Abstract
This new Biennial Report covers: IPv6 addressing system, hexadecimal
text-based address representation, Global Unicast addresses, Unique Local
Unicast addresses, Link Local Unicast addresses, Centrally Assigned Unique
Local addresses, Anycast and Multicast addresses, lower 64 bit generation from
EUI-64 MAC address, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol version 6 (DHCPv6),
stateless autoconfiguration, /48 prefixes for end-users, Internet Control
Message Protocol version 6 (ICMPv6), neighbour discovery, extension headers:
hop-by-hop options, destination options, routing, fragmentation,
authentication, Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP), SHIM6 and mobility; DNS
AAAA record, Mobile IPv6, home agent, care-of address, bi-directional tunnel
mode, route optimisation, NEMO, HMIPv6, multihoming, SHIM6 interworking with
Mobile IPv6, growth in the global IPv6 BGP routing table, routing
advertisement filtering, RIR policies on PI space for end-users, competition
in IPv6 addressing, 6to4, Teredo, Vista IPv6 connectivity, ISATAP, Tunnel
Broker, Softwire, IPv6 adoption in mobile devices, for IMS (IP Multimedia
Subsystem), China, the USA, and Korea.
This handbook also contains discussion of:
- Future problems with the routing system unless new architectural elements
are added to enable multihoming and portability without relying on BGP or
host-based systems such as SHIM6.
- Suitability of SHIM6 for multihoming.
- Transition arrangements for IPv6 connectivity via IPv4 tunnels.
- Competition in IPv6 address allocation.
Table of Contents
1. TCP, UDP & SCTP
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 TCP/IP packets
- 1.2.1 IPv4 header
- 1.2.2 Routing
- 1.2.3 UDP packet
- 1.2.4 TCP
- 1.3 IP addresses
- 1.3.1 Overview
- 1.3.2 TCP and UDP port numbers
- 1.3.3 Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)
- 1.3.4 Network and broadcast address
- 1.4 Transition to IPv6
- 1.4.1 IPv6 islands in an IPv4 sea
- 1.4.2 Dual stack networks
- 1.4.3 Avoiding Network Address Translation (NAT)
- 1.4.4 IPv6 benefits
2. IPv6
- 2.1 Addressing
- 2.1.1 Introduction
- 2.1.2 128 bit addressing
- 2.1.3 Unicast and alternatives
- 2.1.4 Global Unicast Addresses
- 2.1.5 Sparseness as a form of security
- 2.2 Autoconfiguration, ICMPv6 & Neighbour Discovery
- 2.2.1 Introduction
- 2.2.2 The lower 64 address bits
- 2.2.3 Autoconfiguration
- 2.2.4 Renumbering when changing ISP
- 2.2.5 ICMPv6 and Neighbour discovery
- 2.3 Headers & DNS
- 2.3.1 Introduction
- 2.3.2 Headers
- 2.3.3 Domain Name System (DNS)
- 2.4 Address selection & mobility
- 2.4.1 Introduction
- 2.4.2 Address selection
- 2.4.3 MTU and Packet Fragmentation
- 2.4.4 Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6)
- 2.5 Multihoming & SHIM6
- 2.5.1 Introduction
- 2.5.2 Types of multihoming
- 2.5.3 PA or PI addresses for IPv6
- 2.5.4 SHIM6
- 2.6 Address management
- 2.6.1 Introduction
- 2.6.2 The IPv6 BGP Routing Table
- 2.7 Transition & adoption
- 2.7.1 Introduction
- 2.7.2 IPv6 via IPv4 tunnels
- 2.7.3 Transition to IPv6
- 2.7.4 IPv6 for mobile devices
- 2.7.5 IPv6 adoption forever in the future?
3. Glossary of Abbreviations
EXHIBITS:
- Exhibit 1 - An 8 address TCP/IP subnet
- Exhibit 2 - Assigned subnets of IPv6 addresses
- Exhibit 3 - Bit functions of IPv6 Global Unicast Addresses
- Exhibit 4 - OSI layered model: a web-browsing, TCP/IP and Ethernet example
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