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市場調查報告書
全球的高能源效率HVAC系統市場
Energy Efficient HVAC Systems: Thermal Energy Storage, Underfloor Air Distribution, Chilled Beams, and Other Emerging HVAC Innovations for High Performance Buildings
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全球的高能源效率HVAC系統市場 是由出版商Pike Research在2011年01月所出版的。
這份英文市場調查報告書包含100 Pages 價格從美金3800起跳。
商用大樓用HVAC（暖氣・換氣・空調）系統的本來使用目的，是為了提高大樓使用者的舒適性（生產性），不過其目的，在今後5年間將會變化成能源成本的削減吧。現在能源價格的上升、以及針對降低溫室氣體排放的行動，與大樓經營有很深的關連。多數的大樓所有人，已經不是將能源成本視為固定費用，而是開始考慮更積極地進行管理。來自HVAC的能源成本，由於達到商用大樓能源成本的約3分之1，蘊藏著對能源節約大幅貢獻的可能性。
本報告，調查商用大樓的HVAC系統市場上的技術創新動向，並彙整該市場的發展因子和阻礙、技術課題、主要企業的檔案資料、導入情境、各部門的將來預測等，由下列摘要形式闡述。
第1章 報告摘要
第2章 市場課題
- 市場區塊
- 歷史
- 全球的發展因子
- 成本以及風險的降低
- 溫室氣體排放的降低與公共形象
- 政府/公用事業的獎勵行動與規範
- 做為管理資產的能源
- 客戶・從業人員・承租人的獲得與維持
- 不可的分散與綜合設計
- 滿載
- 全球的發展阻礙
- 資本不足
- 模糊不清的ROI
- 知識不足
- 所有人與承租人的想法差異
- 歐洲的發展因子
- 美國的發展因子
- 能源成本的削減
- 公共形象
- 政府/公用事業的獎勵行動與規範
- 使用者的生產性
- 認識度
- 不動產的評價
- 承租人的獲得
- Wal-Mart
- 美國的發展阻礙
- 融資
- 制度的停滯
- 不明確的投資手段
- 小型設置基礎
- 低優先度
- 短視的個人大樓
- 美國的HVAC廠商
- Aaon
- Carrier/United Technologies
- Honeywell
- Lennox
- Siemens
- Trane/Ingersoll-Rand
- York/Johnson Controls
第3章 技術課題
- 簡介
- 新設計
- 綜合設計
- 建築資訊模型
- 需求抑制換氣
- 複合模式換氣（被動式 + 機械式）
- 專用外氣系統
- 新技術與市場情境
- 大樓的能源管理與控制
- 設施內的熱能儲存
- 地板下排氣
- 高性能屋頂裝置
- 地熱加熱幫浦
- 追加的新技術
- 置換換氣
- 無管加熱幫浦
- 熱驅動冷卻
- 冷凍光束
- 能源以及熱交換換氣
- 放射板以及厚板
- 調查範圍外的技術
第4章 市場情境
第5章 用語・省略語一覽表
第6章 企業名錄
第7章 目錄
第8章 圖表一覽表
第9章 調查範圍・資訊來源・調查方式・註記
Abstract
Although the primary purpose of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
(HVAC) systems in commercial buildings is occupant productivity, the objective
of most changes to HVAC systems in the next five years will be to decrease
energy cost. Because of rising energy prices and the drive to reduce
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with building operations, many
building owners have begun to manage energy cost actively as an asset, rather
than a fixed cost. HVAC accounts for almost one-third of the energy cost in
commercial buildings, so these systems hold great potential for energy savings.
The HVAC industry in the United States changes slowly. Most commercial space
is in small and medium-sized buildings and is heated and cooled by packaged
units sold as commodities. Because of intense price sensitivity in the market,
new features are only added as necessary for regulatory compliance and market
differentiation. In large buildings, new construction and retrofits are
designed for energy cost savings in the range of 20% to 35%, with incremental
changes in conventional practices. While unconventional HVAC engineers achieve
HVAC energy cost savings well over 50% with improved occupant productivity, at
comparable prices, this practice is rare and appears unlikely to spread
rapidly. At many levels, from national, state and local governments to
corporate boardrooms and ratepayer-sponsored Demand Side Management programs,
energy policies have a major impact on the market, driving innovations which
would not otherwise occur, while also preventing other innovations which might
have occurred.
This Pike Research report explores emerging HVAC innovations for the
commercial building market, including building energy management systems,
underfloor air distribution, active and multiservice chilled beams, and onsite
ice-based thermal energy storage. The study includes an examination of market
drivers and challenges, technology issues, profiles of key industry players,
scenarios for market adoption, and forecasts for each sector.
Key questions addressed:
- Which HVAC innovations are most likely to expand significantly in the next
5 years, and why?
- Which HVAC innovations have short payback periods in retrofits, and
attractive first cost increments for integrated design in new construction?
- What are the relative strengths and weaknesses of Underfloor Air
Distribution versus Integrated Chilled Beams?
