未來二氧化碳封存（CCS） 是由出版商Business Insights在2011年05月所出版的。
這份英文市場調查報告書包含Pages: 117 價格從美金2875起跳。
能源相關二氧化碳排放量預計至2015年將達 31,500mt（兆噸）、2020年33,800mt、2030年39,300mt、2035年42,400mt。另一方面在2007年為1,425GW的全球碳發電能力預估2015年可達1,545GW、2020年1,671GW、2030年2,080GW、2035年2,366GW。
本報告針對二氧化碳封存（CCS）技術現況與預測進行調查分析，提供發電廠二氧化碳排放與回收動向、二氧化碳回收・運輸・儲存相關技術概要、新興技術動向、法規課題、回收、儲存成本分析、未來CCS安裝容量預測，目錄介紹如下。
摘要整理
介紹：二氧化碳封存（CCS）
- 摘要
- 介紹：二氧化碳封存（CCS）
- 全球能源相關二氧化碳排放
- 煤燃燒
- CCS
- 本書構成
二氧化碳回收
- 摘要
- 介紹
- 二氧化碳回收與發電廠効率
- 發電廠二氧化碳集中與排放等級
- 燃燒後回收
- 胺・氨燃燒後回收溶劑
- 其他燃燒後回収系統
- 燃燒前回收
- 代替燃焼前方法
- 富氧燃燒
- 化學物質迴圈
- 改造
- 二氧化碳壓縮
- 示範項目
二氧化碳運輸與隔離
- 摘要
- 介紹
- 問題規模
- 二氧化碳運輸
- 二氧化碳隔離
- 地層隔離
- 地質埋存能力調查
- 海洋隔離
- 代替性隔離選擇
- CCS簇團
- 隔離風險
- 示範項目
政治・規範問題
- 摘要
- 介紹
- 國際二氧化碳排放法規制度
- 國家・地區法規制度
- 規範課題
- 二氧化碳回收
- 二氧化碳運輸
- 二氧化碳儲存
- 監督與驗證
CCS成本
- 摘要
- 介紹
- 二氧化碳回收成本評估
- 資本成本
- 運輸・儲存成本
- 電力成本
- 監督與驗證成本
CCS的未來
- 摘要
- 介紹
- 可再生發電・傳統型發電：成本比較
- 避免成本・二氧化碳成本與二氧化碳稅
- 潛在市場規模
- 市場發展
- 改造
- 一般了解
- 整體結論
附錄
圖表
Abstract
Introduction
The position of carbon capture and storage technology today is similar to that
of sulphur dioxide capture during the 1980s when legislation and technology
were coming together. Today the capture of sulphur dioxide is routine in many
power stations and cap-and-trade systems exist to control its release - a
compelling model for the development of carbon capture and storage over the
next 20-30 years.
Features and benefits
- Realize up to date competitive intelligence through a comprehensive review
of carbon capture and storage technologies concepts.
- Assess the emerging trends in carbon capture and storage technologies -
including post and pre combustion capture systems, and oxyfuel combustion.
- Identify which key trends will offer the greatest growth potential and
learn which technology trends are likely to allow greater market impact.
- Compare how manufacturers are developing new carbon capture and storage
technologies.
- Quantify costs of carbon capture and storage technologies, with
comparisons of power generation technology, installation costs and cost of
electricity
Highlights
By 2015 total energy related emissions of carbon dioxide are predicted to
reach 31,500mt, rising to 33,800mt in 2020, 39,300mt in 2030 and 42,400mt in
2035, roughly double the level of emissions in 1990.
The total global coal-fired generating capacity in 2007 was 1,425GW. This will
rise to 1,545GW in 2015 and 1,671GW in 2020. By 2030 it is projected to reach
2,080GW and in 2035 the total coal-based generating capacity will be 2,366GW,
66% higher than in 2007.
A conventional subcritical pulverised coal power plant of the type in common
use throughout the world today has a typical coal to electrical energy
conversion efficiency of 36.8% (many older subcritical plants will have lower
efficiencies than this). When post combustion capture is added, the overall
efficiency of the plant falls to only 26.2%.
Your key questions answered
- What are the drivers shaping and influencing carbon capture and storage
technology development in the electricity industry?
- What does carbon capture and storage cost? What will it cost in the future?
- Which carbon capture and storage technology types will be the winners and
which the losers in terms power generated, cost and viability?
- Which carbon capture and storage technology types are likely to find favor
with manufacturers moving forward?
- Which emerging technologies are gaining in popularity and why?
