Abstract
Brief
This report develops and updates the Practel, Inc project on the Ubiquitous
Sensor Network (USN). Particular, it addresses technologies and markets that
contribute to such a network design and implementation; including:
Smart Sensors. Such sensors are creating a basis for the USN development;
they can be grouped by thousands of network nodes and can collect various
informative data to transmit to a main node or a central controller. Smart
Sensors miniaturization, extremely low power consumption and other advanced
features led to the successful implementation of USN islands; as well as
future regional or even country-wide USN.
ZigBee-IEEE802.15.4. The industry insiders agree that this technology is
leading Smart Sensors connectivity; and ZigBee radios are playing and will
continue to play a significant role to advance USN features.
The analysis of USN goals, its benefits, progress and integration with
IP-based technologies.
The analysis of green technology for USN, including developments in radios
with extremely low cycle of transmission, modern batteries that can power a
Smart Sensor node for many years; and the development of self-powered
technologies that utilize ambient power to support Smart Sensors functioning.
This report also surveys a large group of vendors and their products related
to this report subjects.
The report is written for a wide audience of technical and managerial staff
involved in the USN technologies support, design and implementation.
Target Audience
This report provides the USN-WSN technologies and markets analysis and
assessments; it concentrates on the recent developmental trends. The report is
useful for service providers, retail operators, vendors, network operators and
managers, investors and end users seeking to gain a deeper understanding of
USN-WSN-based structures opportunities and barriers.
Research Methodology
Considerable research was done using the Internet. Information from various
Web sites was studied and analyzed; evaluation of publicly available marketing
and technical publications was also conducted. Telephone conversations and
interviews were held with industry analysts, technical experts and executives.
In addition to these interviews and primary research, secondary sources were
used to develop a more complete mosaic of the market landscape, including
industry and trade publications, conferences and seminars.
The overriding objective throughout the work has been to provide valid and
relevant information. This has led to a continual review and update of the
information content.
Table of Contents
1.0. Introduction
- 1.1. General
- 1.2. Developments
- 1.3. Scope
- 1.4. Structure
- 1.5. Research Methodology
- 1.6. Target Audience
2.0. Wireless Smart Sensor Technology
- 2.1. Wireless Smart Sensor Structure and Functionality
- 2.2. Classification
- 2.3. Details
- 2.3.1. WSN-SS
- 2.3.2. Requirements
- 2.4. Networking
- 2.4.1. Features of Mesh Structures
- 2.4.2. Benefits and Limitations
- 2.6. Standardization
- 2.6.1. IEEE 1451: General
- 2.6.2. Family
- 2.6.3. Highlights
- 2.7. ISA 100 Family
- 2.7.1. General
- 2.7.1.1. ISA100 Committee
- 2.7.1.2. ISA-100.11a
- 2.7.2. Solution
- 2.7.3. Specifics and Applications
- 2.8. WirelessHART (HART generation 7)
- 2.8.1. Foundation
- 2.8.2. Details
- 2.8.3. Summary
- 2.8.4. WiTECK
- 2.9. Does the industry need two Standards?
- 2.10. Applications: WSN-SS
- 2.11. Market Characteristics
- 2.11.1. General
- 2.11.2. Market Estimate
- 2.11.3. Trends
- 2.12. Vendors
- BAE Systems
- BBN (RAYTHEON-BBN)
- Crane WMS - Was acquired by Textron in 2010 (WSN-ZigBee)
- Dust Networks (UGS-Mesh)
- Elta (SS)
- Exensor (SS)
- Intel (Chipsets)
- Freescale (sensors)
- Harris (SS)
- IWT (Mesh)
- L3 (SS)
- McQ (SS)
- MeshDynamics (Mesh)
- Memsic
- Millennial Net (Mesh-SS)
- MeshNetics-Atmel (WSN Software)
- Newtrax (WSN-mesh, SS)
- Nelco (SS)
- NorthropGrumman (SS)
- Qual-Tron (SS)
- Rheinmetall (SS)
- Selex Galileo (SS)
- Spinwave (SS)
- Strix (Mesh)
- Telonics
- TextRon (SS)
- Thales (SS)
- Trident (SS-UWB)
- Zeltech
3.0. ZigBee
- 3.2. Specifics
- 3.2.1. Major Features
- 3.2.2. Device Types
- 3.2.3. Protocol Stack
- 3.2.3.1. Physical and MAC layers - IEEE802.15.4
- 3.2.3.2. Frame
- 3.2.3.3. Upper Layers
- 3.2.4. Interoperability
- 3.2.5. Security
