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市場調查報告書

核能的全球市場：2011年第1版

NRG Expert Global Nuclear Report Ed 1, 2011

出版商	NRGExpert
出版日期	2011年07月	商品編碼	204755
內容資訊	英文 597 Pages
價格	US $ 1785 PDF by E-mail (Single User License) US $ 2115 Hard Copy US $ 3570 PDF by E-mail (Enterprise License)

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核能的全球市場：2011年第1版 是由出版商NRGExpert在2011年07月所出版的。這份英文市場調查報告書包含597 Pages 價格從美金1785起跳。

簡介

長期不明確的核能發電再興之路終於出現具體性。但是，那並非是受到期待的新發電設施的全球建設激增，而是全球的東西方呈現往不同方向前進的樣貌。亞洲的經濟大國將重視新設施建設做為供給不足的對策，另一方面，歐美各國補強既有設施，朝延長其壽命的方向前進。不花成本且易獲得大眾支持為其理由。過去10年歐美新設施建設的停滯，造成韓國與中國在國內外的市場上佔有一席之地。據說兩國擁有以低成本且短期日程執行核子反應爐建設的能力。此外，專業技術上，在歐美擁有優勢前進化當中。在此之中，阿拉伯聯合大公國的核能計劃契約上，以韓國的KEPCO為中心的企業聯盟造成擊退經驗度佳的Areva和EDF的結果。擁有能力的核能企業在國際合作下獲得契約的事例也不勝枚舉。另一方面，也有如俄羅斯為締結鈾的長期供應契約而以低價進行的方式。在燃料價格高漲時，這也可說是聰明的策略。俄羅斯現在在國內以及鄰近的蒙古與哈薩克進行資源探索作業，並獎勵國內外大規模鈾供應事業的養成。長期來說，擁有全球第一鈾產出量的哈薩克可能會成為競爭對手。此外，供應穩定，加上所儲存廢棄物可削減的優點，在廢棄物處理對策上採用鈾燃料再處理技術的國家也在增加當中。

根據NRG的短期預測，在歐美既有設施的補強受到重視，僅對於老化且無法保有經濟性的設施進行新設。其新型建設由於比較小型化，被認為是節省成本。相對的，在亞洲以及俄羅斯，不但設施補強且新建設也持續，許多國家也將擁有國際合作能力和適切技術資格的歐美企業的製造關連視為契約確保的要件。

不過，不論東西洋，核能發電再興的狀況受到3月11日日本震災結果的大幅影響。核子反應爐以及受災地居民的被害程度、大眾對於核能的意見將成為其轉捩點。

本報告，彙整核能發電的國際環境等最新情報，由下列摘要形式闡述。

第1章報告摘要

概要

第2章核能發電的現況

概要
- 核能發電的現況
- 重點的2004-2011年
- 核能基礎建設的時代
- 國家別今後的核能發電能力

第3章核能以及電力的統計數值

概要

第4章核燃料回收與支援產業

概要
初期階段與稼動期間
最終階段

第5章核能技術與核能史

概要
核子反應爐的輸出
核子反應的基本原則
核子反應爐的種類

第6章危險性與安全問題、國際核能事件分級表（INES）

概要
國際核能事件分級表

第7章鈾的蘊藏量以及生產量

概要

第8章核能經濟學

概要

第9章核能的公共電力供應

概要
南北美
歐洲
CIS（獨立國協）
亞洲
非洲

第10章核能發電設施・機器製造企業、全球大型企業

概要

第11章核能相關的國際機關

概要

第12章各國檔案資料

概要
北美
歐洲
CIS
亞洲
南美

The nuclear renaissance has been long overdue and finally appears to be materialising, but not with the anticipated surge of new build worldwide. Instead there is a clear East-West divide. Asian giants are focusing on new build to meet supply shortages and countries in Europe and North America are opting to uprate existing facilities and extend their lifetime. As often this is cheaper and more accept-able to public opinion.

As there has been limited new build in the West over the past ten years, South Korea and China are starting to gain a strong hold in the domestic and international market. Both countries are reportedly producing reactors at lower cost, to schedule and in a short time. They also have developed expertise in the area, which has been lost in many Western countries due to nuclear stagnation. Thus a consortium led by Korea' s KEPCO won a contract for nuclear projects in the United Arab Emirates over more experienced companies such as Areva and EDF.

Consequently, some of the more established nuclear companies are using or considering using international collaboration to win contracts; or, like Russia are offering discounts on new build for long-term uranium supply contracts. With uranium prices rising, the latter seems a good strategy. Presently Russia is conducting extensive exploratory work both internally and in neighbouring Mongolia and Kazakhstan. In the hope of Russia becoming a major uranium supplier for domestic and international projects and, consequently, a major project developer.

