節能建築：歐洲的ESCO市場（市場動態、成效保證契約、節能裝置、綠色大樓認證、資金調度結構、市場分析、以及預測）

節能建築：歐洲的ESCO市場（市場動態、成效保證契約、節能裝置、綠色大樓認證、資金調度結構、市場分析、以及預測） 是由出版商Pike Research在2011年03月所出版的。 這份英文市場調查報告書包含93 Pages 價格從美金3800起跳。

簡介

歐洲聯盟的新建設以及大幅改建至2021年前將達到「幾乎零電力」。此名詞的定義依國家多少有所不同，不過主要被稱做被動式節能屋的幾乎零電力的建築物，目前的既有樓地板面積不到1%。綠色建築認可樓地板面積從2010年的不滿1%，預期至2016年將擴大至2%以上，然而，法國已經達到2%了。

本報告，提出歐洲的ESCO（節能服務支援公司）市場，分析歐洲聯盟以及主要各國家市場的課題，概括實現節能建築的各種技術，同時彙整主要業界參與企業的資訊、綠色建築認證的狀況，並提示市場預測等，由下列摘要形式闡述。

第1章 報告摘要

第2章 市場課題

• 簡介
• 歐洲聯盟的分析
  • 簡介
  • 建築資源
  • 建築物的能源使用
  • 電力價格
  • 碳排放
  • 節能建築產業的歷史
  • 新建設以及大幅改建
  • 能源裝置
  • 市場成長促進因素
  • 市場成長阻礙因素
  • 資金調度
  • 資源
• 國家別分析
  • 德國
  • 法國
  • 英國
  • 義大利
  • 西班牙
  • 北歐
  • 其他提及國家
  • 東歐

第3章 技術課題

• 各種效率措施的整合性以及時間性
• 最大程度的能源成效
  • 被動式節能屋
• 所謂「幾乎零電力」
• 整合設計
  • 成效評價以及設計回饋
  • 能源模式
• 封套技術
• ICT：情報通訊技術
  • 建築物能源管理系統
  • 智慧電表
• 照明
• HVAC
  • 簡介
  • 熱能源儲存
  • 冷凍光束以及活動地板
  • 熱動力冷卻裝置
  • 熱幫浦
• 碳管理
• 電壓管理
• 居民行動以及彈性運用

第4章 主要的業界參與企業

• 簡介
• EU（18家）
• 能源公司（公用事業）
• 業界團體

第5章 綠色大樓認證

• 簡介
• EU認證計畫
  • 綠色大樓
  • BREEAM
  • LEED
  • DGNB
  • 能源成效認證
  • 被動式節能屋
  • Minergie
• 國家別認證計畫
• 德國
  • DGNB
• 法國
• 英國
  • BREEAM
  • RICS Ska
• 義大利
• 北歐
• 比荷盧三國
• 東歐

第6章 市場預測

• 簡介
• 建築物樓地板面積
• ESCO收益情境

第7章 附錄

第8章 企業名簿

第9章 首寫字縮寫以及省略語一覽表

第10章 目錄

第11章 圖表

第12章 調查範圍、資訊來源以及調查方式、註記

目錄

Abstract

New buildings and major renovation in the European Union will be “nearly zero energy” by 2021, though the phrase' s definition will vary significantly by country. Regulatory support has begun, and will increase with the 2011 and 2014 updates of National Energy Efficiency Action Plans. Less than 1% of existing space is nearly zero energy at present, primarily Passive Houses. Of the 30 billion square meters of floorspace in Western and Eastern Europe, 74% is residential, and 2% is affected annually by new construction or major renovation. Certified green building space will increase from less than 1% in 2010, to more than 2% in 2016, and is already 2% in France.

Most energy efficiency promotions have focused on residential and public buildings. The largest energy efficiency markets are in Germany and France, comparable to the combined market of the rest of Europe. In Germany, half of the cities require Passive House construction in new public buildings. Although most ESCO activity is in public buildings, large ESCOs and construction companies have barely started adopting Passive House methodology. In France, the Grenelle plan for the environment stipulates that new construction will produce net positive energy by 2020.

