 7.4.2 Semiconductor Wafer Inc.
- 7.4.3 Giga Epitaxy Technology Corp. (GET)
- 7.4.4 Millennium Communication Co. Ltd (M-Com)
- 7.4.5 Arima Optoelectronics Corporation (AOC)
- 7.4.6 Transcom
- 7.4.7 WIN Semiconductors Corp.
- 7.4.8 Advanced Wireless Semiconductor Company (AWSC)
- 7.4.9 Visual Photonics Epitaxy Co., Ltd (VPEC)
- 7.5 USA
- 7.5.1 AXT, Inc.
- 7.5.2 Galaxy Compound Semiconductors, Inc.
- 7.5.3 IntelliEPI
- 7.5.4 Kopin Corporation
- 7.5.5 M/A-COM Technology Solutions Inc.
- 7.5.6 MTI Corp.
- 7.5.7 RF Micro Devices, Inc. (RFMD)
- 7.5.8 Spire Corporation
8 Principal markets for GaAs substrates
- 8.1 Semiconducting GaAs for optoelectronics
- 8.1.1 Infrared emitting diodes (IREDs)
- 8.1.2 Laser Diodes (LDs)
- 8.1.3 Photodetectors
- 8.1.4 Visible LEDs
- 8.2 Semi-insulating GaAs for integrated circuits
- 8.2.1 Digital ICs
- 8.2.2 FETs
- 8.2.2.1 MESFETs
- 8.2.2.2 HEMTs
- 8.2.2.3 pHEMTs
- 8.2.2.4 mHEMTs
- 8.2.3 MMICs
- 8.3 Photovoltaic cells
9 Gallium nitride
- 9.1 GaN Laser Diodes
- 9.2 GaN LEDs
- 9.3 Other developments in GaN-based devices
10 Gallium antimonide
11 Gallium phosphide
12 Other competitive substrates
- 12.1 Indium phosphide
- 12.2 Organic LEDs (OLEDs)
- 12.3 Sapphire
- 12.4 Silicon carbide
- 12.5 Silicon germanium
13 Other applications for gallium
- 13.1 Batteries
- 13.2 Catalysis
- 13.3 Dental lasers
- 13.4 Fusible alloys
- 13.5 Magnets
- 13.6 Pharmaceuticals
- 13.7 Ski waxes
- 13.8 Other minor uses of gallium and gallium compounds
14 Gallium prices and price trends
Tables Listing
- 1 Properties of gallium
- 2 Abundance of gallium
- 3 Indicative gallium content of GaAs wafer scrap
- 4 Estimated virgin gallium production capacity, end-2008
- 5 Estimated virgin gallium capacity and forecast production, 2010
- 6 Gallium recycling in Japan, 2005 to 2009
- 7 Estimated secondary gallium capacity, 2010
- 8 Japanese supply of gallium, 2004 to 2009
- 9 CMK Gallium Recapture (4N), 2005 to 2009
- 10 CMK Gallium Refining (6N), 2005 to 2009
- 11 USA: Imports of gallium (scrap, unwrought and waste), 2004 to 2008
- 12 Japanese demand for gallium by end use, 2003 to 2009
- 13 USA Consumption of gallium by end use, 2004 to 2009
- 14 Gallium-based compound semiconductors
- 15 Some major suppliers of GaAs substrates
- 16 GIRMET Ltd: Gallium-based semiconductor crystals and wafers
- 17 Hitachi Cable: Next-generation optical disk systems
- 18 AXT: High-performance compound and single element semiconductor
substrates
- 19 Major Devices
- 20 Visible LEDs
- 21 Worlds biggest LED epitaxy manufacturers by revenue, 2008 to 2010
- 22 IC Market Segments
- 23 Some solid-state devices (and their applications) to be found in MMICs
- 24 Commercial applications for GaAs MMICs
- 25 Worlds key GaAs foundries
- 26 Major SI GaAs epitaxial substrate suppliers
- 27 Worlds major GaAs device manufacturers
- 28 Relative cell efficiencies
- 29 Leading CIGS companies
- 30 semiconductor developers
- 31 GaN RF power device manufacturers etc
- 32 GaN epitaxial wafer providers
- 33 GaN substrate producers
- 34 GaN LED Applications
- 35 Leading GaN & InGaN LED suppliers
- 36 Indium Corporation of America: Fusible alloys
- 37 MCP Group: Eutectic gallium alloys
Figures Listing
- 1 Chalco: Gallium production, 2005 to 2009
- 2 MAL: Gallium production, 2005 to 2009
- 3 World: Demand for gallium, 2006 to 2009
- 4 USA: Imports and apparent consumption of gallium, 2005 to 2010
- 5 World: LED backlight market penetration, 2008 to 2015
- 6 Illustration: Worldwide TV market by technology, 2004 to 2014
- 7 World: Growth in LED displays, 2008 to 2015
- 8 Illustration: Three crystal growth technologies
- 9 Visible LEDs
- 10 Characteristics comparison chart
- 11 Illustration: CIGS cell structure
- 12 Europe: Spot prices for gallium, 2000 to 2011
- 13 USA: Average annual price for gallium, 2000 to 2010
- 14 Europe: Spot prices for gallium, 2007 to 2011
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