企業的碳戰略：對能源的新要求與威脅・市場機會 是由出版商Business Insights在2011年03月所出版的。
這份英文市場調查報告書包含Pages: 190 價格從美金2875起跳。
氣候變動成為全球以及國家級的政治・法規框架中心的論點，企業也必須做相關的戰略立案。由於CO2排出在連動的領域間有複雜的互動結果，在商業對策上也必須要考慮總體的視野變化。
本報告書為對氣候變動的企業之社會責任與各種方案的相關調査分析、阻止氣候變動的各種手法，世界・地區・國家級的政策・流程・其他框架、企業趨勢案例研究、企業CSR評價方法、各種提案等，概述如下。
總綱
導論
氣候變動課題
- 政治的事實的氣候變動
- 人的干預
- 動搖茅恒等式（Kaya Identity）的因子
- CO2排出削減的影響等
阻止氣候變動的選項
- CO2排出削減所相關的主要物理的原理
- 燃料轉換
- 需求削減
- 方式的轉變選項
- 最佳化・行動變化
- 動態的總合的最佳化
- 高效率機器之導入
- CO2排出削減的主要手段
- CCS（二氧化碳回收・儲藏）
- LULUCF（土地利用、土地利用變化、以及林業部門）
- LULUCF方法的缺點
- 適應原理
世界中變化的推進因子
國家的政策手段
排出權交易的作用
- 碳市場的定理
- 自主參加型排出量交易制度
- 國家級的展望：整理
消費者推進因子
- 消費者需求
- 關鍵的認知
- 劃分化的重要性
- 消費者：洗練的環境劇演員
戰略的相容性框架
相容性運作上的手法
CO2排出削減：案例研究
- 永續性領導企業的鎖定
- 永續導覽的其他案例
- 經濟以外的鎖定方法
- 永續性的領導企業：案例研究
- Wal-Mart
- Toyota
- Hewlett Packard (HP)
- 能源效率造成的永續性
- United Technologies Corporation (UTC)
- Bank of America
- 包裝資源的效率化趨勢
行銷作用
- 核心訊息：信頼性・正確度・有意義的情報提供・明確度
總論・提案
附錄
Abstract
Introduction
This report is a summary of and a response to that rapidly changing picture.
It takes account of recent events, including the failed international
initiative at Copenhagen in 2009: and it proposes a framework and approach for
businesses seeking to get this issue right, without tying themselves down with
open-ended spending obligations.
Features and benefits
- Newly developed framework tool enabling companies to evaluate their own
corporate social responsibility achievements
- Overview of political and legislative tools available to governments
seeking to regulate corporate energy use
- Recommendations for future policy: balancing consumer demand, regulatory
pressure and business need
- Principles of brand and marketing in a world attuned to corporate social
responsibility
- Case studies covering corporate initiatives by business sector and by
business focus
Highlights
Climate change is now central to many national and international political and
legislative agendas: businesses must take this into account in planning
strategically.
Consumer response to climate change is far less homogenous than believed: in
addition to being inconsistent and ill-informed, there is a distinct consumer
segment that actively resists business “over-reaction” in this
area, penalising those businesses believed to be adding cost unnecessarily
through csr programmes.
Business solutions need to take account of the fact that their CO2 emissions
are the result of complex interactions between inter-locking areas in
business: change needs to be considered holistically (to ensure that
improvement in one area is not wiped out by worse performance in another).
Your key questions answered
- What are the key issues driving the development of corporate social
responsibility initiatives?
- How can business evaluate their own performance in this area? Where can
they go for assistance?
- What is the downside to CSR, both in terms of failure to adapt
(under-performance) and taking it up too enthusiastically (over-delivery)?
- What are some of the key areas where businesses need to review their CSR
performance?
