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市場調查報告書
航空運輸發展及防止航空產業造成地球暖化之對策
Aviation growth and global warming
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航空運輸發展及防止航空產業造成地球暖化之對策 是由出版商PMI Media Ltd.在2007年06月所出版的。
這份英文市場調查報告書包含235 Pages 價格從美金872起跳。
專門於航空領域相關調查分析的英國市調公司 PMI Media Ltd.(總公司:Brighton and Hove)針對航空運輸發展及防止航空產業造成地球暖化之對策進行調查分析,並出版經系統整理的報告書"Aviation growth and global warming"。
本報告書內容包括:飛機及引擎製造業者、航空公司、機場等航空產業中各領域的防止地球暖化對策調查分析結果、企業研發狀況、政 府支援及政策、今後環境負荷估計等。包含圖表共計235頁的內容綱要摘記如下:
實施概要
第1章 調查理由・調查方法
第2章 面對氣候變化航空產業的因應對策
- 介紹
- 製造:以降低環境污染程度的引擎為目標的R&D計畫
- 介紹
- 政府為減少溫室氣體排放量的研究
- 引擎相關企業為減少溫室氣體排放量的主動權
- 替代液態瓦斯
- 「Clean Sky」計畫
- 總論
- 製造:改善機體・飛機系統技術相關R&D計畫
- 介紹
- 朝輕量飛機發展
- 朝電動飛機發展
- 改善空氣力學
- 飛機小翼
- 更複雜的設計
- 新燃料的發展潛力
- 介紹
- USAF:合成燃料的嘗試
- Volvo Aero・SAS・Swedish Civil Aviation Authority・Oroboro的替代性燃料研究
- Virgin Fuels
- 完全電動飛機(AEA:All Electric Aircraft)開發
- 其他研究
- 總論
- 航空公司:利用現有的基礎環境達到低排廢量/低噪音的新概念
- 介紹
- 新飛機的設備變更
- 塗裝・清潔・有效率的MRO
- 更好的飛行計畫
- 最佳的飛機航線管理
- 機艙重量輕量化
- 機場:機場周邊排廢氣管理
- 航空交通管理:環保的路線設計
第3章 現在及今後對環境的影響估計
第4章 相關法規限制・計畫
- 介紹
- 限制航空運輸要求給政府的壓力
- EU的ETS
- EU以外的排廢氣量交易
- CAEP/7排廢氣交易指南
- EU的主動權
附錄
Abstract
This report examines the current state of the various programs aimed at
exerting some measure of control over these issues, and provides detailed
background information and analysis of the global warming issue as it relates
to air transportation.
It offers answers to the following questions:
- What are the key operating improvements available to aircraft operators
seeking to reduce their annual fuel consumption bill?
- When will new aircraft, engine and other technologies become available
aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions? What are these technologies?
- What will be the impact of emission trading schemes, and other regulatory
initiatives, on airline greenhouse gas emissions?
- What is the range of current scientific opinion about the impact of
aircraft operations on climate change?
- Which are the key research programmes which will deliver reduced
greenhouse gas emissions at source?
- Which long-term proposals - for example, blended wing designs, formation
flying, alternative fuels - offer the best opportunities to develop
next-generation environmentally friendly aircraft?
- Which are the key enabling technologies - and investment opportunities -
which will deliver improved fuel efficiencies in the near future? And which
technologies are promising more than they will deliver?
Table of Contents
Executive summary
Section one: Reason and methodology to the report
Section two: The aviation industry' s response to the challenge of climate change
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.1.1 The key technologies in which investment is needed to improve the
environmental performance of civil aircraft
- 2.2 Manufacturing: research and development programmes to develop new, less polluting engines
- 2.2.2 Introduction
- 2.2.3 State-funded research to improve greenhouse gas emissions
- 2.2.4 Significant engine company initiatives to improve greenhouse gas
emissions
- 2.2.5 The propfan alternative
- 2.2.6 The “Clean Sky” industry initiative
- 2.2.7 Conclusions
- 2.3 Manufacturing: research and development programmes to improve airframe and aircraft systems technology
- 2.3.1 Introduction
- 2.3.2 Towards the lighter aircraft
- 2.3.3 Towards the all-electric aircraft - improved aircraft systems
- 2.3.4 Aerodynamic improvements
- 2.3.5 Winglets
- 2.3 6 More esoteric designs - lifting bodies
- 2.4 The potential of new fuels
- 2.4.1 Introduction
- 2.4.2 The USAF synthetic fuel-blend trials
- 2.4.3 Volvo Aero, SAS, Swedish Civil Aviation Authority and Oroboros
(funded by Vinnova) alternative fuel study
- 2.4.4 Virgin Fuels
- 2.4.5 All-Electric Aircraft Propulsion - NASA Glenn
- 2.4.6 Other fuel trials - hydrogen and liquefied natural gas
- 2.4.7 Conclusions
- 2.5 Airlines: new operating concepts to lower emissions/noise using current infrastructure
- 2.5.1 Introduction
- 2.5.2 Re-equipping with new aircraft
- 2.5.3 Painting, cleaning and more efficient MRO
- 2.5.4 Better flight planning
- 2.5.5. Optimised aircraft and crew management
- 2.5.6 Flying at optimum altitudes and more slowly
- 2.5.7 Reducing weight in the cabin
- 2.6 Airports - managing emissions during taxiing and operations in and around the airport
- 2.6.1 Introduction
- 2.6.2 Taxiing alternatives
- 2.6.3 APU alternatives
- 2.7 Air traffic management - providing more environmentally friendly routings
- 2.7.1 Introduction
- 2.7.2 Redesigning airspace to optimise aircraft efficiencies
- 2.7.3 The next major ATM efficiency improvement programmes
- 2.7.4 Continuous descent approaches into airports
Section three: Estimates of current and future environmental impact
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.1.1 The Communication from the EU Commission to the Council, the
European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the
Committee of the Regions - ‘Reducing the Climate Change Impact of
Aviation'
- 3.1.2 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ‘Aviation
and the Global Atmosphere'
- 3.1.3 Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution (RCEP) ‘Special
Study:The Environmental Effects of Civil Aircraft in Flight'
- 3.1.4 The Stern Review
- 3.1.5 Stockholm Environment Institute ‘Aviation and Sustainability
- A Policy Paper'
- 3.1.6 International Civil Aviation Organisation: Assembly 35th Session
Working Paper: Agenda Item 15 - ‘Environmental Protection'
- 3.1.7 Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT ‘Aviation and the
Environment'
- 3.1.8 ‘The possibility of introducing a kerosene tax on domestic
flights in Germany' . Dr E Pache - legal opinion commissioned by the Federal
Republic of Germany' s Environment Agency
- 3.2 Forecasts given within the reports analysed
- 3.3. Forecasts and recommendations of studies proposing the introduction
of financial mechanisms to restrict aviation growth
- 3.4 Recommendations of studies arguing against the introduction of
financial mechanisms to restrict aviation growth 124
- 3.5 Recommendations from the examinations of how to apply financial
mechanisms to aviation
Section four: Regulatory and other initiatives to curb greenhouse gas emissions from aviation
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Pressures on governments to restrict aviation growth
- 4.3 The EU' s emissions trading scheme (ETS)
- 4.4 Emissions trading outside the EU
- 4.5 CAEP/7 and emissions trading guidelines
- 4.6 European Union initiatives and proposals beyond the ETS
- Appendix one: Airline initiatives to improve environmental
performance
- Appendix two - aeronautical research programmes with environmental
mitigation elements, part-funded by the European Commission
- Appendix three - report author biographies
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