Abstract
This report extends Practel' s research on the Intelligent Transportation
System. It analyzes a wide variety of issues associated with the development
of the transportation industry, including:
Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) and Information and Communications
Technologies (ICT)-shows their inter-relation and the ITS role in the
reduction of transport pollutions. Details ITS structure and applications with
emphasis on a road towards the green society. Details applications of ICT in
transport- progress in the developing of radar and communications to reduce
the probability of accidents. Provides a projection of the current ITS
progress into integration with Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN). Provides the
market estimate of ITS segments.
ITS make it possible to imagine a future in which cars will be able to foresee
and avoid collisions, navigate the quickest route to their destination, making
use of up-to-the minute traffic reports, identify the nearest available
parking slot and minimize cars carbon emissions. The main motivation for ITS
is the improvement of road safety; as a byproduct to this, ITS plays a
significant role in the mitigation of the GHG affect on our environment-there
are estimates that in the mature development ITS may reduce the amount of
pollutions from transport by 35%-50%.
Standards work in ITS have been ongoing for more than 30 years, including such
organizations as ITU, ETSI, IEEE, and ISO.
ITS development, at the present time, mostly concentrated on a car itself; an
exception is “intelligent” tolling. Symbiosis of car operation
functions with enhancement supported by radar and telecommunications
technologies seems to be a very effective way to construct a car as a part of
ITS. The goal is to reduce probability of driver' s mistakes, which are the
main cause of accidents. This goal can be achieved by putting a burden to
analyze the road situation and to make decisions based on such an analysis on
a computer. Such a computer operation is supported by radars for sensing the
road situation and by telecommunications devices to communicate with other
vehicles, an intelligent road and law enforcement/emergency personnel.
This report addresses ITS telecommunications and radar technologies and related markets:
A) The report analyzes technologies and markets for CDPS - Collision
Detection and Prevention Systems. They include two classes of systems: RCDPS
- Radar CDPS and CCDPS - Communications CDPS. Devices, which belong to
different classes, can work either independently, or together, supporting each
other.
This report shows that both classes of the devices were adopted from other
industries, namely radar and telecommunications. This adoption requires a lot
of adjustment and design of the systems specific for the car collision
prevention application. The report analyzes the CDPS market and provides a
market forecast for 2009-2013. The analysis is based on the author' s model of
the market; and it is using publicly available information as well as results
of interviews with vendors.
B) This report also addresses marketing and technological issues of
specific wireless technologies for ITS. Particular, the following evolving
technologies and specific projects were considered:
- 1. 5.9 GHz DSRC- This technology, as it seen today, may eventually replace
the 915 MHz DSRC in the U.S. and the 5.8 GHz DSRC in Europe. 5.9 GHz DSRC is
the emerging communication technology that offers standardized ITS products
and benefits in national large-scale deployments. U.S. DOT and the automotive
OEMs are the strategic players making deployment decisions in the 2009-2010
timeframe. 5.9 GHz DSRC systems provide a significant enhancement in
communication capabilities over all previous ITS systems. DSRC will support
multiple uses in vehicle / public safety and commercial applications that
cannot be achieved today. DSRC is a cost-effective communication service,
especially when compared with current cellular and satellite systems.
- 2. CALM (Continuous Air-interface, Long and Medium Range) represents an
ambitious attempt to provide a platform for a wide range of future
communications requirements for ITS. As such, it cuts across several ongoing
standards-making efforts, including those of the ITU (like NGN). The aim of
CALM is to provide wide area communications to support ITS applications that
work equally well on a variety of different network platforms, including 2G
(GSM/GPRS), 3G (IMT-2000), 4G (IMT Advanced); as well as satellite, microwave,
mm-wave, infrared, WiMax and short - range technologies like WiFi.
- 3. The report also concentrates on the analysis of multiple ITS networking
projects that are in various stages of development in different countries.
These projects, which are organized by the industry and governmental agencies
with participation of standard organizations (such as ETSI, CEN, IEEE and
other) are testing various technologies to find and define optimal ways to
enhance ITS with reliable means of communications. It seems that 5.9 GHz DSRC
is in the wining position to be used for many ITS applications-it was recently
approved for use in Europe (though Japan and some other countries utilize
different technologies). CALM is coming into the play as an “universal
platform” allowing utilization of a set of wireless protocols.
C) The report is analyzing the ITS industry and provides survey of
manufacturers portfolios.
D) The report shows that in the foreseeable future ITS may need help
from USN. Together, they streamline the road for a “fully networked
car”, which is a prerequisite to the “fully automated car”-
the car that drives with minimum human participation and is a part of
“green transportation”.
E) The report emphasizes a significance of ITS contributions into the
green society development.
Research Methodology
Considerable research was done using the Internet. Information from various
Web sites was studied and analyzed. Evaluation of publicly available marketing
and technical publications was conducted. Telephone conversations and
interviews were held with industry analysts, technical experts and executives.