- What are the “quick win” areas? Review of consumer attitudes
in the area of environmental friendliness
Table of Contents
About the authors
- J. Ozimek
- Professor Merlin Stone
- Disclaimer
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- Corporate social responsibility: key themes
- Mapping the energy landscape: the climate change challenge
- Options for combatting climate change
- Global drivers to change
- National policy instruments
- The role of carbon trading
- Consumer drivers
- A framework for strategic compliance
- Operational approaches to compliance
- CO2 emissions reduction: case studies
- The role of marketing
- Conclusion and recommendations
Introduction
The climate change challenge
- Summary
- Introduction
- Climate change as political fact
- Human intervention
- Factors undermining the Kaya identity
- The effect of prosperity on CO2 intensity
- The relationship between energy intensity and prosperity
- The impact of recession on CO2 emissions
Options for combatting climate change
- Summary
- Introduction
- Main physical principles involved in reducing CO2 emissions
- Fuel switching
- Fuel switching in practice
- Reducing demand
- The mode shift option
- Optimization and behavioral change
- Dynamic/integrated optimization
- Adopting more efficient equipment
- The main alternatives to reducing CO2 emissions
- Carbon capture and storage (CCS)
- Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF)
- Drawbacks to the LULUCF approach
- The principle of adaptation
Global drivers to change
- Summary
- Introduction
- Global political drivers
- The Kyoto mechanisms for controlling GHG emissions
- Monitoring emission targets
- Beyond Kyoto: a failed initiative in Copenhagen
- Beyond Kyoto: new hope from Cancun, Durban and South Korea
National policy instruments
- Summary
- Introduction
- The underlying message behind consumer concern
- The role of national incentives
- Emissions reduction: the regulatory framework
- Regulatory
- Financial measures
- Fiscal measures
- Cross-cutting measures
- Evaluation and awareness of energy efficiency programs
The role of carbon trading
- Summary
- Introduction
- Carbon tax
- Effectiveness of direct taxation
- From cap-and-trade to carbon tax: the UK' s carbon reduction commitment
- The theory behind carbon markets
- Trading units
- EU emissions trading system (EU ETS)
- The carbon trading loophole
- Voluntary trading schemes
- Slower growth in the voluntary carbon markets
- Factors impeding voluntary carbon market growth
- US and China: an “alliance of denial”
- National perspectives: a round-up
Consumer drivers
- Summary
- Introduction
- Consumer demand
- National difference: the US
- What consumers do - not what they say
- China following in Western footsteps on electric cars
- Perception is key
- Consumer mis-estimation of energy usage
- Numerate environmentalists - and mis-guided consumers
- Greenwash
- Consumer hostility
- The importance of segmentation
- The consumer: sophisticated actor in the environmental drama
A framework for strategic compliance
- Summary
- Introduction
- A compliance framework for the whole business
- A basic compliance model
- Other players offering strategic input and solutions
Operational approaches to compliance
- Summary
- Introduction
- Technological focus
- Drill-down energy audit
- Supply chain focus
- Energy efficiency within the business environment
- Packaging focus
CO 2 emissions reduction: case studies
- Summary
- Introduction
- Approaches to identifying lead companies in sustainability
- The Dow Jones sustainability indexes
- Adding detail to the Dow Jones Sustainability Index
- World leaders
- Dow Jones Sustainability companies distributed by country
- Dow Jones Sustainability companies distributed by continent
- Threat to US role in sustainability
- Other examples of sustainability indexes
- Non-financial approaches to identifying sustainability leaders
- Case studies in sustainability leadership
- Wal-Mart
- Toyota
- Sustainability by tackling supply chain issues
- Hewlett Packard (HP)
- Sustainability through energy efficiency
- United Technologies Corporation (UTC)
- Bank of America
- Packaging and resource efficiency initiatives
The role of marketing
- Summary
- Core messages: credible, accurate, informative, clear
- Real CSR versus “vanilla” (greenwash)
- The right way to provide information
- Branding and communications strategy
- O2 eco rating for phone handsets
- SAP Sustainability reporting
- In the news: typical news stories focusing on CSR
- Awards for sustainable practice
- Regional trends
Conclusion and recommendations
- Summary
- Current state
- Consumer confusion
- Business complacency?