Table of Contents
Dr Paul Breeze
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- An introduction to carbon capture and storage
- Carbon dioxide capture
- Carbon dioxide transport and sequestration
- Political and regulatory issues
- The cost of carbon capture and storage
- The future of carbon capture and storage
An introduction to carbon capture and storage
- Summary
- An introduction to carbon capture and storage
- Global energy related carbon dioxide emissions
- Coal combustion
- Carbon capture and storage
- The structure of the report
Carbon dioxide capture
- Summary
- Introduction
- Carbon capture and power plant efficiency
- Power plant carbon dioxide concentrations and emission levels
- Post combustion capture
- Amine and ammonia-base post combustion capture solvents
- Other post combustion capture systems
- Pre combustion capture
- Alternative pre-combustion methods
- Oxyfuel combustion
- Chemical looping
- Retrofitting
- Carbon dioxide compression
- Demonstration projects
Carbon dioxide transport and sequestration
- Summary
- Introduction
- The size of the problem
- Carbon dioxide transportation
- Carbon dioxide sequestration
- Geological sequestration
- GeoCapacity surveys
- Ocean sequestration
- Alternative sequestration options
- CCS clusters
- Sequestration risks
- Demonstration projects
Political and regulatory issues
- Summary
- Introduction
- International carbon emissions legislation
- National and regional legislation
- Regulatory issues
- Carbon capture
- Carbon dioxide transportation
- Carbon dioxide storage
- Monitoring and verification
The cost of carbon capture and storage
- Summary
- Introduction
- Measuring the cost of carbon capture
- Capital costs
- Transport and storage costs
- The cost of electricity
- Monitoring and verification costs
The future of carbon capture and storage
- Summary
- Introduction
- Renewable and conventional generation cost comparison
- Avoided cost and the cost of carbon and carbon taxes
- Potential market size
- Market development
- Retrofitting
- Public perception
- Conclusions
Appendix
TABLES
- Table: Global annual energy related carbon dioxide emissions (m tonnes),
2010
- Table: Projected global annual energy related carbon dioxide emissions (m
tonnes), 2010
- Table: Projected annual coal fired power generating capacity, by region
(GW), 2010
- Table: Plant efficiencies with and without carbon capture and compression,
2010
- Table: Carbon dioxide quantities in flue gas from power plants (vol%), 2010
- Table: Key carbon capture configurations for coal-fired power plants, 2010
- Table: Energy consumption for MEA carbon capture (%), 2010
- Table: Typical candidates for chemical looping oxygen carriers, 2009
- Table: Distribution of large power sector carbon capture and storage
demonstration projects, 2011
- Table: Annual global carbon dioxide emissions (Gt), 2010
- Table: National power plant carbon dioxide emissions from ten largest
emitters (mt), 2010
- Table: Cost of transportation of carbon dioxide by pipeline and sea, 2010
- Table: Pipeline requirements to 2050 (km), 2010
- Table: Potential global underground storage capacities (Gt CO 2 ), 2010
- Table: Distribution of underground brine aquifer storage capacity and
amounts that must be stored, 2020 and 2050, 2010
- Table: Key features of potential sequestration sites, 2010
- Table: Key features of sequestration demonstration projects, 2010
- Table: Kyoto Protocol emission limits for Annex B countries, 2010
- Table: EU greenhouse gas emissions (mt CO 2 equivalent), 2010
- Table: Comparison of cost of carbon captured and avoided cost, 2010
- Table: Costs for US fossil fuel plants, 2010
- Table: US EIA capital cost estimates for coal fired plants with carbon
capture, 2010
- Table: Capital costs for plants with and without carbon capture, 2011
- Table: Levelized cost of electricity for plants entering service in 2016
($/MWh), 2010
- Table: Levelized costs based on Lazard' s analysis, 2010
- Table: Cost of electricity for plants with and without carbon capture
($/MWh), 2011
- Table: Comparison of cost electricity from CCS power plants and other low
carbon generation for entry into service in 2016, 2010
- Table: Levelized cost comparison for current low carbon power plants, 2010
- Table: Cost of electricity for plants with and without carbon capture
($/MWh), 2011
- Table: Carbon taxes, 2010
- Table: Expected CCS projects and capacity based on IEA Blue Map, 2010
- Table: Breakdown of installed CCS capacity by type for IEA Blue Map
scenario, 2010
FIGURES
- Figure: Global annual energy related carbon dioxide emissions (m tones),
2010
- Figure: Projected global annual energy related carbon dioxide emissions (m
tonnes), 2010
- Figure: Projected annual coal fired power generating capacity, by region
(GW), 2010
- Figure: Carbon dioxide quantities in flue gas from power plants (vol%),
2010
- Figure: Energy consumption for MEA carbon capture (%), 2010
- Figure: Annual global carbon dioxide emissions (Gt), 2010
- Figure: National power plant carbon dioxide emissions from ten largest
emitters (mt), 2010
- Figure: Cost of transportation of carbon dioxide by pipeline and sea, 2010
- Figure: Pipeline requirements to 2050 (km), 2010
- Figure: Potential global underground storage capacities (Gt CO 2 ), 2010
- Figure: Amount carbon to be sequestered by 2050* (million tonnes), 2010
- Figure: Kyoto Protocol emission limits for Annex B countries, 2010
- Figure: EU greenhouse gas emissions (mt CO 2 equivalent), 2010
- Figure: Costs for US fossil fuel plants, 2010
- Figure: US EIA capital cost estimates for coal fired plants with carbon
capture, 2010
- Figure: Capital costs for plants with and without carbon capture, 2011
- Figure: Levelized cost of electricity for plants entering service in 2016
($/MWh), 2010
- Figure: Levelized costs based on Lazard' s analysis, 2010
- Figure: Cost of electricity for plants with and without carbon capture
($/MWh), 2011
- Figure: Comparison of cost electricity from CCS power plants and other low
carbon generation for entry into service in 2016, 2010
- Figure: Levelized cost comparison for current low carbon power plants, 2010
- Figure: Cost of electricity for plants with and without carbon capture
($/MWh), 2011
- Figure: Projected CCS installed capacity by 2050 (GW), 2010
- Figure: Breakdown of installed CCS capacity by type for IEA Blue Map
scenario, 2010
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