In the long-term competition may come from Kazakhstan. Now that Kazakhstan is the number one producer of uranium and has entered into co-operation agreements to develop nuclear technology within the country.

There has also been an increase in the number of countries adopting reprocessing of uranium fuel as a waste management strategy. This has the advantages of security of supply and a reduction in the amount of waste going to storage.

Highlights

In the short-term in Western countries, NRG EXPERT expects the sector to focus on plant upgrades then new build when upgrades on existing facilities are no longer economic. Then new build plants maybe smaller, as they are cheaper to build. By contrast, in the East and Russia, some upgrading of existing facilities will take plant, but new build will continue apace. The local manufacturing requirement in many of these countries will mean that only western companies with international links or desirable licensed technologies will secure contracts.

Although for both the East and West, the extent of the renaissance will largely depend upon the consequence of the March 11th earthquake in Japan. In terms of the actual damage caused to the reactors themselves and residents in the vicinity and to public opinion on nuclear power.

Table of Tables

Table of Figures

1.0 Executive Summary

Overview

2.0 Status of nuclear power

Overview
2.1 Status of nuclear power
2.2 Highlights 2004 to January 2011
2.3 Age of nuclear infrastructure
2.4 Future nuclear capacity
- 2.5.1 Albania
- 2.5.2 Algeria
- 2.5.4 Azerbaijan
- 2.5.6 Belarus
- 2.5.7 Chile
- 2.5.8 Croatia
- 2.5.9 Ecuador
- 2.5.11 Georgia
- 2.5.12 Ghana
- 2.5.13 Gulf States
- 2.5.14 Indonesia
- 2.5.15 Iran
- 2.5.16 Ireland
- 2.5.17 Israel
- 2.5.18 Italy
- 2.5.19 Jordan
- 2.5.21 Kenya
- 2.5.22 Libya
- 2.5.23 Malaysia
- 2.5.25 Morocco
- 2.5.26 Namibia
- 2.5.27 New Zealand
- 2.5.28 Nigeria
- 2.5.29 Norway
- 2.5.30 Philippines
- 2.5.31 Poland
- 2.5.32 Portugal
- 2.5.33 Senegal
- 2.5.34 Serbia
- 2.5.35 Singapore
- 2.5.36 Sri Lanka
- 2.5.37 Syria
- 2.5.38 Thailand
- 2.5.39 Tunisia
- 2.5.40 Turkey
- 2.5.41 Uganda
- 2.5.42 Venezuela
- 2.5.43 Vietnam
- 2.5.44 Yemen

3.0 Statistics of nuclear energy and power

Overview

4.0 Nuclear fuel cycle and supporting industries

Overview
4.1 Front End and Service Period
4.2 Back end

5.0 Nuclear technologies and nuclear history

Overview
5.1 Generations of reactors
5.2 Basic principles of nuclear reaction
5.3 Types of reactor

6.0 Risk and safety issues and INES, International Nuclear Event Scale

Overview
6.1 INES, International Nuclear Event Scale

7.0 Uranium reserves and production

Overview

8.0 Economics of Nuclear Power

Overview

9.0 Nuclear power utilities

Overview
9.1 The Americas
- 9.1.1 Argentina
- 9.1.2 Brazil
- 9.1.3 Canada
- 9.1.4 Mexico
- 9.1.5 USA

9.2 Europe
- 9.2.1 Belgium
- 9.2.2 Bulgaria
- 9.2.3 Czech Republic
- 9.2.4 Finland
- 9.2.5 France
- 9.2.6 Germany
- 9.2.7 Hungary
- 9.2.8 Netherlands
- 9.2.9 Romania
- 9.2.10 Slovakia
- 9.2.11 Slovenia
- 9.2.12 Spain
- 9.2.13 Sweden
- 9.2.15 United Kingdom

9.3 CIS
- 9.3.1 Armenia
- 9.3.2 Russia
- 9.3.3 Ukraine

9.4 Asia
- 9.4.1 China
- 9.4.2 India
- 9.4.4 South Korea
- 9.4.5 Taiwan

9.5 Africa
- 9.5.1 South Africa

10.0 Nuclear power manufacturing companies, the global leaders

Overview

11.0 International nuclear associations and organisations

Overview

12.0 Country profiles

Overview
12.1 North America
- 12.1.1 Canada
- 12.1.2 Mexico
- 12.2.1 Belgium
- 14.2.2 Bulgaria
- 12.2.3 Czech Republic
- 12.2.4 Finland
- 12.2.5 France
- 12.2.6 Germany
- 12.2.7 Hungary
- 12.2.8 Italy
- 12.2.9 Lithuania
- 12.2.10 Netherlands
- 12.2.11 Romania
- 12.2.12 Slovakia
- 12.2.13 Slovenia
- 12.2.14 Spain
- 12.2.15 Sweden
- 12.2.16 Switzerland
- 12.2.17 Turkey
- 12.2.18 United Kingdom

