需求反應：商業・工業・住宅應用導向的尖峰需求負載管理

本報告，針對商業・工業・住宅部門的需求反應產品以及服務進行調查，並分析影響需求反應計畫的市場課題和需求因子等，由下列摘要形式闡述。

第1章 報告摘要

第2章 市場概要

• 定義
• 需求反應的優點
• 需求反應的潛力
• 需求反應的功能結構
• FERC的需求反應評價
• 商業和工業市場的發展因素
• 商業和工業市場的發展阻礙因素
• 商業/工業應用 vs. 住宅應用
• 住宅市場
• 費用基礎的需求反應
• 誘因型態・計畫
• 縮減服務供應商
• 需求反應的IT業者

第3章　法規情況

• 需求反應的相關法規
• ISO/RTO
• 去耦

第4章　技術課題

• 硬體
• 自動需求反應
• 產業別：系統管理

第5章 競爭情況

• Bridge Energy Group
• Constellation NewEnergy
• CPower
• Comverge, Inc.
• Cooper Power Systems
• Eisenbach Consulting
• EnergyConnect Group, Inc.
• Energy Curtailment Specialists, Inc.
• EnerNOC
• Honeywell
• IBM
• Infotility
• Pacific Gas & Electric
• Powerit Solutions
• Southern California Edison
• Viridity Energy
• Verisae
• Ziphany

第6章 樣品・公用事業需求反應計畫

• Pacific Gas & Electric的需求反應
• 參與層級

第7章 市場預測

• 需求反應的整體市場
• 契約下的總百萬伏特數
• 需求反應的總收益
• 法規預測
• 智慧電表
• 細分化的需求反應市場的展望
• 住宅・商業・工業市場的分析

第8章 專業用語集

第8章 目錄

第10章 圖表

第11章 調查範圍・調查來源・註記

Abstract

The primary goal of Demand Response (DR) is to reduce electricity consumption during periods of peak demand. An innovative combination of technology and business relationships, DR holds the promise of significant economic, environmental, and social benefits. Most notably, it helps utilities avoid the high capital costs of constructing peaking power plants that are only used a few days a year. Instead, the utility can implement DR networks at a fraction of the cost.

The DR market is currently nascent and fragmented. Pike Research anticipates that as the DR market matures, major Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) and IT players will invest in the space, boosting revenues and making DR products and services more sophisticated and attractive to utilities and end-users. After this period of consolidation and evolution, Pike Research expects that DR will become less of a discrete market and more of an application within a greater energy efficiency suite. Pike Research forecasts that, in the midst of these changes, DR revenues will grow at a 17% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) from 2010 to 2020, resulting in an annual market of more than $8 billion by 2020.

This Pike Research report examines the market for demand response products and services in the commercial, industrial, and residential sectors. The study analyzes market issues and demand drivers, including the effects of demand response programs, legislative and regulatory issues, customer incentives, and dynamic pricing structures. Additionally, the report includes three different forecast scenarios that quantify the demand response market opportunity through 2020.

Key questions addressed:

• What are the key dynamics of the commercial demand response market?
• What are the key dynamics of the industrial demand response market?
• What are the key dynamics of the residential demand response market?
• What are best practices for a utility demand response program?
• How will the competitive landscape evolve over the next several years?
• What are the key technologies that will be utilized for demand response?
• What is the overall market opportunity for demand response under different legislative and economic scenarios?

Who needs this report?

• Curtailment Service Providers
• Utilities
• ISOs/RTOs
• Building owners and managers
• Smart grid technology vendors
• Building systems vendors
• ESCOs
• IT companies
• Government agencies
• Investor community

Report Statistics

• Pages: 79
• Tables, Charts, Figures: 46
• Release Date: 2Q 2010

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

2. Market Overview

• 2.1 Definitions
  • 2.1.1 U.S. Department of Energy
  • 2.1.2 National Institute of Standards and Technology
  • 2.1.3 Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
  • 2.1.4 North American Electric Reliability Corporation
  • 2.1.5 Pike Research
• 2.2 Demand Response Benefits
• 2.3 Demand Response Potentials
• 2.4 Demand Response Working Structure
• 2.5 FERC Demand Response Assessment
  • 2.5.1 Business-as-Usual:
  • 2.5.2 Expanded Business-as-Usual:
  • 2.5.3 Achievable Participation
  • 2.5.4 Full Participation
• 2.6 Commercial and Industrial Market Drivers
  • 2.6.1 Growing Demand for Energy
  • 2.6.2 Low Cost to Implement Demand Response
  • 2.6.3 Need for Grid Intelligence, Stability, and Efficiency
  • 2.6.4 Alternatives
  • 2.6.5 Peak Demand
    • 2.6.5.1 Cost Reduction for End-Users / Utilities
    • 2.6.5.2 Corporate Sustainability
    • 2.6.5.3 Nascent Market Dynamics
    • 2.6.5.4 Renewable Distributed Energy Generation and Energy Storage
• 2.7 Commercial and Industrial Market Barriers
  • 2.7.1 Additional Units of Energy
  • 2.7.2 Market Maturity
  • 2.7.3 Traditional IT Entrants
  • 2.7.4 Construction of More Efficient Buildings
  • 2.7.5 Lackluster Legislation and Funding
• 2.8 C&I Applications vs. Residential Applications
• 2.9 Residential
  • 2.9.1 Drivers
    • 2.9.1.1 Smart Grid Technologies
    • 2.9.1.2 Decelerating Growth Rate in Commercial and Industrial
    • 2.9.1.3 Difficult for Competition to Enter
  • 2.9.2 Barriers
    • 2.9.2.1 C&I Sector is the Low-Hanging Fruit of the Industry
    • 2.9.2.2 Big Brother
• 2.10 Price-Based Demand Response
  • 2.10.1 Real-Time Pricing
  • 2.10.2 Time-of-Use Pricing
  • 2.10.3 Critical Peak Pricing
• 2.11 Incentive Based Programs
• 2.12 Curtailment Service Providers
• 2.13 IT Players in Demand Response

