Abstract
Brief
This report concerns the development of high-speed (10 Gb/s and up) fiber
optics communications systems in Ultra Long-haul, Long-haul (and partially
Metro) networks.
In particular, it addresses current trends in efficient mitigation of
Chromatic Dispersion for such systems.
It studies the transformation of the Chromatic Dispersion Compensators (CDCs)
market due to commercialization of coherent receivers as well as advanced
methods of modulation and employing of Digital Signal Processing (DSP).
In the analyzed period of time (2012-2016), 10 Gb/s fiber optics systems will
coexist with the newer 40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s systems (as well as, possibly even
with higher transmission rate systems). Traditional CDCs will mainly be used
in 10 Gb/s systems, which market may be on decline starting from 2016-2017
(though, still very significant). Together with this process, the market for
higher rate systems will be growing as they are becoming more cost-efficient
in satisfying user demand for transmission larger volumes of traffic.
Chromatic Dispersion Compensators, in the form known by now, may become
unnecessary for higher rate systems: all work will be done by the coherent
receivers and DSPs, which will prevail in 100 Gb/s and 40 Gb/s transmission
systems (though some 40 Gb/s systems may still be using direct detection).
The report is analyzing technical and marketing aspects of such Chromatic
Dispersion Compensators transformation.
It also includes:
- The analysis of patents related to CDCs - 2010-2012. Such an analysis
relates to the R&D efforts in the discussed time frame. Though not documented,
we also analyzed patents for CDCs granted in 2004-2005; and found out that the
number of patents is on decline:
- The industry survey. Our estimation is that, comparing with 2002-2005,
the number of CDC vendors is declining (20%-30%). Several companies went out
of business, merged or changed their profile;
- Market characteristics for the discussed fiber optics communications
systems; as well as related CDC characteristics.
Target Audience
This report is important to a wide population of researches, technical and
sales staff involved in the developing of the high-speed fiber optics systems.
It is recommended for both service providers and vendors that are working with
related technologies.
Research Methodology
Considerable research was done using the Internet. Information from various
Web sites was studied and analyzed. Evaluation of publicly available marketing
and technical publications was conducted. Telephone conversations and
interviews were held with industry analysts, technical experts and executives.
In addition to these interviews and primary research, secondary sources were
used to develop a more complete mosaic of the market landscape, including
industry and trade publications, conferences and seminars.
The overriding objective throughout the work has been to provide valid and
relevant information. This has led to a continual review and update of the
information content.
Table of Contents
1.0. Introduction
- 1.1. Nature
- 1.2. Phases
- 1.3. Scope
- 1.4. Research Methodology
- 1.5. Target Audience
2.0. Chromatic Dispersion Compensators: Characteristics
- 2.1. Measurements - CD
- 2.1.1. Definitions
- 2.1.2. Tolerance
- 2.2. Fibers and Standards
- 2.2.1. Fiber Types
- 2.2.2. Related Standards
- 2.3. Requirements to CDC
- 2.4. Choices and Types
- 2.4.1. DCF
- 2.4.2. Etalon
- 2.4.3. EDC
- 2.4.4. Fiber Grating
- 2.5. Tunable Dispersion Compensators
- 2.5.1. Issues
- 2.5.2. Approaches
- 2.5.2.1. Supervisory Channel
- 2.5.2.2. General: Tunable Dispersion Compensation
3.0. Direct Detection and Coherent Receiver
- 3.1. Current Situation
- 3.2. Direct Detection
- 3.3. Coherent Detection
- 3.3.1. Benefits
- 3.3.2. Issues
- 3.3.3. Details
4.0. Related Patents
5.0. Industry - Chromatic Dispersion Compensators
- 3S Photonics (DCF) - Acquired by EURAZEO in 2011
- Alnair (FBG)
- Broadcom (ICs)
- ClariPhy (Chips)
- Draka (DCF)
- MRV (DCM)
- Oclaro (Etalon, TDC)
- Proximion (FBG)
- Redfern (FBG)
- Telecom Engineering (FGB, DCF)
- TeraXion (Static, TDC)
6.0. Marketing Trends
7.0. Conclusions
LIST OF FIGURES:
- Figure 1: Dispersion Compensation for SSF
- Figure 2: Penalty
- Figure 3: Details
- Figure 4: Maximum CD Accumulation
- Figure 5: Direct Reception Illustration
- Figure 6: Simplified Coherent Receiver Block Diagram
- Figure 7: TAM: Global Long-haul and Ultra Long-haul Optical Transmission
($B)
- Figure 8: TAM: Global Long-haul and Ultra Long-haul 10 Gb/s Optical
Transmission ($B)
- Figure 9: TAM: Global Long-haul and Ultra Long-haul Fiber Optics
Transmission 40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s ($B)
- Figure 10: TAM: CDC Global Long-haul & Ultra Long-haul Fiber Optics
Transmission (10 Gb/s; $B)
LIST OF TABLES:
- Table 1: G.652D Fiber Parameters
- Table 2: Characteristics
- Table 3: Comparison: From 10 Gb/s to 100 Gb/s