In addition to these interviews and primary research, secondary sources were
used to develop a more complete mosaic of the market landscape, including
industry and trade publications, conferences and seminars.
The overriding objective throughout the work has been to provide valid and
relevant information. This has led to a continual review and update of the
information content.
Target Audience
This report is important to a wide population of researches, technical and
sales staff involved in the developing of high-speed wireless services and
products for transportation. It is recommended for both service providers and
vendors that are working with related technologies. The report also helps to
understand issues associated with relationship between ITS wireless
communications and other technologies; as well it can be used by a wide
audience of researches, analysts and other who are working to make our planet
ecologically safe.
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction
- 1.1 Goal
- 1.2 Scope
- 1.3 Research Methodology
- 1.4 Target Audience
2.0 Intelligent Transportation Systems
- 2.1 General
- 2.2 History: U.S.
- 2.3 ITS Architecture: U.S.
- 2.3.1 Global ITS Development
- 2.4 Technologies
- 2.5 ITS Applications
- 2.5.1 ITS and Climate Change
- 2.6 National Transportation Communications for ITS Protocol (NTCIP)
3.0 5.9 GHz DSRC Basis
- 3.1 General
- 3.2 IEEE 802.11p
- 3.2.1 General
- 3.2.2 Objectives and Status
- 3.2.3 5.9 GHz Transmission Advantages
- 3.2.4 Major Features
- 3.3 IEEE 1609
- 3.3.1 General
- 3.3.2 Overview
- 3.3.3 IEEE 1609 in Use
- 3.4 ITU-T Work
4.0 5.9 GHz DSRC Development
- 4.1 History
- 4.2 Equipment
- 4.3 Details: Dedicated Short Range Communications
- 4.4 Channel Designation
- 4.5 Place
- 4.6 Applications
- 4.7 DSRC (5.9 GHz) Transmission Characteristics (U.S.)
- 4.8 DSRC at Work
- 4.8.1 Service Categories
- 4.8.2 Requirements: DSRC
- 4.9 Regulation
- 4.9.1 Licensing
- 4.10 Comparison
5.0 DSRC Worldwide Standard Activity
6.0 5.9 GHz DSRC Benefits and Limitations
- 6.1 General
- 6.1.2 Toll Industry Benefits
- 6.1.3 ITS for Green Society
- 6.2 Limitations
7.0 5.9 GHz DSRC Market
- 7.1 Market Drivers
- 7.2 Market Requirements
- 7.3 Data
- 7.4 Market Estimate
8.0 DSRC Vendors
- Arinc
- Kapsch
- Mark IV
- Oki
- Q-Free
- Raytheon
- Savari
- Sirit
- TransCore
- TechnoCom
9.0 CALM: Continuous Air-interface, Long and Medium Range
- 9.1 Goals
- 9.1.1 Vehicle- Infrastructure
- 9.2 Specifics
- 9.3 ISO TC 204 WG 16
- 9.4 CALM: International Efforts
- 9.5 CALM: Applications
- 9.6 Issues
10.0 CEN and ITU
- 10.1 General
- 10.2 CEN and ITS
- 10.3 ITU
11.0 ETSI
12.0 IETF
13.0 Prevent
14.0 Activity-Major Wireless Communications-Related ITS Projects
15.0 Companies
- EFKON AG
- G.E.A
- IRD
- Inrix
- PhyChips
- Thales
16.0 CDPS-Collision Detection and Prevention Systems
- 16.1 General
- 16.2 Need for CDPS
- 16.3 Why CDPS
- 16.4 Classification
- 16.5 Current View
- 16.5.1 History and Systems Examples
- 16.6 CDPS Classifications
- 16.6.1 Functional Classification
- 16.6.1.1 Advisory Collision Avoidance Systems
- 16.6.1.2 Collision Warning Systems
- 16.6.1.3 Automated Crash Avoidance Systems
- 16.6.2 CDPS based on Crash Type
- 16.6.2.1 Single Vehicle Road Departure
- 16.6.2.2. Collisions at Intersections
- 16.7 Benefits
- 16.8 Issues
- 16.9 Technology
- 16.9.1 General
- 16.9.2 The CDPS Evolution Process
- 16.9.3 Technological Structure
- 16.9.4 RCDPS
- 16.9.4.1 Types
- 16.9.4.2 Structures
- 16.9.4.2.1 Standards
- 16.9.4.3 Frequency Bands
- 16.9.4.4 Radar: RF and Optical
- 16.9.4.5 Properties
- 16.9.4.6 Advances
- 16.9.4.7 Future Evolution
- 16.9.5 CCDPS
- 16.9.5.1 General
- 16.9.5.2 Structures
- 16.9.5.3 Global Positioning Satellites
- 16.9.5.4 CCDPS Informative
- 16.9.5.5 Do not Disturb
- 16.9.5.6 What CCDPS Can Do
- 16.9.5.7 “Collective” Car
- 16.9.5.8 Navigation
- 16.9.5.9 Telematics
- 16.9.5.9.1 General
- 16.9.5.9.2 Trends
- 16.10 Market
- 16.10.1 Market Drivers
- 16.10.1.1 OPEX and CAPEX Savings
- 16.10.1.2 Technological Factor
- 16.10.2 Market Specifics
- 16.10.3 Market Barriers
- 16.10.4 Market Forecast
- 16.10.4.1 Model Assumptions
- 16.10.4.2 CDPS Market Size Estimate
- 16.10.4.3 Market Segmentation
- 16.11 CDPS Technical-Economical Characteristics: Summary
- 16.11.1 RCDPS
- 16.11.2 CCDPS
- 16.11.3 Pricing
- 16.12 Market Players
- Advantech
- Arinc
- Autoliv
- Cambridge Consultants, Ltd
- Cambridge Systematics
- DENSO
- Chrysler (Bankrupt as of April 2009)
- Continental
- Delphi Corporation
- Eaton Corp.