3. Regulatory Landscape

• 3.1 Demand Response-Related Legislation
  • 3.1.1 EISA 2007
  • 3.1.2 Federal Electricity Peak Demand Reduction Standard
  • 3.1.3 Carbon Cap and Trade
  • 3.1.4 Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
  • 3.1.5 Renewable Portfolio Standards
  • 3.1.6 National Institute of Standards and Technology
• 3.2 ISO/RTO Structure
• 3.3 Decoupling

4. Technology Issues

• 4.1 Hardware
  • 4.1.1 Smart Meters
  • 4.1.2 Load Management Devices
    • 4.1.2.1 Load Control Module
    • 4.1.2.2 Energy Information Displays
    • 4.1.2.3 Smart Thermostats
  • 4.1.3 Automation Controls
  • 4.1.4 Energy Management Systems
    • 4.1.4.1 EMS Hardware
    • 4.1.4.2 EMS Software
• 4.2 Automatic Demand Response
  • 4.2.1 OpenADR
    • 4.2.1.1 OpenADR SWOT Analysis
      • 4.2.1.1.1 Strengths
      • 4.2.1.1.2 Weaknesses
      • 4.2.1.1.3 Opportunities
      • 4.2.1.1.4 Threats
    • 4.2.1.2 Utilities Offering OpenADR
      • 4.2.1.2.1 Pacific Gas & Electric
      • 4.2.1.2.2 Southern California Edison
      • 4.2.1.2.3 San Diego Gas & Electric
  • 4.2.2 OpenADR News
• 4.3 Verticals - System Management
  • 4.3.1 Retail
  • 4.3.2 Manufacturing
  • 4.3.3 Healthcare
  • 4.3.4 Grocery
  • 4.3.5 Office
  • 4.3.6 Hospitality
  • 4.3.7 Education
  • 4.3.8 Agriculture

5. Competitive Landscape

• 5.1 Bridge Energy Group
• 5.2 Constellation NewEnergy
• 5.3 CPower
• 5.4 Comverge, Inc.
• 5.5 Cooper Power Systems
• 5.6 Eisenbach Consulting
• 5.7 EnergyConnect Group, Inc.
• 5.8 Energy Curtailment Specialists, Inc.
• 5.9 EnerNOC
• 5.10 Honeywell
• 5.11 IBM
• 5.12 Infotility
• 5.13 Pacific Gas & Electric
• 5.14 Powerit Solutions
• 5.15 Southern California Edison
• 5.16 Viridity Energy
• 5.17 Verisae
• 5.18 Ziphany

6. Sample Utility Demand Response Program

• 6.1 Pacific Gas & Electric Demand Response - Large Commercial & Industrial/Aggregator
• 6.2 Participation Levels
  • 6.2.1 Peak Choice Committed
  • 6.2.2 Measurement and Verification
  • 6.2.3 Peak Choice Program Qualifications
  • 6.2.4 Peak Choice Best Effort
  • 6.2.5 Measurement & Verification
  • 6.2.6 Advance Notice
  • 6.2.7 Base Interruptible Program
    • 6.2.7.1 Option A:
      • 6.2.7.1.1 Incentives
    • 6.2.7.2 Option B:
      • 6.2.7.2.1 Aggregators
  • 6.2.8 Critical Peak Pricing
    • 6.2.8.1 Incentives
  • 6.2.9 Demand Bidding Program
    • 6.2.9.1 Day-ahead events
    • 6.2.9.2 Day-of events
  • 6.2.10 Aggregator Programs
    • 6.2.10.1 Aggregator Managed Portfolio
  • 6.2.11 Capacity Biding Program
    • 6.2.11.1 Qualified aggregators
  • 6.2.12 Demand Response - Small Commercial/Other Programs
    • 6.2.12.1 SmartAC Program
  • 6.2.13 Scheduled Load Reduction Program
  • 6.2.14 Optional Binding Mandatory Curtailment Plan
  • 6.2.15 Automated Demand Response Program (Auto DR)
    • 6.2.15.1 Incentive
  • 6.2.16 Technology Incentive Program
  • 6.2.17 Energy Orb
    • 6.2.17.1 Orb Color Key