12.3 CIS
- 12.3.1 Armenia
- 12.3.2 Kazakhstan
- 12.3.3 Russia
- 12.3.4 Ukraine
- 12.4.1 China
- 12.4.2 India
- 12.4.3 Indonesia
- 12.4.4 Japan
- 12.4.5 Korea
- 12.4.6 Pakistan
- 12.4.8 Vietnam

12.5 South America

Table of Tables

Table 2.1: Status of commercial nuclear power plants, January 2011
Table 2.2: Future Nuclear Generating Capacity by Country, MW, 2000 to 2020
Table 4.1: Nuclear fuel cycle facilities, February 2011
Table 4.2: Nuclear fuel cycle facilities by country as of February 2011
Table 5.1: Overview of the six GIF high temperature concepts
Table 5.2: Summary of reactor types
Table 5.3: Nuclear power plants in commercial operation by type, February 2011
Table 7.1: Twenty six largest uranium producing mines, 2009
Table 7.2: Primary uranium producers, 2009
Table 7.3: Sixteen new mines planned in Kazakhstan as part of the Kazatomprom strategy
Table 7.4: Canadian mines
Table 7.5: Australian mines
Table 7.6: Namibian mines
Table 7.7: Russian mines
Table 7.8: Niger mines
Table 8.1: Cost of Nuclear Generation, US¢/kWh with 40 year life and 85% Capacity Factor
Table 8.2: Proportions of Electricity Generating Cost
Table 8.3: Cost in USD per kWh for Generation by Nuclear, Coal, Gas, 25 and 40 year Life Assumptions
Table 8.4: Cost in USD per kWh for Generation by Nuclear, Coal, Gas, comparison 2003 MIT report data to 2009 update
Table 12.1.1: Status of nuclear power plants in Canada
Table 12.1.2: Structure of the Canadian nuclear industry
Table 12.1.3: Status of nuclear power plants in Mexico
Table 12.1.4: Status of the nuclear power plants of the US in January 2011
Table 12.1.5: Status of new nuclear plants
Table 12.1.6: Table of operators, US
Table 12.1.7: Table of operators, US
Table 12.1.8: Nuclear steam supply systems, US
Table 12.1.9: Structure of the US nuclear sector
Table 12.2.1: Nuclear power plants in Belgium
Table 12.2.2: Expected shutdown dates for Belgium nuclear power plants
Table 12.2.3: History Timeline of nuclear power in Belgium
Table 12.2.4: Main nuclear organisations, Belgium
Table 12.2.5: Nuclear power plants in Bulgaria
Table 12.2.6: Status of Nuclear Power Plants, Czech Republic
Table 12.2.7: Government Structure for Energy Policy, Czech Republic
Table 12.2.8: Nuclear Power Plants in Finland
Table 12.2.9: Status of Nuclear Power Plants in France
Table 12.2.10: Status of Nuclear Power Plants in Germany
Table 12.2.11: Participants in the Nuclear Licensing procedure for NPPs, Germany
Table 12.2.12: New shutdown dates for German nuclear power plants as of 2010
Table 12.2.13: Status of Nuclear Power Plants in Hungary
Table 12.2.14: Status of Nuclear Power Plants in Italy
Table 12.2.15: Status of Nuclear Power Plants in Lithuania
Table 12.2.16: Status of Nuclear Power Plants in the Netherlands
Table 12.2.17: Status of nuclear power plants in Romania
Table 12.2.18: Status of nuclear power plants in Slovakia
Table 12.2.19: Status of nuclear power plants in Slovenia
Table 12.2.20: Status of Nuclear Power Plants in Spain
Table 12.2.21: Status of Nuclear Power Plants in Sweden
Table 12.2.22: Nuclear Power Plants in Switzerland
Table 12.2.23: Overview
Table 12.2.24: Overview
Table 12.3.1: Nuclear power plants in Armenia
Table 12.3.2: Research reactors, Kazakhstan
Table 12.3.3: Scheduled closure dates for nuclear reactors
Table 12.3.4: Nuclear power plants in Russia
Table 12.3.5: History Timeline of nuclear power in Russia
Table 12.3.6: Federal Target Programme funding for Fast Neutron Reactors to 2020
Table 12.3.7: Russian nuclear reactor models and their status
Table 12.3.8: Status of nuclear power plants in Ukraine
Table 12.3.9: Planned new and replacement nuclear power plants
Table 12.4.1: Operating uranium mines in China
Table 12.4.2: Description of nuclear power projects in China
Table 12.4.3: Current and proposed uranium mines in India
Table 12.4.4: Status of nuclear power plants in India
Table 12.4.5: Potential ‘Nuclear Energy Parks' for India
Table 12.4.6: Status of nuclear power plants in Japan
Table 12.4.7: Status of nuclear power plants in Korea
Table 12.4.8: Nuclear power plants in Pakistan
Table 12.4.9: Status of nuclear power plants in Taiwan
Table 12.5.1: Status of nuclear power plants in Argentina
Table 12.5.2: Status of nuclear power plants in Brazil
Table 12.5.3: Nuclebras Subsidiaries
Table 12.5.4: Figure: Structure of the Nuclear Industry in Brazil
Table 12.6.1: Uranium mines/projects in South Africa
Table 12.6.2: Status of nuclear power plants in South Africa
Table 12.7.1: Status of nuclear power plants in Iran