- For onsite Thermal Energy Storage, what are the primary market barriers
and successful business strategies to address these barriers?
- What market interventions and investments have potential for major impact
on the market for Rooftop Units in the southeastern U.S.?
- What policies will drive European innovation ahead of the U.S.?
- Which aspects of HVAC are likely to be subject to increasing levels of
litigation, and how can this risk be mitigated?
Who needs this report?
- HVAC system manufacturers
- Energy service companies
- Architects, engineers, and contractors
- Commercial building owners and managers
- Utilities
- Government agencies
- Industry associations
- Investor community
Table of Contents
1. Executive Summary
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 HVAC Industry Trends Regarding Innovation
- 1.3 Innovations Poised for Growth
2. Market Issues
- 2.1 Market Divisions
- 2.1.1 System Type, Building Size, and Region
- 2.2 History
- 2.3 Global Drivers
- 2.3.1 Cost and Risk Reduction
- 2.3.2 Greenhouse Gas Reduction and Public Image
- 2.3.3 Government/Utility Incentives and Regulations
- 2.3.4 Energy as an Asset to Be Managed
- 2.3.5 Attracting and Retaining Customers, Employees, and Tenants
- 2.3.6 Shifting Load Share and Integrated Design
- 2.3.7 Peak Load
- 2.4 Global Barriers
- 2.4.1 Lack of Capital
- 2.4.2 Uncertain or Insufficient ROI
- 2.4.3 Lack of Knowledge
- 2.4.4 Split Owner-Tenant Incentive
- 2.5 European Drivers
- 2.5.1 Policy
- 2.5.2 Culture
- 2.6 U.S. Drivers
- 2.6.1 Energy Cost Savings
- 2.6.2 Public Image
- 2.6.3 Government/Utility Incentives and Regulations
- 2.6.3.1 Building Codes
- 2.6.3.1.1 ASHRAE Standard 189.1
- 2.6.3.2 Utility Incentive Programs for Energy Efficiency
- 2.6.3.2.1 Least Cost Procurement
- 2.6.3.2.2 Utility Rate Decoupling
- 2.6.3.3 U.S. Department of Energy
- 2.6.3.3.1 Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Commercial Building
Energy Alliances
- 2.6.3.3.2 Commercial Building Partnerships
- 2.6.3.3.3 National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency
- 2.6.3.4 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
- 2.6.3.5 Regional Policies and Programs
- 2.6.3.5.1 Mandatory Energy Performance Disclosure
- 2.6.3.5.2 New York City, PlaNYC 2030, Greener Greater Buildings
- 2.6.3.6 National Energy Policy
- 2.6.3.6.1 Carbon Trading
- 2.6.3.6.2 Chiller Replacement
- 2.6.4 Occupant Productivity
- 2.6.5 Awareness
- 2.6.6 Appraisal and Valuation
- 2.6.7 Attracting Tenants
- 2.6.8 Wal-Mart
- 2.7 Barriers in the United States
- 2.7.1 Financing
- 2.7.2 Institutional Inertia
- 2.7.3 Awkward Investment Vehicle
- 2.7.4 Small Installed Base
- 2.7.5 Low Priority vs. Other Concerns
- 2.7.6 Short Time Horizon in Private Buildings
- 2.8 HVAC Manufacturers in the U.S. Market
- 2.8.1 Aaon
- 2.8.2 Carrier/United Technologies
- 2.8.3 Honeywell
- 2.8.4 Lennox
- 2.8.5 Siemens
- 2.8.6 Trane/Ingersoll-Rand
- 2.8.7 York/Johnson Controls
3. Technology Issues
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Emerging Design
- 3.2.1 Integrated Design
- 3.2.2 Building Information Modeling
- 3.2.3 Demand Controlled Ventilation
- 3.2.4 Mixed Mode Ventilation (Passive + Mechanical)
- 3.2.5 Dedicated Outdoor Air Systems
- 3.2.5.1 Regenerative Dual Duct Systems
- 3.2.5.2 Buildings for a Sustainable Climate
- 3.3 Emerging Technologies with Market Scenarios
- 3.3.1 Energy Management and Control in Buildings
- 3.3.1.1 Building Management Systems/Building Automation Systems
- 3.3.1.2 EMS
- 3.3.1.3 Integration
- 3.3.1.4 Building Energy Management Systems
- 3.3.1.5 Drivers
- 3.3.1.5.1 Convergence of BMS and IT
- 3.3.1.5.2 Smart Grid
- 3.3.1.6 Barriers
- 3.3.1.7 Market
- 3.3.1.8 Key Industry Players
- 3.3.1.8.1 Aircuity
- 3.3.1.8.2 Optimum Energy
- 3.3.1.8.3 Telkonet
- 3.3.1.9 Scenarios
- 3.3.2 Onsite Thermal Energy Storage
- 3.3.2.1 Overview
- 3.3.2.2 Drivers
