雲端運算的能源效率：利用SaaS・PaaS・IaaS的資料中心之節能以及碳排放降低

本報告，調查分析雲端運算於能源效率上的優點，並彙整雲端運算的需求牽引因子、技術發展動向、主要企業的檔案資料、雲端運算於節能上的可能性預測等，由下列摘要形式闡述。

第1章 報告摘要

第2章 市場

• 雲端運算：定義
• 雲端運算市場的市場區塊
  • 市場區塊：功能別
    • SaaS
    • PaaS
    • IaaS
  • 市場區塊：商業模式別
    • 公共雲端
    • 私有雲端
    • 複合雲端
• 影響雲端運算的市場動向
  • 寬頻網路的成長
  • 智慧型手機的導入
  • 現在的不景氣的影響
• 摩爾定律與能源部門
  • 做為摩爾定律副產物的熱能
  • 市場的進化
  • 使用不足
• 公共雲端的供應商：規模經濟

第3章 技術

• 雲端運算的能源效率技術
• 虛擬化
  • VMware與Citrix
  • 個案研究：猶他州
  • 使用上的課題
• 伺服器所需能源的降低
• 網路以及資料儲存裝置所需能源的降低
• 網路傳輸・伺服器處理・資料儲存裝置維持所需能源的降低
  • 網路
  • 軟體
  • 資料儲存
• 資料中心的保護與調節系統周圍的能源效率改善
• 冷卻的改善
• 電力使用的改善
• 資料中心：更佳地點的轉移

第4章 市場預測

• 雲端運算市場預測
• 雲端運算的能源儲存可能性
  • 資料中心的能源支出
  • 資料中心的能源消費
  • 資料中心的溫室氣體排放
• 導入的阻礙
• 影響雲端運算的其他因子
• 邁向可持續的未來

第5章 主要企業

第6章 企業名錄

第7章 省略語等

圖表

Abstract

The market for cloud computing services has continued to expand despite a general decline in economic activity in most of the world. In fact, Pike Research expects the growth in cloud computing revenue to continue worldwide between now and 2015 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 28.8%, with the market increasing from $46.0 billion in 2009 to $210.3 billion by 2015.

Growth in cloud computing has some important consequences for both greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and sustainability. Thanks to massive investments in new data center technologies, computing clouds in general and public clouds in particular are able to achieve industry-leading rates of efficiency. Simply put, clouds are better utilized and less expensive to operate than traditional data centers. Moreover, Pike Research' s analysis indicates that only the very largest of organizations - both commercial and governmental - will have the capital and expertise to achieve a similar level of efficiency at a comparable cost. As a result, we anticipate that much of the work done today in internal data centers will be outsourced to the cloud by 2020, resulting in significant reductions in energy consumption, associated energy expenses, and GHG emissions from data center operations versus a business as usual (BAU) scenario.

This Pike Research report provides an in-depth analysis of the energy efficiency benefits of cloud computing, including an assessment of the software as a service (SaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and infrastructure as a service (IaaS) markets. The study examines the key demand drivers and technical developments related to cloud computing, in addition to detailed profiles of key industry players. Market forecasts include a quantification of energy savings and GHG reduction opportunities under a cloud computing adoption scenario, with a forecast period extending through 2020.

Key questions addressed:

• What cost advantage do public cloud computing providers hold over traditional data centers?
• How are cloud providers defining the operational objectives of the entire computer business?
• What are the key strategies among cloud computing providers, especially with regard to energy efficiency?
• What is the opportunity to improve sustainability by moving to the cloud?
• What kind of ROI does cloud computing provide from an energy efficiency perspective?
• How much impact will the adoption of cloud computing have on carbon emissions from data center operations?

Who needs this report?

• Enterprise IT managers
• Corporate sustainability officers
• IT hardware manufacturers
• Enterprise software vendors
• SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS vendors
• Utilities
• Investor community
• Government agencies

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

2. Market Issues

• 2.1 Definition of Cloud Computing
• 2.2 Segments of the Cloud Computing Market
  • 2.2.1 Segmentation by Function
    • 2.2.1.1 Software as a Service
    • 2.2.1.2 Platform as a Service
    • 2.2.1.3 Infrastructure as a Service
  • 2.2.2 Segmentation by Business Model
    • 2.2.2.1 Public Cloud
    • 2.2.2.2 Private Cloud
    • 2.2.2.3 Hybrid Cloud
• 2.3 Market Trends Affecting Cloud Computing
  • 2.3.1 Broadband Internet Growth
  • 2.3.2 Smartphone Adoption
  • 2.3.3 Effects of the Current Recession
• 2.4 The Energy Consequences of Moore' s Law
  • 2.4.1 Heat as a Byproduct of Moore' s Law
  • 2.4.2 Evolution of the Market
  • 2.4.3 Underutilization
• 2.5 Public Cloud Provider Economies of Scale

