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市場調查報告書

V2G（Vehicle to Grid）技術之市場分析 、預測：需量反應

Vehicle to Grid Technologies - V2G Applications for Demand Response, Vehicle to Building, Frequency Regulation, and Other Ancillary Services: Market Analysis and Forecasts

出版商 Pike Research
出版日期 2011年11月 商品編碼 223950
內容資訊 英文 65 Pages
價格
US $ 3800 PDF by E-mail (Basic License)
US $ 5700 PDF by E-mail (Enterprise License)


V2G（Vehicle to Grid）技術之市場分析 、預測：需量反應 是由出版商Pike Research在2011年11月所出版的。 這份英文市場調查報告書包含65 Pages 價格從美金3800起跳。

簡介

V2G（Vehicle to Grid）目前於全球各地正處於先導型計畫階段，初期預計車隊及大型能源消費企業將會採用。受到V2G需求高漲，未來市場勢必可成為新技術接受度變高、間接性可再生能源比例變高之能源市場。

本報告為，調查分析V2G（Vehicle to Grid）技術市場之現況及展望，並匯整提升電網可信度及穩定性所需之需量反應、V2B、頻率調整及其他輔助服務等V2G對應展望、影響V2G發展之各種因素分析、V2G用車輛及服務收益預測（∼2017年）、主要企業簡介等，以下列摘要形式闡述。

第1章 實施概要

  • 簡介
  • 市場進步
  • 市場挑戰

第2章 市場

  • V2G之發展
    • 汽車製造商之參與
    • V2G之近年發展
    • 公用事業企業之參與
  • PEV之銷售
  • 輔助服務
    • 儲能及輔助服務
    • V2G市場阻礙
    • 地區別需求
    • 需量反應
  • 虛擬發電廠/微電網
  • V2B（Vehicle to Building）
    • 避免需求電力費用及調峰
    • 緊急用電源、備用電源
  • 電池之充放電率
    • 雙向配電
    • 重型、中型車輛
  • PEV管理
    • 智慧充電管理
    • 數據解析
  • 儀器要件
    • 車載儀器
    • 建築內儀器
    • 公用事業升級
  • 許可

第3章 行銷、商業化

  • V2G：輔助服務之適用性
  • V2G：收益機會
  • V2G：電池之可用性
  • V2G：案例研究

第4章 產業驅力

  • 車隊
  • 卡車
  • 雇主
  • 軍事
  • 可再生能源發電
    • 風力
    • 太陽能
  • 能源聚合、能源服務企業

第5章 技術

  • 安全性
  • 通訊規格
  • 安全規格
  • 對汽車電池之影響

第6章 主要企業（37間）

第7章 市場預測

  • V2G用輕型車輛
  • V2G用輕型商用車
  • 對V2G之投資
  • V2G用MD/HD卡車
  • V2G用LD車：輔助服務之收益
  • V2G用MD/HD卡車：輔助服務之收益

第8章 企業名錄

第9章 縮寫等

圖表

目錄

Abstract

The batteries used in plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) will increasingly be utilized by property owners and grid operators to provide a wide variety of energy services. The power potential of the batteries can be used to reduce the utility costs of a building, or when aggregated with other vehicles or stationary energy storage sources, to provide ancillary services such as frequency regulation. The expected penetration of PEVs will provide sufficient numbers to compete with stationary energy storage and traditional peaking power plants. The additional cost for upgrading PEVs to V2G is considered favorable to the creation of new power generation assets.

V2G is currently being tested in pilot projects around the world and will initially be pursued by fleets and large consumers of energy where vehicles have established schedules for being plugged in. The highest demand for V2G will be in energy markets that are more open to new technologies and with higher concentrations of intermittent renewable power. Bulk energy storage applications such as storing excess wind energy production at night and returning the power to the grid during times of higher demand have not been aggressively pursued due to the potential negative impact of frequent full discharging on the cycle life of the batteries.

This Pike Research report examines the market opportunity for V2G technologies to be utilized for demand response, vehicle to building, frequency regulation, and various other ancillary services to support grid reliability and stability. The study analyzes technology issues and policy factors associated with the growth of V2G, as well as key hurdles to adoption. The strategies of key market participants are profiled, and forecasts are provided for V2G-enabled vehicles and service revenues through 2017.

