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市場調查報告書
海洋發電技術的將來 : 技術開發，主要成本與將來展望
The Future of Marine Technologies: Technology developments, key costs and the future outlook
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海洋發電技術的將來 : 技術開發，主要成本與將來展望 是由出版商Business Insights在2010年01月所出版的。
這份英文市場調查報告書包含146 pages 價格從美金2875起跳。
本報告書包含有各種海洋發電技術開發動向的調查分析，包含海洋資源概要，海洋能源的捕捉手段及技術，裝置，前導計畫動向，各種技術的經濟學與商業化可能，海洋發電技術展望等等，概述如下。
總綱
第1章 緒論
第2章 海洋能源資源
- 緒論
- 全球資源水準
- 波浪能源
- 潮汐能源
- 温度變化
- 鹽分變化
- 海洋資源映像
第3章 OTEC：海洋温度差發電
- 緒論
- 背景
- 熱引擎效率
- OTEC構造
- 開放循環OTEC
- OTEC計畫
- 主要課題・發展
- 關於環境的考察
- 經濟學
第4章 海浪發電
- 緒論
- 波浪能源捕捉裝置的各種型態
- 前導計畫
- 對環境的影響
- 經濟學
第5章 潮流技術
第6章 關於防潮堰發電所
第7章 利用鹽分改變發電
- 緒論
- 利用鹽分區域差抽出能源
- 關於環境的考察
- 成本
第8章 海洋發電的經濟學
第9章 海洋發電技術展望
圖表
Abstract
Many of the world' s potential renewable energy resources are being exploited
today to generate electricity. The main exception is marine energy, the energy
contained in various forms in the world' s seas and oceans. This situation
looks set to change as the challenge of combating global warming inspires a
renewed search for methods to extract marine energy from our seas. Wave power
and systems that can exploit the movement of water generated by the tides are
attracting the most attention but methods for using the warm seas in the
tropics to produce electricity and even the attempts to extract energy
released when salt and fresh water mix are now coming under the gaze of
scientists and technicians too. Some of the resulting technologies remain far
from commercial implementation but several are now close to commercialization.
With all but tidal barrage power plants still in an early stage of development
and no commercial plants of any other type in operation, assessing the
economics of marine power generation technologies today depends on projections
based on early prototypes of early demonstration units. Today these are
generally more costly than alternative forms of power generation, both
conventional and renewable. However the example of the wind power market shows
that costs can fall dramatically as both technology improves and economies of
scale are realized. Some early predictions suggest that some marine
technologies might be cheaper than wind power but the level of uncertainty in
such predictions is high. The energy contained within the marine environment
is vast and if it could be exploited economically to generate electric power
the rewards could be equally large. The five types of technology considered in
this report are all potentially capable of tapping the resource, each in a
different way. Today only one of these is capable of being considered as a
commercial proposition but over the next five to ten years others among them
should be able to prove themselves. Interest in these technologies is
widespread but the greatest activity is found today in the UK and Europe.
There is an increasing level of activity in North America too, particularly in
the US who' s west coast offers some good marine potential. Elsewhere activity
is generally at a lower level. Commercial opportunities are likely to develop
rapidly over the second decade of the century.