- 3.2.6. Platform Considerations
- 3.2.6.1. Battery Life
- 3.2.6.2. ZigBee Technology Benefits and Limitations
- 3.2.7. Standardization Process
- 3.2.8. Example: Smart Energy Profile
- 3.2.8.1. Features
- 3.2.8.2. Smart Energy Profile v.2.0
- 3.2.9. ZigBee IP
- 3.2.10. 802.15.4 - ZigBee Basis
- 3.2.10.1. IEEE 802.15.4 Radio
- 3.2.11. Application Specifics - Profiles Examples
- 3.2.12. Applications
- 3.2.12.1. General
- 3.2.12.2. Smart Houses-SH
- 3.2.12.3. PC
- 3.2.12.4. Manufacturing
- 3.2.12.5. WSN and ZigBee
- 3.2.12.6. ZigBee Role
- 3.2.12.7. “Green” ZigBee
- 3.2.12.8. ZigBee Telecom Services
- 3.2.13. Market
- 3.2.13.1. Expectations
- 3.2.13.2. Segments
- 3.2.13.3. Forecast
- 3.2.14. Industry
- Amber (RF Modules)
- Arch Rock (IP) - Acquired by Cisco in 2010
- Atmel (Chipsets)
- CEL (Modules)
- Cirronet-RFM (Modules-Industrial Applications)
- Digi (Radios, Routers, Energy Management)
- Duolog (Transceivers)
- Ember (Chipsets; SH)
- EnergyHub (Smart Home)
- GreenPeak (WSN)
- Helicomm (Modules)
- Jennic (Chipsets-Modules)
- Freescale (Chipsets)
- Nuri Telecom (AMR Application)
- Oki (Chipsets)
- Open Peak (Power Management)
- Renesas (Platforms, AMR)
- Silicon Laboratories (Chipsets, Modules)
- Synapse (Module, Protocols)
- Telegesis (Integrator, Modules)
- TI (Chipsets)
4.0. Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN)
- 4.1. General
- 4.2. Definition and Goals
- 4.4. Task
- 4.5. Comparison: USN vs WSN
- 4.6. Envisioned Applications
- 4.6.1. Environment - Climate Change
- 4.7. Standardization Activity
- 4.7.1. Layered Structure
- 4.7.2. ITU-T
- 4.7.3. ISO
- 4.8. IETF and IP/WSN
- 4.8.1. Major Projects
- 4.8.1.1. 6LoWPAN WG
- 4.8.1.2. 6LoWPAN Development
- 4.8.1.3. NanoStack
- 4.8.1.4. Details
- 4.8.2. ROLL WG
- 4.9. Major Characteristics of IP-WSN
- 4.10. IPSO Alliance (IP for Smart Objects)
5.0. Green USN/WSN
- 5.1. Methods
- 5.2. Batteries
- 5.3. Power Harvesting Technologies
- 5.3.1. USN Nodes
- 5.3.2. Energy Sources
- 5.3.2.1. General
- 5.3.2.1.1. Solar Energy
- 5.3.2.1.2. Thermoelectric
- 5.3.2.1.3. Mechanical
- 5.3.2.1.4. RF Power
- 5.3.2.2. Summary
- 5.3.3. Green Technologies Requirements
- 5.3.4. Self-powered Nodes
- 5.3.5. Industry
- 5.3.6. Vendors
- Advanced Cerametrics
- AmbioSystems
- Ambient Micro
- Arch Rock (acquired by Cisco in 2010)
- Crownlite
- Cymbet
- EnOcean
- The Company
- EnOcean Alliance
- Standard
- Drivers
- Details
- Generations
- Profiles
- Benefits
- Unions
- Market Estimate
- Industry
- BSC Magnum
- Beckhoff
- Echoflex
- Illumra
- Leviton
- Thermokon
- Intel
- GreenPeak
- GreyStone
- JDL
- Jennic (NXP)
- KCF
- Linear Technology
- Micropelt
- Mide
- MicroStrain
- Nextreme
- Nokia
- Perpetuum
- Perpetua
- Powercast
- Schneider Electric
- SensorDinamics
- Sensinode
- Sentilla
- TI
- Zarlink Semiconductor
6.0 Conclusions
Appendix I: USN Applications Samples
LIST OF FIGURES:
- Figure 1: Two Groups
- Figure 2: SS-Functions
- Figure 3: SS Technologies
- Figure 4: WSN-SS Node
- Figure 5: HART Protocols Evolution
- Figure 6: Examples of WSN Applications
- Figure 7: TAM: Commercial Segment WSN Equipment Sale ($B)
- Figure 8: TAM: Commercial Segment WSS Equipment Sale (M Units)
- Figure 9: SS Market Geographical Segmentation
- Figure 10: SS Network Sizing
- Figure 11: ZigBee Protocol Stack
- Figure 12: ZigBee IP Gateway Protocol Stak
- Figure 13: Frame Structure - IEEE 802.15.4 PHY
- Figure 14: Frame Structure - IEEE 802.15.4 MAC
- Figure 15: Profiles
- Figure 16: TAM: U.S. ZigBee Modules Sales ($B)
- Figure 17: TAM: U.S. ZigBee Modules Sales (M Units)
- Figure 18: ZigBee Market Segmentation (2011)
- Figure 19: ZigBee Market Segmentation (2016)
- Figure 20: Examples-USN Services
- Figure 21: IP-USN
- Figure 22: 6LoWPAN Layered Architecture
- Figure 23: Functionalities
- Figure 24: Energy Requirements
- Figure 25: TAM: EnOcean Industry Equipment Sales ($M)
- Figure 26: TAM: EnOcean Industry Equipment Sales (Mil. Units)
LIST OF TABLES:
- Table 1: ISA100 Family of Standards
- Table 2: ISA100.11a Usage Classes
- Table 3: ISA100.11a Benefits
- Table 4: SS Node-Price Components
- Table 5: ZigBee Parameters
- Table 6: ZigBee Smart Energy Profile Feature Set
- Table 7: IP-USN Advantages
- Table 8: ZigBee and IP-USN
- Table 9: Sources
- Table 10: Data: Illustration
- Table 11: Methods
- Table 12: Major Features