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Hitachi
- Honda
- Intergraph
- Iteris
- M/A Com - TYCO Electronics (The Division was acquired by Autoliv in 2008)
- Microsoft
- Mitsubishi
- Motorola
- NEC
- Satellite Security Systems
- Siemens
- Tenet (Envitia)
- Toyota
- TRW (Northrop Grumman)
- Valeo Raytheon
- Volkswagen
- Visteon
17.0 ITS and Green Society
- 17.1 General
- 17.2 Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN)
- 17.2.2 Definition
- 17.2.3 Task
- 17.2.4 Comparison
- 17.2.5 Standardization Activity
- 17.2.5.1 ITU-T
- 17.2.5.2 ISO
- 17.3 IETF and IP/WSN
- 17.3.1 Major Projects
- 17.3.1.1 6LoWPAN WG
- 17.3.1.1.1 6LoWPAN Development
- 17.3.1.1.2 NanoStack
- 17.3.1.1.3 Details
- 17.3.1.1.3.1 IEEE802.15.4
- 17.3.1.2 ROLL WG
- 17.4 Major Characteristics of IP-USN
- 17.5 IPSO Alliance (IP for Smart Objects)
- 17.6 USN Applications
- 17.6.1 Climate Change
- 17.6.1.1 Relationship
- 17.6.1.2 USN - ITU-T
- 17.6.2 Examples
- 17.6.3 Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) and ITS
- 17.6.4 ITS Evolution
18.0 Conclusions
APPENDIX I: ISO ITS Standards
APPENDIX II: ITS-related National and International Standards
APPENDIX III: ITS - Comparison of Wireless Communications Standards
FIGURES:
- Figure 1: Wireless Communications: ITS Environment
- Figure 2: ITS Architecture
- Figure 3: NTCIP Structure
- Figure 4: Communications Model: WAVE
- Figure 5: ITS-DSRC
- Figure 6: 5.9 GHz DSRC: Spectrum Allocation Details
- Figure 7: Channel Assignment
- Figure 8: Major Categories-5.9 GHz DSRC Services
- Figure 9: Collision Detection/Avoidance System
- Figure 10: Work Zone Warning
- Figure 11: “Smart” Car
- Figure 12: 5.9 GHz DSRC Rate vs. Distance
- Figure 13: Logical Flow
- Figure 14: DSRC Frequencies Planning
- Figure 15: 5.9 GHz DSRC Program Schedule
- Figure 16: N.A. 5.9 GHz DSRC Program
- Figure 17: Addressable Market NA: 5.9 GHz DSRC Tag Sale ($M)
- Figure 18: Addressable Market NA: 5.9 GHz DSRC Tags Sale (Unit 000)
- Figure 19: Addressable Market NA: 5.9 GHz DSRC Readers Sale (Unit 000)
- Figure 20: Addressable Market NA: 5.9 GHz DSRC Readers Sale ($M)
- Figure 21: CALM: Infrastructure-Vehicle
- Figure 22: CALM Architecture
- Figure 23: Modern Car Collision Avoidance
- Figure 24: CDPS Addressable Market ($B)
- Figure 25: Proportion: RCDPS and CCDPS (%) 2008 View
- Figure 26: Proportion: RCDPS and CCDPS (%) 2013 View
- Figure 27: CDPS Market Geographic (2009) as % of Manufactured Cars
- Figure 28: Illustration- Green ITS
- Figure 29: Examples-USN Functions
- Figure 30: ITS Evolution Steps
TABLES:
- Table 1: ITS-related Projects
- Table 2: 5.9 GHz DSRC U.S. Characteristics
- Table 3: Events Priorities
- Table 4: Requirements
- Table 5: Service-related Characteristics
- Table 6: 915 MHz and 5.9 GHz DSRC Differences
- Table 7: Summary Standards; 5.9 GHz DSRC
- Table 8: 5.9 GHz DSRC Advantages
- Table 9: DSRC Benefits
- Table 10: CALM-WG16
- Table 11: ETSI ITS-related Standards
- Table 12: Statistics
- Table 13: CDPS Use
- Table 14: Transport: Pollution Ingredients