Table of Figures

Figure 2.1: Operational reactors by country, January 2011
Figure 2.2: Reactors under construction by country, January 2011
Figure 2.3: Reactors shutdown by country, January 2011
Figure 2.4: Nuclear capacity of plants under construction or planned by region, MW, 2011 to 2017
Figure 2.5: Nuclear capacity of plants under construction or planned by country, MW, 2011 to 2017
Figure 2.6: Future nuclear generating capacity by region, MW, 2000 to 2020
Figure 2.7: Future nuclear capacity for countries with nuclear power for a low and high growth scenario, MW, 2008, 2030, 2060 and 2100
Figure 2.8: Future nuclear capacity for countries planning nuclear power for a low and high growth scenario, MW, 2030, 2060 and 2100
Figure 2.9: Future nuclear capacity for countries that are considering nuclear power for a low and high growth scenario, MW, 2030, 2060 and 2100
Figure 2.10: Number of nuclear power reactors in operation by age in January 2010
Figure 3.1: Total primary energy consumption, Mtoe, 1965 to 2009
Figure 3.2: Consumption of nuclear power by country, TWh, 1965 to 2009
Figure 3.3: Nuclear power plants around the world
Figure 3.4: Nuclear energy as % of total energy consumption (2008/2009) and % of total electricity generation (2008/2009)
Figure 3.5: Average load factor of world nuclear power plants
Figure 4.1: Tonnes of spent fuel arising and disposal/reprocessing
Figure 4.2: Tonnes of spent fuel arising by region, 1990 to 2020
Figure 4.3: Sellafield Reprocessing Plant, UK
Figure 5.1: Pressurised Water Reactor (PWR)
Figure 5.2: Boiling Water Reactor (BWR)
Figure 5.3: Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor (AGR)
Figure 5.4: Type of reactor by capacity and status, GW, February 2011
Figure 5.5. Average capacity per reactor by type and status, MW, February 2011
Figure 6.1: INES, International Nuclear Event Scale
Figure 7.1: Production of uranium by mining method, 2009
Figure 7.2: Known recoverable uranium resources by country, thousand tonnes, 2009
Figure 7.3: Mined uranium production by country, tonnes, 2009
Figure 7.3: Mined uranium production by country, tonnes, 2009
Figure 7.4: Production of uranium from mines in Kazakhstan, tonnes, 2003 to 2010
Figure 7.5: Production of uranium from mines in Canada, tonnes, 2003 to 2010
Figure 7.6: Production of uranium from mines in Australia, tonnes, 2003 to 2010
Figure 7.7: Production of uranium from mines in Namibia, tonnes, 2003 to 2009
Figure 7.8: Production of uranium from mines in Russia, tonnes, 2003 to 2009
Figure 7.9: Production of uranium from mines in Niger, tonnes, 2003 to 2009
Figure 7.10: Long-term contract and spot prices USD per lb U3O8
Figure 8.1: Cost of Generating Electricity with Zero Carbon Allowance
Figure 8.2: Cost of Generating Electricity with CO2 at a Notional Cost of £30 per t
Figure 8.3: Capital Expenditure in Total Cost of Generating Electricity for Different Energy
Figure 8.4: Effect on Generating Cost of a ± ‘20% Change in Fuel Price (Zero Carbon Cost)
Figure 12.1: Installed nuclear capacity by country, MW, January 2011
Figure 12.1.1: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.1.2: Load factors in Canada
Figure 12.1.3: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.1.4: Geographical location of Canadian nuclear power plants, 2009
Figure 12.1.5: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.1.6: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.1.7: Load factors for nuclear in Mexico
Figure 12.1.8: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.1.9: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.1.10: Location of nuclear power plants in the USA
Figure 12.1.11: Load factors for nuclear in the USA
Figure 12.1.12: Load factors in the USA
Figure 12.1.13: Location of Projected New Nuclear Power Reactors
Figure 12.1.14: Production of uranium from mines in the USA, tonnes, 2003 to 2009
Figure 12.1.15: State policies favouring nuclear
Figure 12.2.1: Nuclear power plants in Europe as of January 2011
Figure 12.2.2: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.2.3: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.2.4: Load factors in Belgium
Figure 12.2.5: Locations of nuclear sites in Belgium
Figure 12.2.6: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.2.7: Load factors for nuclear in Bulgaria
Figure 12.2.8: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.2.9: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.2.10: Production of uranium from mines in the Czech Republic, tonnes, 2003 to 2009
Figure 12.2.11: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.2.12: Load factors, Czech Republic
Figure 12.2.13: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.2.14: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.2.15: Load factors in Finland
Figure 12.2.16: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.2.17: Production of uranium from mines in France, tonnes, 2003 to 2009
Figure 12.2.18: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.2.19: Load factors in France
Figure 12.2.20: Nuclear power plants in France