Key Questions Addressed:

  • When will V2G become commercially viable as a consumer application?
  • What role will fleets play in launching V2G services?
  • What is the revenue potential for V2G-enabled vehicles in ancillary services?
  • How do local energy market regulations impact the potential for V2G?
  • What regions of the world will lead in V2G adoption?

Who needs this report?

  • Auto manufacturers and suppliers
  • Battery manufacturers
  • Utilities
  • Grid operators
  • Energy aggregators and services companies
  • Government agencies
  • Industry associations
  • Investor community

About Pike Research

Pike Research is a market research and consulting firm that provides in-depth analysis of global clean technology markets. The company's research methodology combines supply-side industry analysis, end-user primary research and demand assessment, and deep examination of technology trends to provide a comprehensive view of these industry sectors.

Report Statistics
  • Release Date: 4Q 2011
  • Total Number of Pages: 65
  • Total Number of Tables, Charts, Figures: 65

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

  • 1.1. Introduction
  • 1.2. Market Evolution
  • 1.3. Market Challenges

2. Market Issues

  • 2.1. Development of V2G
    • 2.1.1. Automaker Participation
    • 2.1.2. Recent V2G Developments
    • 2.1.3. Utility Involvement in V2G
  • 2.2. PEV Sales
  • 2.3. Ancillary Services
    • 2.3.1. Energy Storage and Ancillary Services
    • 2.3.2. V2G Market Barriers
    • 2.3.3. Regional Demand for V2G in Ancillary Services
      • 2.3.3.1. Markets in North America
      • 2.3.3.2. ISO Regions
      • 2.3.3.3. Markets in Europe
      • 2.3.3.4. Markets in Asia Pacific
        • 2.3.3.4.1. Japan
        • 2.3.3.4.2. Korea
        • 2.3.3.4.3. India
        • 2.3.3.4.4. China
      • 2.3.3.5. Markets in the Middle East
    • 2.3.4. Demand Response
  • 2.4. Virtual Power Plants/Microgrids
  • 2.5. Vehicle to Building (V2B)
    • 2.5.1. Demand Charge Avoidance and Peak Shaving
    • 2.5.2. Emergency and Backup Power
  • 2.6. Battery Charge and Discharge Rates
    • 2.6.1. Bidirectional Power Delivery
    • 2.6.2. Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles
  • 2.7. Management of PEVs
    • 2.7.1. Smart Charging Management
    • 2.7.2. Data Analytics
  • 2.8. Equipment Requirements
    • 2.8.1. Onboard Equipment
    • 2.8.2. Premise Equipment
    • 2.8.3. Utility Upgrades
  • 2.9. Permitting

3. Marketing and Commercialization

  • 3.1. V2G Applicability of Ancillary Services
  • 3.2. V2G Revenue Potential
    • 3.2.1. Regulation Services
    • 3.2.2. Demand Response
    • 3.2.3. Pay-for-Performance
    • 3.2.4. Battery Leasing
  • 3.3. Battery Availability for V2G
  • 3.4. V2G Case Studies
    • 3.4.1. Amsterdam Smart City
    • 3.4.2. Better Place - Israel and Denmark
    • 3.4.3. DOE-Chrysler Trucks
    • 3.4.4. EDISON Project
    • 3.4.5. Green Crossover Town
    • 3.4.6. Los Angeles Air Force Base
    • 3.4.7. Maui Smart Grid Demonstration Project
    • 3.4.8. MeRegio Mobil

4. Industry Drivers

  • 4.1. Fleets
  • 4.2. Trucks
  • 4.3. Employers
  • 4.4. Military
  • 4.5. Expansion of Renewable Power Generation
    • 4.5.1. Wind
    • 4.5.2. Solar
  • 4.6. Energy Aggregators and Energy Service Companies

5. Technology Issues

  • 5.1. Security
  • 5.2. Communications Standards
  • 5.3. Safety Standard
  • 5.4. Impact on Vehicle Batteries