- 3.3.2.2.1 For Utilities
- 3.3.2.2.2 For Building Owners
- 3.3.2.3 Barriers
- 3.3.2.4 Market
- 3.3.2.4.1 Calmac
- 3.3.2.4.2 Ice Energy
- 3.3.2.5 Scenarios
- 3.3.2.5.1 Building Integrated TES
- 3.3.3 Underfloor Air Distribution
- 3.3.3.1 Overview
- 3.3.3.2 Drivers
- 3.3.3.3 Barriers
- 3.3.3.4 Market
- 3.3.4 High-Performance Rooftop Units
- 3.3.4.1 Features and Challenges
- 3.3.4.2 Drivers
- 3.3.4.3 Barriers
- 3.3.4.4 Market
- 3.3.4.5 Scenarios
- 3.3.5 Geothermal Heat Pumps
- 3.3.5.1 Water Source Heat Pumps
- 3.3.5.2 Drivers
- 3.3.5.3 Barriers
- 3.3.5.4 Market
- 3.4 Additional Emerging Technologies
- 3.4.1 Displacement Ventilation
- 3.4.1.1 Drivers
- 3.4.1.2 Barriers
- 3.4.1.3 Market
- 3.4.2 Split Ductless Heat Pumps
- 3.4.2.1 Overview
- 3.4.2.2 Drivers
- 3.4.2.3 Barriers
- 3.4.2.4 Market
- 3.4.3 Thermally Powered Cooling
- 3.4.3.1 Types
- 3.4.3.1.1 Absorption Size
- 3.4.3.1.2 Absorption Applications
- 3.4.3.1.3 Absorption Heat Source, Installation, and Operation
- 3.4.3.1.4 Absorption Environmental Hazards
- 3.4.3.1.5 Manufacturers
- 3.4.3.1.6 Adsorption Drivers
- 3.4.3.1.7 Barriers
- 3.4.3.1.8 Dehumidification
- 3.4.3.1.9 Solid Desiccant
- 3.4.3.1.10 Liquid Desiccant
- 3.4.3.1.11 Direct and Indirect Evaporation
- 3.4.3.2 Solar Thermal Cooling
- 3.4.4 Chilled Beams
- 3.4.4.1 Drivers
- 3.4.4.2 Bariers
- 3.4.4.3 Market
- 3.4.5 Energy and Heat Recovery Ventilation
- 3.4.5.1 Drivers
- 3.4.5.2 Barriers
- 3.4.5.3 Market
- 3.4.6 Radiant Panels and Slabs
- 3.4.6.1 Drivers
- 3.4.6.2 Barriers
- 3.4.6.3 Market
- 3.5 Beyond the Scope of this Report
- 3.5.1 Combined Heat and Power
- 3.5.2 District Thermal Energy
- 3.5.3 High Volume Low Speed Fans
4. Market Scenarios
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Scenario 1: Business as Usual
- 4.3 Scenario 2: Radical Efficiency
5. Acronym and Abbreviation List
6. Company Directory
7. Table of Contents
8. Table of Charts and Figures
9. Scope of Study, Sources and Methodology, Notes
List of Charts and Figures
- Total Space by Sector: ENERGY STAR Rated vs. Not Rated
- Certified Green Building Space, United States: 2010-2015
- Building Energy Management System Revenue, United States: 2010-2015
- Ice-Based Thermal Energy Storage Revenue, Rooftop Units, North America:
2010-2015
- Ice-Based Thermal Energy Storage Revenue, Custom Systems, United States:
2010-2015
- Underfloor Air Distribution Revenue, United States: 2010-2015
- Commercial Floor Space with RTUs for Primary Cooling by Application,
United States
- Annual Cooling Energy Used by RTUs by Application, United States
- Western Climate Challenge-Certified Rooftop Unit Revenue, United States:
2011-2015
- Geothermal Heat Pumps in Commercial Buildings, Annual Revenue, Including
Equipment and Installation, United States: 2010-2015
- States with Decoupling Legislation
- Survey Respondents Who Consider Energy Efficiency a Priority
- Longest Payback Period Allowed for a Significant Energy Efficiency
Investment
List of Tables
- Total Space by Sector: ENERGY STAR Rated vs. Not Rated
- Certified Green Building Space by Program and Segment, United States:
2010-2015
- Certified Green Building Space, United States: 2010-2015
- Building Energy Management System Revenue, United States: 2010-2015
- Ice-Based Thermal Energy Storage Revenue, Rooftop Units, North America:
2010-2015
- Ice-Based Thermal Energy Storage Revenue, Custom Systems, United States:
2010-2015
- Underfloor Air Distribution Revenue, United States: 2010-2015
- Commercial Floor Space with RTUs for Primary Cooling by Application,
United States
- Annual Cooling Energy Used by RTUs by Application, United States
- Western Climate Challenge-Certified Rooftop Unit Revenue, United States:
2011-2015
- Geothermal Heat Pumps in Commercial Buildings, Annual Revenue, Including
Equipment and Installation, United States: 2010-2015
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