|
市場調查報告書
行動位置資訊•位置管理的導覽
The Definitive Guide to Mobile Positioning and Location Management with GPS, Terrestrial Positioning, Non-cellular (RFID and WiFi) Positioning, and Managing Location Information.
|
本報告已在2011年07月19日停止出版。
對行動網絡營運企業及消費者、供應商、投資者來說 ，顧客的位置資訊是相當重要的情報。在 2005 年至 2006 年的期間 內，位置資訊服務（LBS）即將邁入實用化階段。
專研通信、IT領域的美國市調公司 Mind Commerce （總公司：科羅拉多州），調查與分析行動位置資訊及位置管理，並有系統地出版綜合報告書 “The Definitive Guide to Mobile Positioning and Location Management with GPS, Terrestrial Positioning, Non-cellular (RFID and WiFi) Positioning, and Managing Location Information.”。
此報告書在下面的內容裡，針對行動通訊的附加價值、位置資訊及位置管理的必要知識等，進行一連串地探討。
1. 說明
2. 行動位置資訊技術
- 位置資訊 vs. 位置管理
- 位置的特定方法（非電話通訊方式）
- 行動應用方式的位置特定方式
- 衛星
- GPS
- 地面網絡的位置資訊技術（GSM等）
- RFID
- Wi-Fi
3. 地理資訊系統（GIS）
- 何謂 GIS
- GIS 構成要素
- 屬性資料
- 特徵
- 空間關係與分析
- 座標系統與地圖預測
- 空間資料的記號化
- GIS 資料操作
- 資料管理與處理
- 行動位置資訊服務（MLS）架構的 GIS
- MLS 應用方式管理
- MLS 應用方式 GIS 資料處理
- MLS 應用方式
4. 位置管理
- 位置管理功能
- MLS 架構的位置管理
- IDE 及 MLS 應用方式
- 位置資訊輔助系統
- 位置資訊資料的獲得
- 位置資訊計算功能
- 位置資訊資料的轉換
- 高度的 PDE 選擇
- 位置資訊的儲存
- 最佳選擇處理
- 可取得 PDE 的決定
- MLS 顧客控制輔助系統
- 顧客 vs. 加入者
- MLS 顧客的種類
- MLS 的應用方式、服務、內容
- 認證、認可、費用
- 人性化
- 服務品質與管理
- 位置管理回覆資訊
- On-Demand及定期位置資訊需求
- 位置資訊需求使用案例
- Mobile Originated Location Request（MO-LR）
- Mobile Terminated Location Request（MT-LR）
- Network Initiated Location Request（NI-LR）
- 位置資訊服務的階段性研究
- 標準的位置管理基礎建設
Abstract
No attribute is more distinguishing and valuable to mobile network operators and their
constituents (customers, suppliers, and investors) than customer location information.
Location-based Services (LBS) are predicted to finally take off beginning in late 2005 to early
2006. Many people do not understand the underlying technologies necessary to position wireless
devices, render the raw positioning data into usable location information, manage location
information, place the information into context through Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and
the issues associated with the use of location information by consuming LBS applications. This
publication provides the reader with an easy to understand, step-by-step approach to location
determination and management -- crucial knowledge for exploiting location as a value-added service
enabler for mobile communications.
Features and Benefits
This publication will answer your most important questions including:
What are the primary positioning technologies for cellular communications and how do they work?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of various positioning methods for various types of
location-based services (LBS)? What is Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and why is important to
positioning, location management, and LBS? What are the standards-based means for managing location
information? TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction
- 1.1. Overall Purpose
- 1.2 Why Is Mobile Positioning and Location Management Important?
2. Mobile Positioning Technologies
- 2.1 Position versus Location
- 2.2 Introduction to Positioning
- 2.3 Location Determination Methods (Non-Telephony)
- 2.3.1 Landmarks
- 2.3.2 Dead Reckoning.