6. Key Industry Players

  • 6.1. AC Propulsion
  • 6.2. AutoPort Inc.
  • 6.3. Better Place
  • 6.4. Bosch
  • 6.5. Coulomb Technologies Inc.
  • 6.6. Daimler
  • 6.7. Dansk Energi
  • 6.8. Dong Energy
  • 6.9. Eetrex Inc.
  • 6.10. EnBW
  • 6.11. Energinet.dk
  • 6.12. Envision Solar
  • 6.13. Fleet Energy Company
  • 6.14. GE
  • 6.15. Grid2Home
  • 6.16. Hitachi
  • 6.17. IBM
  • 6.18. ITOCHU
  • 6.19. Mazda
  • 6.20. Mitsubishi
  • 6.21. National Grid
  • 6.22. Nissan Motor Corp.
  • 6.23. NRG Energy
  • 6.24. Nuvve
  • 6.25. PGE
  • 6.26. PJM
  • 6.27. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
  • 6.28. Ricardo
  • 6.29. RWE
  • 6.30. SAP
  • 6.31. SAE International
  • 6.32. Siemens
  • 6.33. Silver Spring Networks
  • 6.34. TARDEC
  • 6.35. Tendril
  • 6.36. University of Delaware
  • 6.37. Zam Energy

7. Market Forecasts

  • 7.1. V2G-Enabled Light-Duty Vehicles
  • 7.2. V2G-Enabled Light-Duty Fleet Vehicles
  • 7.3. V2G Investment
  • 7.4. V2G-Enabled MD/HD Trucks
  • 7.5. V2G-Enabled LD Vehicle Revenue from Ancillary Services
  • 7.6. V2G-Enabled MD/HD Truck Revenue from Ancillary Services

8. Company Directory

9. Acronym and Abbreviation List

10. Table of Contents

11. Table of Charts and Figures

12. Scope of Study, Sources and Methodology, Notes

List of Charts and Figures
  • V2G Applications and Participants
  • Diagram of Vehicle and Grid Interaction in V2G
  • States with Deregulated Electricity Markets
  • The European Grid's Five Synchronous Areas
  • V2G-enabled PEV
  • Green Crossover Town Project Diagram
  • Cumulative Light-Duty PEV Sales by Region, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • V2G-Enabled Light-Duty PEV Sales by Region, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Total Ancillary Services Revenue, LD V2G-Enabled PEVs, Base Scenario, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Light-Duty PEV Sales by Region, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Light-Duty PEV Fleet Sales by Region, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • MD/HD Plug-in Trucks, Class 3-8 Sales by Region, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Cumulative Employer-Owned EV Charging Equipment Sales by Region: World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Cumulative Installed Wind Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Annual V2G-enabled Light-duty PEV Sales, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • V2G-Enabled Light-Duty Fleet PEV Sales by Region, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Vehicle Investment, V2G-Enabled Light-Duty PEVs, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Cumulative V2G-Enabled MD/HD Trucks, Class 3-8 Sales by Region, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Total Ancillary Services Revenue, V2G-Enabled Light-Duty PEVs, Base Scenario, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Ancillary Services Revenue, V2G-Enabled MD/HD Trucks, Base Scenario, World Markets: 2011-2017

List of Tables
  • Ancillary Services Overview
  • Comparison of Battery Utility for Ancillary Services
  • Cumulative Light-Duty PEV Sales by Region, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Light-Duty PHEV Sales by Region, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Light-Duty BEV Sales by Region, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Light-Duty PEV Sales by Region, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Light-Duty PHEV Fleet Sales by Region, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Light-Duty BEV Fleet Sales by Region, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Light-Duty PEV Fleet Sales by Region, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Cumulative EVSE Unit Sales by Region, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Cumulative Employer-Owned EV Charging Equipment Sales by Region, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • MD/HD Plug-in Truck, Class 3-8 Sales by Region, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Cumulative Workplace Charging Equipment Sales by Region, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Cumulative Installed Wind Capacity by Country, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • V2G-Enabled Light-Duty PEV Sales by Region, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Cumulative V2G-Enabled Light-Duty PEV Sales by Region, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • V2G-Enabled Light-Duty Fleet PEV Sales by Region, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Cumulative V2G-Enabled Fleet PEV Sales by Region, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Vehicle Investment, V2G-Enabled Light-Duty PEVs, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Vehicle Investment, V2G-Enabled Light-Duty Fleet PEVs, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • V2G Infrastructure Investment, Light-Duty PEVs, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Cumulative Capacity of V2G-Enabled Light-Duty PEVs by Region, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Cumulative Storage Capacity of V2G-Enabled Light-Duty PEVs by Region, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • V2G-Enabled MD/HD PEV Trucks, Class 3-8 Sales by Region, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Cumulative V2G-Enabled MD/HD PEV Trucks, Class 3-8 Sales by Region, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Cumulative Capacity of V2G-Enabled MD/HD Trucks, Class 3-8, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Cumulative Storage Capacity of V2G-Enabled MD/HD Trucks, Class 3-8, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Vehicle Investment, V2G-Enabled MD/HD Trucks, Class 3-8, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • V2G Infrastructure Investment, MD/HD Trucks, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Frequency Regulation Revenue, LD V2G-Enabled PEVs, Base Scenario, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Frequency Regulation Revenue, LD V2G-Enabled PEVs, Aggressive Scenario, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Demand Response Revenue, LD V2G-Enabled PEVs, Base Scenario, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Demand Response Revenue, LD V2G-Enabled PEVs, Aggressive Scenario, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Other Ancillary Services Revenue, LD V2G-Enabled PEVs, Base Scenario, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Other Ancillary Services Revenue, LD V2G-Enabled PEVs, Aggressive Scenario, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Total Ancillary Services Revenue, LD V2G-Enabled PEVs, Base Scenario, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Total Ancillary Services Revenue, LD V2G-Enabled PEVs, Aggressive Scenario, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Frequency Regulation Revenue, MD/HD V2G-Enabled Trucks, Base Scenario, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Frequency Regulation Revenue, MD/HD V2G-Enabled Trucks, Aggressive Scenario, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Demand Response Revenue, MD/HD V2G-Enabled Trucks, Base Scenario, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Demand Response Revenue, MD/HD V2G-Enabled Trucks, Aggressive Scenario, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Other Ancillary Services Revenue, MD/HD V2G-Enabled Trucks, Base Scenario, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Other Ancillary Services Revenue, MD/HD V2G-Enabled Trucks, Aggressive Scenario, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Ancillary Services Revenue, MD/HD V2G-Enabled Trucks, Base Scenario, World Markets: 2011-2017
  • Ancillary Services Revenue, MD/HD V2G-Enabled Trucks, Aggressive Scenario, World Markets: 2011-2017

