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市場調查報告書

次世代之生質燃料：市場促進因素、成長機會、規範之變更

Next Generation Biofuels: Market drivers, growth opportunities and regulatory change

出版商	Business Insights
出版日期	2010年01月	商品編碼	106670
內容資訊	英文 190 pages
價格	US $ 2875 PDF by E-mail (Single User License) US $ 10781 PDF by E-mail (Global Site License)

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次世代之生質燃料：市場促進因素、成長機會、規範之變更 是由出版商Business Insights在2010年01月所出版的。這份英文市場調查報告書包含190 pages 價格從美金2875起跳。

簡介

對全球既有之能源經濟若不做任何努力，預計2030年為止全球之二氧化碳排放量將超越現今之50％以上。

本報告為，分析全球生質燃料市場，並依全球需要，將第二世代、第三世代之生質燃料、區域別之市場趨勢與預測、各國之規範趨勢做匯整，以下列摘要形式闡述。

實施概要

第1章簡介

第2章何謂生質燃料

概要
全球能源需要
生物質
何謂生質燃料
目前使用之生質燃料

第3章次世代：最新生質燃料

概要
簡介
第二世代之生質燃料
第三世代之生質燃料

第4章生質燃料預測

概要
簡介
本章之結論

第5章生質燃料之促進因素與阻礙因素

概要
促進因素
阻礙因素

第6章生質燃料經濟

概要
簡介
生質燃料經濟
本章之結論

第7章生質燃料市場規模與預測

概要
全球能源需要
生質燃料市場規模

第8章生質燃料之政策與規範

概要
簡介
再生性能源目標
生質燃料目標
區域別之生質燃料政策概要
本章之結論
本報告之結論
縮寫說明
能源量與轉換率
索引

圖表

As the world' s population grows and developing countries look to expand their economies, this insatiable demand for fossil fuels is unlikely to show any sign of easing, with oil and gas accounting for 60% of the world' s increasing energy demand between now and 2030. Furthermore, with most significant reserves of fossil fuels unevenly distributed throughout the world, energy security is set to become an increasingly critical economic and political issue over the coming decades.

Real or perceived disruptions to the global supply of fossil fuels - notably crude oil - are likely to grow in frequency and cause wild fluctuations in the price of energy, as they have done so in the past. However, one of the most pressing reasons for seeking alternative sources of energy and fuel lies in the form of climate change. The combustion of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide (CO2), a potent 'greenhouse gas' (GHG), which are considered to be responsible for 'global warming' .

According to the IEA, if no changes are made to the world' s existing energy economy, related emissions of CO2 will grow marginally faster than energy use, meaning that by 2030 global CO2 emissions will be more than 50% higher than today. Over two-thirds of that projected increase in emissions is expected to come from emerging economies, such as India, China - both of which are set to rely heavily on coal-based power stations to drive their rapidly developing economies.

The combination of biomass and biofuels accounted for around 26% of the world' s total renewable energy production in 2008. Second generation biofuels have been developed due to limitations of first generation biofuels, primarily that the resources used threatens food supplies. Second generation biofuels production processes include use a variety of non-food crops such as waste biomass, the stalks of wheat, corn, wood and miscanthus. Second generation biofuels use biomass to liquid technology, such as cellulosic biofuels from non-food crops.

'Third generation biofuel' primarily references fuel derived from algae. Algae fuel is not yet commercially available or viable due to cost constraints, but through various laboratory experiments promising results have been obtained. In 2008, the US Department of Energy noted that algae can produce 30 times more energy per acre than land crops such as soybeans.

Executive summary

What are biofuels?
Next generation biofuels
Industry forecasts for biofuels
Biofuels drivers and inhibitors
The biofuels economy
Biofuels market size and forecasts
Biofuels policies and regulations

Chapter 1 Introduction

Audience
How to read this report

Chapter 2 What are biofuels?

