[英文調查報告書] 燃料電池的主要技術：用途、成本、經濟競爭力及未來發展性

Abstract

With fuel cells of many different designs and types now approaching commercial viability, it is timely to examine the technology underlying their operation and the advantages that different designs may have in a range of different applications. ' Leading Fuel Cell Technologies: Applications, costs, economic competitiveness and future prospects' is a new report from Business Insights that examines each of the major types of fuel cells and their advantages that lend them to particular applications, and disadvantages that will make it less suited to others. Understanding these differences is the key to understanding which fuel cells will succeed in which markets. These differences also affect the prices of the different technologies and therefore, ultimately, their long term prospects.

Executive summary

Introduction
Fuel cell basics
Phosphoric acid fuel cells
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Molten carbonate fuel cells
Solid oxide fuel cells
Alkaline fuel cells
The direct methanol fuel cell
The cost of fuel cells
The future of fuel cells

Chapter 1 Introduction

Introduction
The history of fuel cells
The structure of this report

Chapter 2 Fuel cell technology

Introduction
How a fuel cell works
Catalysts
Efficiency
Types of fuel cell
The alkaline fuel cell
The phosphoric acid fuel cell
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell
The molten carbonate fuel cell
The solid oxide fuel cell
The direct methanol fuel cell
Fuel and fuel processing
The hydrogen economy
Distributed generation
Environmental benefits

Chapter 3 Phosphoric acid fuel cells

Introduction
PAFC cell technology
Fuel processing
Commercial PAFC units
Applications for PAFC fuel cells
Costs of PAFC fuel cells
PAFC prospects

Chapter 4 Proton exchange membrane fuel

cells
Introduction
PEM cell technology
Fuel processing
Commercial PEM fuel cells
Applications
Cost of PEM fuel cells
Future prospects

Chapter 5 Molten carbonate fuel cells

Introduction
MCFC technology
Fuel processing
Commercial molten carbonate fuel cells
Applications
Cost of MCFC fuel cells
Future prospects

Chapter 6 Solid oxide acid fuel cells

Introduction
SOFC technology
Fuel processing
Fuel cell-turbine hybrids
Commercial SOFC developments
Applications
The cost of SOFC fuel cells
Future prospects

Chapter 7 Alkaline fuel cells

Introduction
Alkaline fuel cell technology
Fuel processing
Commercial AFC units
Applications
Costs
Future prospects

Chapter 8 The direct methanol fuel cell

Introduction
DMFC technology
Commercial DMFC fuel cells
Applications
Costs
Future prospects

Chapter 9 The cost of fuel cells

Introduction
Costs for stationary applications
Cost comparisons and other data
Fuel cell cost targets

Chapter 10 The future of fuel cells

Introduction
Stationary fuel cell market
Other fuel cell markets
Fuel cell prospects

List of Figures

Figure 5.1: MCFC fuel cell costs and cost reductions ($/kW), 1996-2006
Figure 9.2: The cost of fuel cells for stationary applications ($/kW)
Figure 9.3: Cost comparison with other generation technologies, ($/kW)
Figure 9.4: Comparison of generation costs for different technologies ($/MWh)
Figure 10.5: Annual large stationary fuel cell installations (over 10kW)
Figure 10.6: Forecast large stationary fuel cell sales (number of units, cumulative capacity in MW), 2008-2009
Figure 10.7: Annual small stationary fuel cell shipments (under 10kW), (Number of units shipped), 2001-2007

List of Tables

Table 2.1: Fuel cell characteristics
Table 2.2: Typical Fuel Cell Power Plant Emissions (ppm)
Table 3.3: Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell Characteristics
Table 3.4: Operating parameters for PC25C fuel cell
Table 3.5: PC25C emissions
Table 4.6: Proton exchange membrane fuel cell characteristics
Table 4.7: Ballard Power Systems 250kW fuel cell prototype specification
Table 4.8: Plug Power residential fuel cell specification
Table 5.9: Molten carbonate fuel cell characteristics
Table 5.10: FuelCell Energy prototype MCFC stack
Table 5.11: MCFC fuel cell costs and cost reductions ($/kW), 1996-2006
Table 6.12: Solid oxide fuel cell characteristics
Table 6.13: Westervoort 100kW pilot plant
Table 7.14: Alkaline fuel cell characteristics
Table 8.15: Direct methanol fuel cell characteristics
Table 9.16: The cost of fuel cells for stationary applications ($/kW)
Table 9.17: California Energy Commission generation cost estimates for fuel cells ($/kW, $/MWh)
Table 9.18: Cost comparison with other generation technologies, ($/kW)
Table 9.19: Comparison of generation costs for different technologies ($/MWh)
Table 10.20: Annual large stationary fuel cell installations (over 10kW)
Table 10.21: Forecast large stationary fuel cell sales (number of units, cumulative capacity in MW), 2008-2009
Table 10.22: Annual small stationary fuel cell shipments (under 10kW), (Number of units shipped), 2001-2007