7. Market Forecasts

• 7.1 Total Demand Response Market
• 7.2 Total Megawatts Under Contract
  • 7.2.1 Megawatts Under Contract Forecast
• 7.3 Total Demand Response Revenues
  • 7.3.1 2010 through 2012
  • 7.3.2 2013 through 2015
  • 7.3.3 2016 through 2020
• 7.4 Legislative Forecasts
  • 7.4.1 2010 through 2012
  • 7.4.2 2013 through 2015
  • 7.4.3 2016 through 2020
  • 7.4.4 Aggressive Scenario Assumptions
    • 7.4.4.1 2010 through 2012
    • 7.4.4.2 2013 through 2015
    • 7.4.4.3 2016 through 2020
• 7.5 Smart Meters
  • 7.5.1 2010 through 2012
  • 7.5.2 2013 through 2015
  • 7.5.3 2016 through 2020
• 7.6 Fragmented DR Market Predictions
  • 7.6.1 Energy Service Companies
  • 7.6.2 Energy Efficiency Platform
  • 7.6.3 Energy Management Systems
  • 7.6.4 Energy Efficiency Market
• 7.7 Residential, Commercial, Industrial Market Analysis

8. Acronym and Abbreviation List

9. Table of Contents

10. Table of Figures

11. Scope of Study, Sources and Methodology, Notes

List of Charts and Figures

• Total DR Market Revenue Forecast, Base and Average Scenarios, United States: 2010-2020
• Peak Demand - Winter, Summer, and Average, United States: 2003-2012
• Estimated Demand Response Captured (MW) Commercial and Industrial, United States: 2008
• Annual Electricity Usage by Segment, United States: 2008
• Smart Meter Unit Shipments and Installed Base Penetration, United States: 2008-2015
• Residential Electricity Usage per Household by Region, United States: 2008
• Total MW Under Contract, Demand Response Market, United States: 2009
• Total MW Under Contract, Base Scenario, Demand Response Market, United States: 2015
• Total MW Under Contract, Average Scenario, Demand Response Market, United States: 2015
• Total MW Under Contract, Aggressive Scenario, Demand Response Market, United States: 2015
• Total DR Market Revenue Forecast, Base and Average Scenarios, United States.: 2010-2020
• Total Demand Response Market Revenues Forecast, All Scenarios, United States: 2010-2020
• Demand Response Potential, Peak Load Reduction, United States: 2009-2020
• Smart Meter Unit Shipments and Installed Base Penetration, United States: 2008-2015
• Total Potential Energy Efficiency Market for Commercial Buildings by Usage, United States: 2009
• Price-Based and Incentive-Based Demand Response: Residential, Commercial, and Industrial Sectors
• Demand Response Working Structure
• Projected United States Peak Demand by Scenario
• TOU with Critical Peak Pricing Period
• Price-Based and Incentive-Based Demand Response: Residential, Commercial, and Industrial Sectors
• ISO/RTO Structure, North America
• State Electricity Decoupling; United States
• Demand Response Automation Server
• Client and Logic Integrated Relay Box
• AutoDR Event
• Residential Demand Response Market Analysis, United States: 2010-2020
• Commercial Demand Response Market Analysis, United States: 2010-2020
• Industrial Demand Response Market Analysis, United States: 2010-2020

List of Tables

• Total Demand Response Market Revenue Forecast, Base and Average Scenarios, United States: 2010-2020
• Peak Demand - Winter, Summer, and Average, United States: 2003-2012
• Estimated Demand Response Captured (MW), Commercial and Industrial; United States, 2008
• Annual Electricity Usage by Segment, United States: 2008
• Smart Meter Unit Shipments and Installed Base Penetration, United States: 2008-2015
• Residential Electricity Usage per Household by Region, United States: 2008
• Total MW Under Contract, Demand Response Market, United States: 2015
• Total MW Under Contract, Base Scenario, Demand Response Market, United States: 2015
• Total MW Under Contract, Average Scenario, Demand Response Market, United States: 2015
• Total MW Under Contract, Aggressive Scenario, Demand Response Market, United States: 2015
• Total Demand Response Market Revenue Forecast, Base and Average Scenarios, United States: 2010-2020
• Total Demand Response Market Revenue Forecast, All Scenarios, United States: 2010-2020
• Demand Response Potential, Peak Load Reduction, United States: 2009-2020
• Smart Meter Unit Shipments and Installed Base Penetration, United States: 2008-2015
• Total Potential Energy Efficiency Market for Commercial Buildings by Usage,United States: 2009

2010年到2020年需求反應市場的收益以CAGR17％擴大