Summary
World energy demand
Climate change
Renewable energy
Biomass
- What is biomass?
- Population, energy consumption and biomass
- Regional resources
What are biofuels?
- Solid biofuels
- Liquid biofuels
- Gas biofuels
Biofuels in current use
- Ethanol
- Distribution, storage and blending
- End-use
Biodiesel
- Distribution, storage, blending
- End-use

Chapter 3 Next generation - advanced biofuels

Summary
Introduction
Second generation biofuels
- Second generation biofuels under development
  - Biohydrogen
  - BioDME
  - Biomethanol
  - Butonal and Isobutanol
  - Dimethylfuran (DMF)
  - Hydro Thermal Upgrading (HTU) diesel
  - Fischer-Tropsch fuels
  - Bioconversion of biomass to mixed alcohol fuels
  - Wood diesel
- Key players in second generation biofuels
- Market possibilities for second generation biofuels
Third generation biofuel
- Algae fuel
- Background
- Limitations of previous biofuels
- Algae types
- Algae cultivation
  - Photo-bioreactors
  - Closed loop systems
  - Open pond systems
- Algae fuel potential
- Development timeline
- Aircraft biofuels testing
- Key players for third generation biofuel
- Market possibilities for algae biofuel

Chapter 4 Forecasts for biofuels

Summary
Introduction
- Economic competitiveness of biofuels and biomass
- Biofuels technology development
- Biofuels drivers and inhibitors
Chapter conclusion

Chapter 5 Biofuels drivers and inhibitors

Summary
Market background
Drivers of the biofuels market
- Greenhouse gases and environmental concerns
- Regulatory incentives/pressure
- Concern about energy security
- Rising cost of existing fuel supplies
- Consumer pressure
Inhibitors of the biofuels market
- The biofuels economy
- Sustainability concerns and the rising price of food crops
- Limited biofuels infrastructure
- Biomass and land availability

Chapter 6 The biofuels economy

Summary
Introduction
- American market
- American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
- Biofuels new direction away from corn-based ethanol
The biofuels economy
- Production costs
- Cost of distribution
- Cost at filling station
- Third generation algae fuel costs
- Algae fuel leading players costs comparison
- Transport fuel blends
Car costs and fuel efficiency
Chapter conclusion

Chapter 7 Biofuels market size and forecasts

Summary
Worldwide energy demand
Biofuels market sizing
- Worldwide
  - Ethanol
  - Biodiesel
- Europe
  - Ethanol
  - Biodiesel
- US
  - Ethanol
  - Biodiesel
- Brazil
  - Ethanol
  - Biodiesel
- India
  - India' s fuel economy
  - Ethanol
  - Biodiesel
- China
  - China' s fuel economy
  - Ethanol
  - Biodiesel
  - China working with the US for biofuels development

Chapter 8 Biofuels policies and regulations

Summary
Introduction
- Policy frameworks
Renewable energy targets
- Kyoto Protocol
- European Union
- US
  - Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS)
  - Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS)
- Developing nations
Biofuels targets
Biofuels policy overview by region
- The European Union
  - Biofuels Directive
  - Directive 2003/96/EC
  - Incentives for biofuels
  - Tax incentives
- The United States
- US Energy Policy Act 2005
- Brazil
  - Proalcool Program
- India
  - Biodiesel policy
  - Bioethanol policy
China
- National Biomass Ethanol Gasoline Project
- The Renewable Energy Law of the People' s Republic of China
Chapter conclusion
Report conclusion
Abbreviations
Energy content and conversion rates
Index