This Pike Research report examines market conditions and emerging opportunities related to energy efficiency for buildings in Europe. The study includes in-depth, country-level analysis of public policy and regulatory issues, energy service companies, performance contracting, green building certification, and the economics and financing structures behind energy efficiency retrofits. Key industry players are profiled and market forecasts, segmented by country, extend through 2016.

Key questions addressed:

• What are the main market drivers and barriers for energy efficient construction, renovation and energy retrofits in Europe?
• What are the main policies and national market drivers and barriers for energy efficiency in buildings in the three largest countries: Germany, France and the United Kingdom?
• Where will most new construction occur over the next 5 years, and how much of it will be certified as green building space?
• When energy efficiency measures are implemented gradually over time, which sequences are most cost-effective and which ones waste the most money?
• Which energy efficiency measures are compatible with one another? Which ones are financially incompatible?
• Why is a construction technique that currently covers less than a tenth of 1% of existing building space today, likely to hold a major share of the European building construction market by 2020?
• What effect does energy performance have on the market price of sales and rentals?

Who needs this report?

• Energy service companies
• Construction companies
• Manufacturers of building materials and components
• Building systems vendors
• Property investors, owners, and managers
• Utilities
• Government agencies
• Industry associations

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

• 1.1 Energy-Efficient Buildings in Europe
  • 1.1.1 Germany and France
  • 1.1.2 Nearly Zero-Energy - Energy Policies
  • 1.1.3 Efficiency Upgrades
  • 1.1.4 Market Value
• 1.2 Report Focus
• 1.3 Report Terminology