Table of Contents
Executive summary
- Introduction
- Ocean energy resources
- Ocean thermal energy conversion
- Wave power generation
- Tidal stream technologies
- Tidal barrage power plants
- Salinity gradient power generation
- The economics of marine power generation
- The prospects for marine power generation technologies
Chapter 1 Introduction
- Summary
- Marine energy resources
- Energy capture technologies
- The structure of the report
Chapter 2 Ocean energy resources
- Introduction
- Global resource levels
- Wave energy
- Tidal power
- Thermal gradient
- Salinity gradient
- Mapping marine resources
Chapter 3 Ocean thermal energy conversion
- Introduction
- Background
- Heat engine efficiency
- OTEC configurations
- Open cycle OTEC
- OTEC projects
- Major challenges and developments
- Environmental considerations
- Economics
Chapter 4 Wave power generation
- Introduction
- History of wave energy capture
- Types of wave energy capture device
- Shore line and near shore devices
- Oscillating water columns
- Tapered channels and overtopping devices
- Oscillating flaps
- Offshore wave energy converters
- Floats, wave pumps and swings
- Snakes, ducks and pontoons
- Piezo-electric converters
- Intermittency and wave energy
- Wave energy pilot projects
- Environmental impact
- Economics
Chapter 5 Tidal stream technologies
- Introduction
- Tidal stream energy
- Tidal stream technology
- Horizontal axis tidal stream turbines
- Vertical axis tidal stream turbines
- Cross flow turbines
- Hydrofoils
- Other tidal current systems
- Tidal stream pilot projects
- Environmental considerations
- The economics of tidal stream power generation
Chapter 6 Tidal barrage power plants
- Introduction
- Tidal barrage principles
- Bunded reservoirs and tidal lagoons
- Tidal turbines
- Tidal barrages
- Seawater pumped storage
- Tidal barrage projects
- Environmental considerations
- The economics of tidal barrages
Chapter 7 Salinity gradient power generation
- Introduction
- Extracting power from a salinity gradient
- Osmotic power
- Vapor compression
- Hydrocratic generation
- Reversed electrodialysis
- Environmental considerations
- Costs
Chapter 8 The economics of marine power generation
- Introduction
- Comparisons with wind energy
- Installed cost of marine technologies
- Cost of electricity from marine power generation technologies
Chapter 9 The prospects for marine power generation technologies
- Introduction
- Comparative costs of power generation
- Wave and tidal stream power
- Tidal barrage power plants
- Ocean thermal energy technology
- Salinity gradient power generation
- Conclusions
- Index
List of Figures
- Figure 2.1: Ocean energy resources, (TWh/y)
- Figure 2.2: Ocean energy potential generating capacity, (GW)
- Figure 2.3: US wave energy potential, (TWh/y)
- Figure 2.4: US tidal current potential, (TWh/y)
- Figure 3.5: Theoretical OTEC efficiencies
- Figure 3.6: Life cycle carbon dioxide emissions from OTEC plants
- Figure 3.7: Costs for a 100MW floating OTEC plant
- Figure 4.8: Annual wave energy content for different regions, (kW/m)
- Figure 4.9: Estimated installation costs for wave energy converters
- Figure 4.10: Estimated cost of electricity from wave energy plants
- Figure 5.11: Tidal current turbine size required to sweep out a power
density of 1MW at different current speeds
- Figure 5.12: Water current power swept out by a 10m diameter turbine at
different current speeds
- Figure 5.13: Estimated installed cost ($/kW) of tidal stream generation in
North America
- Figure 6.14: Tidal reach at best global sites, (m)
- Figure 6.15: Global tidal sites with largest energy potential
- Figure 8.16: Cost estimates for generation in the UK (£/kW)
- Figure 9.17: Comparative installed cost of generating technologies
(£/kW), UK
- Figure 9.18: Cost of electricity from competing technologies
(£/MWh), UK
- Figure 9.19: Levelized cost of electricity from competing technologies
($/MWh), California
- Figure 9.20: Island states with potential OTEC
List of Tables
- Table 2.1: Ocean energy resources, (TWh/y)
- Table 2.2: Ocean energy potential generating capacity, (GW)
- Table 2.3: US wave energy potential, (TWh/y)
- Table 2.4: US tidal current potential, (TWh/y)
- Table 3.5: Theoretical OTEC efficiencies
- Table 3.6: OTEC plant configurations
- Table 3.7: Life cycle carbon dioxide emissions from OTEC plants
- Table 3.8: Costs for a 100MW floating OTEC plant
- Table 4.9: Annual wave energy content for different regions, (kW/m)
- Table 4.10: Types of wave energy converter
- Table 4.11: Estimated installation costs for wave energy converters
- Table 4.12: Estimated cost of electricity from wave energy plants
- Table 5.13: Tidal current turbine size required to sweep out a power
density of 1MW at different current speeds
- Table 5.14: Water current power swept out by a 10m diameter turbine at
different current speeds
- Table 5.15: Types of tidal stream power generation devices
- Table 5.16: Cost estimates for tidal stream power generation
- Table 5.17: Economics of tidal stream generation in North America
- Table 6.18: Tidal reach at best global sites, (m)
- Table 6.19: Global tidal sites with largest energy potential
- Table 6.20: Major tidal barrage power plants
- Table 7.21: Types of salinity gradient power generation
- Table 8.22: Marine power generation costs
- Table 8.23: Cost estimates for generation in the UK
- Table 9.24: Comparative installed cost of generating technologies
(£/kW), UK
- Table 9.25: Cost of electricity from competing technologies (£/MWh),
UK
- Table 9.26: Levelized cost of electricity from competing technologies
($/MWh), California
- Table 9.27: European growth prospects for wave and tidal stream
technologies
- Table 9.28: Island states with potential OTEC
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