Press Release

2017年時因應V2G（Vehicle to Grid）技術的車輛約達到10萬輛

2011年12月05日

Global Information, Inc.已開始銷售Pike Research所發行的報告書「Vehicle to Grid Technologies - V2G Applications for Demand Response, Vehicle to Building, Frequency Regulation, and Other Ancillary Services: Market Analysis and Forecasts (V2G（Vehicle to Grid）技術之市場分析 、預測：需量反應)」

預測插電式（plug-in）電動汽車(PEV)的電池，因汽車所有者及提供各種能源服務的電網企業不同，其利用越發擴大。

電池的潛在電力可利用來削減建築物的光熱費，或與其他交通工具和設置式能源儲藏源合併，亦能提供所謂頻率管理的輔助服務。

V2G（Vehicle to Grid）技術作為朝發電資產新投資之可供選擇的方案，將越發變得富有魅力。

預計2017年之前將達到約9萬輛的輕量汽車和1,500輛中型•重量卡車，以及導入V2G（Vehicle to Grid）技術，建構基於回應V2G的需求和V2B (vehicle to building)、頻率管理、及其他附帶服務的強力基礎。

調查處長John Gartner敘述：「V2G(Vehicle to Grid)技術現在屬於初期的試驗階段，在被商品化之前，尚有相當多應該要做的事。」。

「最初導入此技術者為已經決定配置插電式混合動力車的車隊業者和能源大量消費的企業。隨著此部門的發展，V2G將活用在更多樣化的支援電網服務。」

「尤其是在初期階段，V2G需求最大的乃是容易接受新技術、需要間歇性可再生能源發電集中化的能源市場。」

隨著V2G的引進，來自頻率管理和需求反應等附加服務的收益會和以往的發電源、固定電池儲藏之新興技術競爭。

Pike Research分析，汽車製造商和公用事業企業及能源鱷口式機器對V2G的投資，因全球及各地區PEV的普及率而大受影響。

為提供給電網企業充分的電力容量，一定數以上的PEV需要匯集到特定地區。等能源企業配備充分部數的PEV之後，就打算推進利用V2G的服務計畫。

2011年因應V2G的車輛數，一般轎車約超過10萬輛，預計2017年將增加到500萬輛以上。為實現大規模的V2G服務，對基礎設施的龐大金額投資和車輛技術就變成是不可缺少的。

本報告書分析如何回應需求、V2B (vehicle to building)、頻率管理、以及使用在支撐其他電網可靠性、安定性附帶服務之V2G技術的市場機會。

而且還提供V2G技術、政策要因、阻礙引進V2G的要因、企業策略、到2017年為止的V2G對應車輛、以及服務收益的預測。
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