Figure 12.2.21: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.2.22: Production of uranium from mines in Germany, tonnes, 2003 to 2009
Figure 12.2.23: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.2.24: Load factors in Germany
Figure 12.2.25: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.2.26: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.2.27: Load factors for nuclear n Hungary
Figure 12.2.28: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.2.29: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.2.30: Load factors in Italy
Figure 12.2.31: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.2.32: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.2.33: Load factors in Lithuania
Figure 12.2.34: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.2.35: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.2.36: Load factors in the Netherlands
Figure 12.2.37: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.2.38: Production of uranium from mines in Romania, tonnes, 2003 to 2009
Figure 12.2.39: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.2.40: Load factors in Romania
Figure 12.2.41: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.2.42: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.2.43: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.2.44: Load factors in Slovenia
Figure 12.2.45: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.2.46: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.2.47: Load factors in Spain
Figure 12.2.48: Location of Spanish NPPs
Figure 12.2.49: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.2.50: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.2.51: Load factors in Sweden
Figure 12.2.52: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.2.53: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.2.54: Load factors in Switzerland
Figure 12.2.55: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.2.56: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.2.57: Load factors in the United Kingdom
Figure 12.2.58: Nuclear power plants in the United Kingdom
Figure 12.3.1: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.3.2: Load factors in Armenia
Figure 12.3.3: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.3.4: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.3.5: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.3.6: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.3.7: Load factors in Russia
Figure 12.3.8: Status of nuclear power plants
Figure 12.3.9: Plans for floating nuclear power plants in Russia
Figure 12.3.10: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.3.11: Production of uranium from mines in the Ukraine, tonnes, 2003 to 2009
Figure 12.3.12: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.3.13: Load factors in Ukraine
Figure 12.4.1: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.4.2: Production of uranium from mines in China, tonnes, 2003 to 2009
Figure 12.4.3: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.4.4: Load factors in China
Figure 12.4.5: Location of nuclear power plants in China
Figure 12.4.6: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.4.7: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.4.8: Production of uranium from mines in India, tonnes, 2003 to 2009
Figure 12.4.9: Load factors in India
Figure 12.4.10: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.4.11: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.4.12: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.4.13: Load factors in Japan
Figure 12.4.14: Location of Japanese nuclear plants
Figure 12.4.15: Location of Japanese research centres
Figure 12.4.16: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.4.17: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.4.18: Load factors in South Korea
Figure 12.4.19: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.4.20: Production of uranium from mines in Pakistan, tonnes, 2003 to 2009
Figure 12.4.21: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.4.22: Load factors in Pakistan
Figure 12.4.23: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.4.24: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.5.1: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.5.2: Load factors for nuclear in Argentina
Figure 12.5.3: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.5.4: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.5.5: Production of uranium from mines in Brazil, tonnes, 2003 to 2009
Figure 12.5.6: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.5.7: Load factors in Brazil
Figure 12.6.1: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.6.2: Production of uranium from mines in South Africa, tonnes, 2003 to 2009
Figure 12.6.3: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.6.4: Load factors in South Africa
Figure 12.7.1: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.7.2: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW

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核能的全球市場：2011年第1版

NRG Expert Global Nuclear Report Ed 1, 2011