List of Figures

Figure 2.1: World renewable energy, 2008
Figure 2.2: Current and predicted EU biomass resources (Mtoe/y)
Figure 2.3: Current and potential US biomass resources (Million dry tonnes/y), 2005
Figure 2.4: Potential power generation from biomass among ASEAN countries (MW)
Figure 2.5: Breakdown of currently available biomass in China by type
Figure 2.6: Maximum regional bioenergy production potential, 2050
Figure 2.7: Typical oil extraction from 100kg of oil seeds (kg)
Figure 3.8: Global biosphere, 1998
Figure 3.9: Biofuels time period to availability (years), 2009
Figure 3.10: Cushing, OK WTI Oil Spot Price FOB prices (Dollars per Barrel), 1986-2009
Figure 4.11: Relative competitiveness of alternative energies in five years, 2009
Figure 4.12: Relative economic competitiveness of biofuels now and in the next five years, 2009
Figure 4.13: What proportion of global fuel production will biofuels account for by 2020?
Figure 4.14: Within how long will biofuels account for the primary source of global fuel production?
Figure 4.15: Which regions will lead the development of biofuels over the next five years?
Figure 4.16: How important will the following factors be in driving the biofuels market over the next five years?
Figure 4.17: How important will the following factors be in inhibiting the biofuels market over the next five years?
Figure 4.18: Biofuels impact on global food crop prices, 2009
Figure 5.19: Projected world energy demand to 2030 (Mtoe)
Figure 5.20: Growth in energy demand by region (2000-2030)
Figure 5.21: Projected worldwide oil consumption (million barrels per day), 2005-2025
Figure 5.22: Average annual oil price (US$ per barrel), 2008
Figure 5.23: Opting for green energy is one behavioural aspect of rising environmental attitudes
Figure 5.24: The potential biomass availability of EU15, AC10 and/or Europe according to five studies (left part of the figure)
Figure 6.25: Cost of distribution and dispensation of various fuels from a central production facility to a filling station (€ /GJ)
Figure 6.26: Costs of various biofuels at the filling station using existing technology (2004)
Figure 6.27: An algae production process, 2009
Figure 6.28: Algal fuel capacity projections 2009-2014, 2009
Figure 6.29: Gasoline ethanol (kpa/%v/v), 2008
Figure 6.30: Car costs (€ ) and fuel efficiencies (km/GJ of fuel) of passenger cars by fuel and engine system
Figure 7.31: Worldwide biofuels fuel production volume (billion liters), 2008
Figure 7.32: Global bioethanol production growth (thousand tons of oil equivalent), 1998-2008
Figure 7.33: Top bioethanol producing countries (thousand tons of oil equivalent), 2008
Figure 7.34: Biodiesel (million L/a), 2009
Figure 7.35: Bioethanol in Europe (million L/a), 2008
Figure 7.36: Biodiesel production in Europe (million liters/annum), 2009
Figure 7.37: EU market share of biodiesel production in 2008 (%), 2009
Figure 7.38: Projected US ethanol production (billions of gallons), 2006-2012
Figure 7.39: US ethanol market revenue forecast ($bn), 2006-2012
Figure 7.40: US bioethanol development (million L/a), 2009
Figure 7.41: US biodiesel (million L/a), 2009
Figure 7.42: Brazil biofuels development (million L/a), 2009
Figure 8.43: Renewable fuels targets in the US (billions of gallons per year), 2006-2012
Figure 8.44: EU biofuels targets, 2008