- Learnings
- Actions now
- Future outlook
- Geo-politics
- Consumer resurgence
- Competitive issues
Appendix
- Scope
- Methodology
- Glossary/Abbreviations
- Bibliography/References
- Key companies used for source material
- Key companies cited in cases
TABLES
- Table: Temperature increase at equilibrium relative to pre-industrial
(°C)
- Table: Key ratios for energy-related CO 2 emissions, 2007
- Table: Primary energy intensity at 2005 purchasing power parities in
koe/$2005p
- Table: Primary energy intensity versus GDP per capita ($) at 2005
purchasing power parities in koe/$2005p, 2010
- Table: Benefits of eco-efficiency (%), 2010
- Table: Carbon taxes prevalent in Northern Europe, 2010
- Table: The carbon market at a glance, volumes and values in 2008-09
- Table: Voluntary Carbon Market trading volumes (MtCO 2 e), 2010
- Table: Transaction volumes (MtCO 2 e) and values ($m), global carbon
market 2007-2009
- Table: Framework for identifying key business issues in climate change and
sustainability, 2010
- Table: Focus for sustainability consortium, 2009
- Table: Example building energy audit, 2010
- Table: Ernst & Young supply chain analysis key questions, 2010
- Table: Proportion of glass containers recycled by country (leading
European economies), 2009
- Table: Dow Jones sustainability index corporate sustainability assessment
criteria, 2010
- Table: Dow Jones supersector leaders (2010/11), 2011
- Table: Distribution of Dow Jones supersector leaders by country (Number of
companies), 2010
- Table: Distribution of Dow Jones supersector leaders by continent (Number
of companies), 2010
- Table: Wal-Mart plan for implementation of sustainability goals, 2009
- Table: Carbon footprint of a 330ml Coca-Cola can containing 170g CO 2 e,
2010
FIGURES
- Figure: The Kaya Identity
- Figure: Primary energy intensity at 2005 purchasing power parities in
koe/$2005p
- Figure: Primary energy intensity versus GDP per capita ($) at 2005
purchasing power parities in koe/$2005p, 2010
- Figure: Benefits of eco-efficiency (%), 2010
- Figure: Examples of energy labeling, 2010
- Figure: WEC energy efficiency framework selection screen
- Figure: Selection from WEC Base: audits by country
- Figure: Selection from WEC Base: All measures within one country
(Switzerland)
- Figure: Effectiveness and scope of emission reduction strategies, 2010
- Figure: Voluntary carbon market trading volumes (MtCO 2 e), 2010
- Figure: Transaction volume, (MtCO 2 e), global carbon market 2007-2009
- Figure: Transaction value, ($m), global carbon market 2007-2009
- Figure: Perceptions of energy saved versus energy actually used (Wh), 2010
- Figure: Perception of perceived versus actual energy saved for automobiles
(Wh), 2010
- Figure: Perception of perceived versus actual energy saved for beverage
containers (Btu), 2010
- Figure: A framework for business energy compliance, 2010
- Figure: Business compliance framework (core value chain), 2010
- Figure: Business case for co-generation, 2010
- Figure: Ernst & Young supply chain analysis tool, 2010
- Figure: Framework for energy efficiency analysis (buildings), 2009
- Figure: Proportion of glass containers recycled by country (leading
European economies), 2009
- Figure: Sustainability scores for Panasonic Electric Works Co. Ltd, 2010
- Figure: Distribution of Dow Jones supersector leaders by country (Number
of companies), 2010
- Figure: Distribution of Dow Jones supersector leaders by continent (Number
of companies), 2010
- Figure: Scheme of Wal-Mart central energy control, 2009
- Figure: Toyota overview of energy usage through the product lifecycle, 2009
- Figure: PepsiCo model of supply chain, 2010
- Figure: Carbon footprint of a 330ml Coca-Cola can containing 170g CO 2 e,
2010
- Figure: Example of eco-rating label used by O2, 2010
- Figure: SAP Sustainability Reporting Dashboard, 2011
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