2. Market Issues

• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Analysis of European Union
  • 2.2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2.2 Building Stock
  • 2.2.3 Energy Use in Buildings
  • 2.2.4 Electricity Prices
  • 2.2.5 Carbon Emissions
  • 2.2.6 History of Energy-Efficient Building Industry
  • 2.2.7 New Construction & Major Renovation
  • 2.2.8 Energy Retrofits
  • 2.2.9 Market Drivers
    • 2.2.9.1 Cost and Risk Reduction (Commercial)
    • 2.2.9.2 Quality, Comfort, and Risk Reduction (Residential)
    • 2.2.9.3 GHG (Greenhouse Gas) Reduction and Public Image
    • 2.2.9.4 Policy
    • 2.2.9.5 Energy Performance Certificates
    • 2.2.9.6 Energy Efficiency Action Plans
    • 2.2.9.7 Energy Agencies
    • 2.2.9.8 Energy as an Asset to Be Managed
    • 2.2.9.9 Attracting and Retaining Customers, Employees, and Tenants
    • 2.2.9.10 Property Values
    • 2.2.9.11 Integrated Energy Contracting
    • 2.2.9.12 Renovation and New Construction
    • 2.2.9.13 White Certificates
    • 2.2.9.14 Smart Energy Buildings Campaign
    • 2.2.9.15 Hotter Summers
  • 2.2.10 Market Barriers
    • 2.2.10.1 Lack of Capital
    • 2.2.10.2 Uncertain or Insufficient ROI
    • 2.2.10.3 Low Priority/Apathy
    • 2.2.10.4 Lack of Knowledge
    • 2.2.10.5 Institutional Inertia
    • 2.2.10.6 Split Incentives for Integrated Design
    • 2.2.10.7 Split Owner-Tenant Incentive
    • 2.2.10.8 Lower Incentives
    • 2.2.10.9 Accounting Practices
  • 2.2.11 Financing
  • 2.2.12 Resources
• 2.3 Analysis by Country
  • 2.3.1 Germany
    • 2.3.1.1 Building Stock
    • 2.3.1.2 History of Energy-Efficient Building Industry
    • 2.3.1.3 Drivers for Energy Efficiency in Buildings
      • 2.3.1.3.1 Policy
      • 2.3.1.3.2 Energy Agencies
      • 2.3.1.3.3 Performance Contracting
    • 2.3.1.4 Barriers for Energy Performance Contracting
      • 2.3.1.4.1 Public Tender
      • 2.3.1.4.2 Lack of Bureaucratic Expertise
    • 2.3.1.5 Financing
      • 2.3.1.5.1 Public Sector Financing
      • 2.3.1.5.2 Private Sector Financing
  • 2.3.2 France
    • 2.3.2.1 Building Stock
    • 2.3.2.2 History of Energy-Efficient Building Industry
    • 2.3.2.3 Drivers for Energy Efficiency in Buildings
      • 2.3.2.3.1 Policy
      • 2.3.2.3.2 Market Value
    • 2.3.2.4 Barriers
      • 2.3.2.4.1 Public Procurement Process
      • 2.3.2.4.2 Electricity Prices
      • 2.3.2.4.3 Radical Change
    • 2.3.2.5 Financing
  • 2.3.3 United Kingdom
    • 2.3.3.1 Building Stock
    • 2.3.3.2 History of Energy-Efficient Building Industry
    • 2.3.3.3 New Construction
    • 2.3.3.4 Drivers for Energy Efficiency in Buildings
      • 2.3.3.4.1 Policy
      • 2.3.3.4.2 Contract Energy Management (CEM)
      • 2.3.3.4.3 Public Image and GHG Reduction
    • 2.3.3.5 Barriers
      • 2.3.3.5.1 Performance Contract (CEM) Not Integrated with Public Sector Processes
      • 2.3.3.5.2 Shifting Policies
      • 2.3.3.5.3 Split Incentives
    • 2.3.3.6 Public Sector Financing
      • 2.3.3.6.1 Department of Health
      • 2.3.3.6.2 Scotland Public Sector Central Energy Efficiency Fund (CEEF)
      • 2.3.3.6.3 London Climate Change Agency
      • 2.3.3.6.4 Private Finance Initiative:
    • 2.3.3.7 Private Sector Financing
      • 2.3.3.7.1 Tax Incentives
      • 2.3.3.7.2 Loans/Grants
      • 2.3.3.7.3 Green Investment Firms
  • 2.3.4 Italy
    • 2.3.4.1 History of Energy-Efficient Building Industry
    • 2.3.4.2 Drivers
    • 2.3.4.3 Barriers
  • 2.3.5 Spain
    • 2.3.5.1 History of Energy-Efficient Building Industry
    • 2.3.5.2 Drivers
      • 2.3.5.2.1 Policy
    • 2.3.5.3 Barriers
  • 2.3.6 Nordics
    • 2.3.6.1 Sweden
      • 2.3.6.1.1 Barriers in Sweden
  • 2.3.7 Other Countries of Note
    • 2.3.7.1 Benelux
      • 2.3.7.1.1 History of Energy-Efficient Building Industry
      • 2.3.7.1.2 Drivers
    • 2.3.7.2 Austria
    • 2.3.7.3 Switzerland
  • 2.3.8 Eastern Europe
    • 2.3.8.1 Building Stock
    • 2.3.8.2 History of Energy-Efficient Building Industry
    • 2.3.8.3 ESCOs and Finance

3. Technology Issues

• 3.1 Compatibility and Timing of Various Efficiency Measures
• 3.2 Extreme Energy Performance
  • 3.2.1 Passive House
• 3.3 What Is “Nearly Zero-Energy” Anyway?
• 3.4 Integrated Design
  • 3.4.1 Performance Evaluation and Design Feedback
  • 3.4.2 Energy Models
• 3.5 Envelope Technology
• 3.6 ICT: Information and Communication Technologies
  • 3.6.1 Building Energy Management Systems
  • 3.6.2 Smart Meters
• 3.7 Lighting
• 3.8 HVAC
  • 3.8.1 Introduction
  • 3.8.2 Thermal Energy Storage
  • 3.8.3 Chilled Beams and Raised Access Flooring
  • 3.8.4 Thermally powered chillers
  • 3.8.5 Heat Pumps
• 3.9 Carbon Management
• 3.10 Voltage Management
• 3.11 Occupant Behavior & Resilient Operations