3. Technology Issues

• 3.1 Energy Efficient Technologies for Cloud Computing
• 3.2 Virtualization
  • 3.2.1 Vmware and Citrix
  • 3.2.2 Case Study - State of Utah
  • 3.2.3 Utilization Issues
• 3.3 Reducing the Amount of Energy Servers Require
• 3.4 Reducing the Amount of Energy Networks and Data Storage Devices Require
• 3.5 Reducing the Amount of Data Networks Transfer, Servers Process, and Data Storage Devices Retain
  • 3.5.1 Networks
  • 3.5.2 Software
  • 3.5.3 Data Storage
• 3.6 Improving the Energy Efficiency of the Envelope of Systems Protecting and Conditioning the Data Center
• 3.7 Improved Cooling
• 3.8 Improving Power Use
• 3.9 Moving the Data Center to a Better Location

4. Market Forecasts

• 4.1 Cloud Computing Market Forecasts
• 4.2 Cloud Computing' s Energy Savings Potential
  • 4.2.1 Data Center Energy Expenditures
  • 4.2.2 Data Center Energy Consumption
  • 4.2.3 Data Center Greenhouse Gas Emissions
• 4.3 Obstacles to Adoption
• 4.4 Other Factors Affecting Cloud Computing
  • 4.4.1 Possible Effects of Peak Oil Production
• 4.5 Moving Toward a Sustainable Future

5. Key Industry Players

• 5.1 Overview
  • 5.1.1 Amazon.com
  • 5.1.2 Citrix Systems
  • 5.1.3 CloudSigma
  • 5.1.4 GoGrid
  • 5.1.5 Google
  • 5.1.6 Hosting.com
  • 5.1.7 IBM
  • 5.1.8 Joyent
  • 5.1.9 Microsoft
  • 5.1.10 Rackspace
  • 5.1.11 Savvis
  • 5.1.12 TechTurn
  • 5.1.13 Terremark
  • 5.1.14 Vmware

6. Company Directory

7. Acronym and Abbreviation List

8. Table of Contents

9. Table of Charts and Figures

10. Scope of Study, Sources and Methodology, Key Forecast Assumptions, Notes

List of Charts and Figures

• Data Center Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Scenario, World Markets: 2009-2020
• Software as a Service (SaaS) Revenue, World Markets: 2009-2015
• Platform as a Service (PaaS) Revenue, World Markets: 2009-2015
• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Revenue, World Markets: 2009-2015
• Virtualization Market Penetration: 2010
• Cloud Computing Revenue by Technology Sector, World Markets: 2009-2015
• Cloud Computing Revenue by Spend, World Markets: 2009-2015
• Data Center Energy Expenditures by Scenario, World Markets: 2009-2020
• Data Center Energy Consumption by Scenario, World Markets: 2009-2020
• Data Center Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Scenario, World Markets: 2009-2020
• Comparison of Traditional and Public Cloud Computing
• Comparison of Traditional and Private Cloud Computing
• Comparison of Traditional and Hybrid Cloud Computing

List of Tables

• Estimated Costs of an Hour of Server Downtime for Business Services
• Impact of Utilization and PUE on Energy Savings
• Sample Open Source Software Cloud Projects
• Disk Storage Technologies that Save Energy
• Impact of Utilization on Energy Savings
• Data Center Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Business as Usual, World Markets: 2009-2020
• Data Center Energy Consumption, Business as Usual, World Markets: 2009-2020
• Data Center Energy Expenditures, Business as Usual, World Markets: 2009-2020
• Data Center Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Cloud Computing Adoption Scenario, World Markets: 2009-2020
• Data Center Energy Consumption, Cloud Computing Adoption Scenario, World Markets: 2009-2020
• Data Center Energy Expenditures, Cloud Computing Adoption Scenario, World Markets: 2009-2020
• Cloud Computing Revenue by Spend, World Markets: 2009-2015
• Cloud Computing Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2009-2015
• Cloud Computing Revenue by Technology Sector, World Markets: 2009-2015
• Cloud Computing Revenue by Technology Sector, North America: 2009-2015
• Cloud Computing Revenue by Technology Sector, Europe: 2009-2015
• Cloud Computing Revenue by Technology Sector, Asia-Pacific: 2009-2015
• Cloud Computing Market Regional Share: 2009
• Cloud Computing Market Regional Share: 2015
• Virtualization Market Penetration: 2010