List of Tables

Table 2.1: World renewable energy, 2008
Table 2.2: Population, energy consumption and biomass contribution in selected regions, 2005
Table 2.3: Current and predicted EU biomass resources (Mtoe/y)
Table 2.4: Current and potential US biomass resources (Million dry tons/y), 2005
Table 2.5: Potential power generation from biomass among ASEAN countries (MW)
Table 2.6: Breakdown of currently available biomass in China by type
Table 2.7: Maximum regional bioenergy production potential, 2050
Table 2.8: Typical oil extraction from 100kg of oil seeds (kg)
Table 3.9: Comparison of first and second generation biofuels
Table 3.10: Biofuels comparison (Liters of oil yields (hectares/year)), to 2009
Table 3.11: Viable Bio-SPK feedstock alternatives, 2009
Table 3.12: Fuel property comparisons: Neat, 2009
Table 3.13: Fuel property comparisons: Blends, 2009
Table 5.14: Projected world energy demand to 2030
Table 5.15: Growth in energy demand by region (2000-2030)
Table 5.16: Projected worldwide oil consumption (million barrels per day), 2005-2025
Table 5.17: CO2 equivalent emissions savings from biofuels (g/km), 2006
Table 5.18: Average annual oil price (US$ per barrel), 2008
Table 5.19: Key barriers for biofuels
Table 6.20: Production costs of biofuels from various crops
Table 6.21: Cost of distribution and dispensation of various fuels from a central production facility to a filling station (€ /GJ)
Table 6.22: Costs of various biofuels at the filling station using existing technology (2004)
Table 6.23: Cost comparison of biofuels with gasoline fossil fuels
Table 6.24: Cost estimates of various biofuels at the filling station using future technology, post- 2010
Table 6.25: Cost of harvesting, dewatering and drying algae, 2009
Table 6.26: Top biofuels companies, 2009
Table 6.27: Algal fuel capacity projections 2009-2014, 2009
Table 7.28: Comparison of worldwide fuel production from hydrocarbon sources versus biomass sources, 2005
Table 7.29: Worldwide biofuels fuel production volume (bn liters), 2008
Table 7.30: Amounts of raw materials to meet worldwide fuel demand, 2005
Table 7.31: Global bioethanol production (thousand tons of oil equivalent), 2008
Table 7.32: Biodiesel (million L/a), 2008
Table 7.33: Bioethanol in Europe (million L/a), 2008
Table 7.34: EU bioethanol production, supply and demand (1,000MT)
Table 7.35: EU bioethanol production - number of plants and capacity (1,000 MT)
Table 7.36: Feedstock use for bioethanol production (1,000MT)
Table 7.37: EU bioethanol consumption - main consumers (1,000 MT)
Table 7.38: EU bioethanol and gasoline consumption (Ktoe)
Table 7.39: Biodiesel production in Europe (millions liters/annum), 2009
Table 7.40: EU Biodiesel production - number of plants and capacity (1,000 MT)
Table 7.41: EU market share of biodiesel production in 2008 (%), 2009
Table 7.42: Feedstock use for biodiesel production (1,000MT), 2009
Table 7.43: EU biodiesel consumption (1,000MT), 2009
Table 7.44: EU biodiesel and diesel consumption (Ktoe), 2009
Table 7.45: Projected US ethanol production (billions of gallons), 2006-2012
Table 7.46: US ethanol market revenue forecast (US$bn), 2006-2012
Table 7.47: US bioethanol development (million L/a), 2009
Table 7.48: Existing and future ethanol capacity in the US, 2009
Table 7.49: US biodiesel (million L/a), 2009
Table 7.50: Ethanol profile comparison of the US and Brazil (2006)
Table 7.51: Brazil biofuels development (million L/a), 2009
Table 7.52: Brazilian biodiesel production, supply and demand (January-December, 000 Liters), 2009
Table 7.53: Brazilian fuel consumption matrix (000 m3)
Table 7.54: Brazilian soybeans and products production (000 hectares, 000 metric tons)
Table 7.55: Brazilian cotton and products production (000 hectares, 000 metric tons)
Table 7.56: Projected demand and supply of ethanol in India for 5% blend with gasoline
Table 7.57: India' s ethanol requirement for 5% blending with gasoline sugar
Table 7.58: India' s production & distribution of molasses and alcohol/ethanol in sugar (million Tons/ million Liters), 2008
Table 7.59: Projected demand for gasoline and diesel in India to 2012 (MT)
Table 7.60: Diesel and biodiesel demand in India using Jatropha (MT)
Table 7.61: China' s major biodiesel plants production capacity (MT), 2008
Table 8.62: Biofuels infrastructure profiles,Q209
Table 8.63: Mechanisms to incentivize renewable energy generation
Table 8.64: EU renewable energy targets for 2020 (%)
Table 8.65: Renewable fuels targets in the US (billions of gallons per year), 2006-2012
Table 8.66: Biofuels energy targets
Table 8.67: Biofuels policy overview of selected countries

Press Release

生質能源以及生質燃料約佔了2008年全球可再生能源生產量的26%

2010年02月24日

日商環球訊息(股)有限公司開始販售英國的市場調查機構Business Insights，所發行的調查報告「Next Generation Biofuels: Market drivers, growth opportunities and regulatory change（次世代生質燃料：市場促進發展因素、成長商機、法規變化）」。

IEA（國際能源總署）表示，如果目前全球的能源經濟沒有任何變化的情況下，預估全球的CO2排放量至2030年將會增加超過50%。而所增加排放量中的3分之2，預期將會是由印度、中國等新興經濟各國所排放。此外，該兩國，為了支持快速發展中的本國經濟，持續非常依賴使用煤礦的發電廠。

生質能源與生質燃料，於2008年全球可再生能源的生產量中，合計佔了26%。第2代的生質燃料，主要是由於第1代生質燃料的資源使用上，有威脅到糧食供給的缺點，而被開發出來。第2代生質燃料的生產製程為，使用生質廢棄物、小麥的莖、木材以及芒草等各種非食用穀物。利用非食用穀物所製作的纖維素生質燃料等的第2代生質燃料，為使用液態生質燃料技術。而第3代的生質燃料，主要是利用海藻類所提煉的燃料，雖然海藻類燃料由於成本問題，尚未被商業化‧實用化，但是經由各種實驗證明它是可有所期待的。2008年美國能源署指出，1英畝的海藻類比起大豆等農作物，可產出高達30倍以上的能源。

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次世代之生質燃料：市場促進因素、成長機會、規範之變更

Next Generation Biofuels: Market drivers, growth opportunities and regulatory change

簡介