4. Key Industry Players

• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 EU
  • 4.2.1 Camco
  • 4.2.2 Carillion
  • 4.2.3 Cegelec
  • 4.2.4 Cofely
  • 4.2.5 Dalkia
  • 4.2.6 Danfoss
  • 4.2.7 EMCOR
  • 4.2.8 ENER-G
  • 4.2.9 Honeywell Building Solutions
  • 4.2.10 Hochtief
  • 4.2.11 INENCO/Spice
  • 4.2.12 Johnson Controls
  • 4.2.13 M&C Energy
  • 4.2.14 Philips Lighting
  • 4.2.15 Schneider Electric/TAC (www.tac.com)
  • 4.2.16 Siemens
  • 4.2.17 Skanska
  • 4.2.18 YIT Group
• 4.3 Energy Companies (Utilities)
  • 4.3.1 E.ON Energy Services
  • 4.3.2 EDF Group
• 4.4 Industry Associations

5. Green Building Certifications

• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 EU Certification Programs
  • 5.2.1 GreenBuilding
  • 5.2.2 BREEAM
  • 5.2.3 LEED
  • 5.2.4 DGNB
  • 5.2.5 Energy Performance Certificates
  • 5.2.6 Passive House
  • 5.2.7 Minergie
• 5.3 Country-Specific Certification Programs
  • 5.3.1 Germany
    • 5.3.1.1 DGNB
  • 5.3.2 France
  • 5.3.3 United Kingdom
    • 5.3.3.1 BREEAM
    • 5.3.3.2 RICS Ska
  • 5.3.4 Italy
  • 5.3.5 Nordics
  • 5.3.6 Benelux
  • 5.3.7 Eastern Europe

6. Market Forecasts

• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 Building Floor Space
• 6.3 ESCO Revenue Scenarios

7. Appendix

8. Company Directory

9. Acronym and Abbreviation List

10. Table of Contents

11. Table of Charts and Figures

12. Scope of Study, Sources and Methodology, Notes

List of Charts and Figures

• GDP and Population by Country, European Countries with GDP > € 100 Billion
• Building Stock Floorspace by Region and Type, Europe: 2011
• Floor Space by Country & Type, Eastern Europe, Excluding Russia: 2011
• Annual Primary Energy Intensity for Residential Space Heating by Country: 2005
• Annual Primary Energy Intensity, Residential Households by Country: 2005
• Typical Electricity Prices, Select European Countries, plus United States
• CO2 Emissions per kWh of Energy for Space Heating by Fuel Source and Country: 2005
• Annual Energy Intensity for Heating, Building Code Limit, Germany: 1980-2012
• Number of LEED-Certified Projects by Country, Europe: January 2011
• Net New Building Floor Space by Region and Type, Europe: 2011-2016
• Certified Green Building Space by Segment, Europe: 2011-2016
• ESCO Revenue by Region, Baseline Scenario, Europe: 2010-2016
• ESCO Revenue by Region, Aggressive Scenario, Europe: 2010-2016

List of Tables

• National Requirements for Major Renovations (Compared to EPBD) by Country
• GDP and Population by Country, European Countries with GDP > € 100 Billion
• Building Stock Floor Space by Region and Type, Europe: 2011
• Floor Space by Country and Type, Eastern Europe, Excluding Russia: 2011
• Annual Primary Energy Intensity for Residential Space Heating by Country
• Annual Primary Energy Intensity, Residential Households by Country
• Electricity Prices, Select European Countries, plus United States
• CO2 Emissions per kWh of Energy for Space Heating by Fuel Source and Country
• Annual Energy Intensity for Heating, Building Code Limit, Germany: 1979-2015
• Multinational and National Green Building Programs in Europe
• Sales & Rental Premiums for BRE-Certified Buildings in the United Kingdom
• Number of LEED-Certified Projects by Country, Europe: January 2011
• Net New Building Floor Space by Region and Type, Europe: 2011-2016
• Certified Green Building Space by Segment, Europe: 2011-2016
• ESCO Revenue by Region, Baseline Scenario, Europe: 2010-2016
• ESCO Revenue by Region, Aggressive Scenario, Europe: 2010-2016
• National Energy Efficiency Action Plans, New and Existing Buildings (EU-27): 2009
• National Energy Efficiency Action Plans, Horizontal Measures (EU-27): 2009

Press Release

歐洲節能服務支援公司(ESCO)市場預計在2016年之前以CAGR（年間複合成長率）7.5％擴大

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