- 2.3.3 Celestial Navigation
- 2.3.4 Magnetic Tracking
- 2.4 Location Determination Methods for Mobile Applications
- 2.4.1 Location Positioning Determination Technologies
- 2.4.1.1 Satellite-Types Overview
- 2.4.1.1.1 Geostationary Satellites
- 2.4.1.1.2 Medium Earth Orbits
- 2.4.1.1.3 Low Earth Orbit Satellites
- 2.4.1.1.4 Elliptical Orbit Satellites
- 2.4.1.2 The Global Positioning System
- 2.4.1.2.1 Overview
- 2.4.1.2.2 GPS Coverage
- 2.4.1.2.3 GPS Calculations
- 2.4.1.2.3.1 Satellite Position Determination
- 2.4.1.2.3.2 GPS Device Distance From A Satellite Calculation.
- 2.4.1.2.3.3 GPS Device Location Calculation
- 2.4.1.2.3.4 GPS Error Sources.
- Selective Availability
- Tropospheric Delays
- Ionosphere Delays
- Multi-Path Delays
- GDOP/Visibility Delay
- 2.4.1.2.3.5 GPS Calculation Refinement
- Pseudo-Ranges
- Differential Correction
- WAAS
- 2.4.1.2.3.6 Other Considerations
- Alternatives to GPS
- Time To First Fix
- Cold Start
- Autonomous Start
- Warm Start
- Hot Start
- Obscuration
- 2.4.1.2.3.7 GPS Technical Data
- 2.4.1.2.4 Assisted GPS
- 2.4.1.2.4.1 A-GPS Historical Background
- 2.4.1.2.4.2 How A-GPS Works
- 2.4.1.2.5 GPS-Based Mobile Applications
- 2.4.1.2.5.1 Overview
- 2.4.1.2.5.2 Critical Success Factors
- 2.4.1.2.5.3 Business Case Development
- 2.4.1.3 Terrestrial Network-Based Location Technologies
- 2.4.1.3.1 Overview
- 2.4.1.3.2 GSM
- 2.4.1.3.2.1 History of GSM
- 2.4.1.3.2.2 GSM Architecture
- Mobile Station
- Base Station Subsystem
- BTS
- BSC
- LMU
- Network and Switching Subsystem
- MSC
- HLR
- VLR
- EIR
- SMLC
- GMLC
- Operations and Support Subsystem
- 2.4.1.3.2.3 GSM Location Management (Cell Handover for LBS)
- 2.4.1.3.2.4 GSM Basic Location Management
- Cell ID
- Cell and Sector
- Timing Advance
- 2.4.1.3.3 Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) and Angle of Arrival (AOA)
- 2.4.1.3.4 What Happened to Enhanced Observed Time Difference (E-OTD)
- 2.4.1.3.5 E-OTD versus TDOA
- 2.4.1.3.6 Comparing Handset-Based and Network-Based Location Strategies
- 2.4.1.4 RFID
- 2.4.1.4.1 RFID Overview
- 2.4.1.4.2 RFID Applications
- 2.4.1.4.3 RFID Dimensions
- 2.4.1.4.4 The Strategic Implications of Wal-Marts RFID Mandate
- 2.4.1.5 Wi-Fi
- 2.4.1.5.1 Wi-Fi/802.11 Overview
- 2.4.1.5.1.1 FHSS
- 2.4.1.5.1.2 DSSS
- 2.4.1.5.2 Specifications Overview
- 2.4.1.5.2.1 801.11
- 2.4.1.5.2.2 802.11a
- 2.4.1.5.2.3 802.11b
- 2.4.1.5.2.4 802.11g
- 2.4.1.5.3 Wi-Fi Location Technology
- 2.4.1.5.3.1 Received Signal Strength (RSSI)
- 2.4.1.5.3.2 Pattern Matching.
- 2.4.1.5.3.3 Wireless Grid
- 2.4.1.5.4 Wi-Fi Location-Enabled Applications
3. Geographical Information systems
- 3.1 What is a Geographical Information System?
- 3.2 GIS Components
- 3.2.1 Attribute Data
- 3.2.2 Feature Representation
- 3.2.3 Spatial Relationships and Analysis
- 3.2.4 Coordinate Systems and Map Projection
- 3.2.5 Spatial Data Encoding.
- 3.2.5.1 Vector Data
- 3.2.5.2 Raster Data
- 3.2.5.2.1 Quadtrees
- 3.2.6 GIS Data Manipulation
- 3.2.7 Management and Processing of GIS Data for MLS
- 3.2.8 GIS Data Management.
- 3.2.9 GIS Data Processing.
- 3.2.10 GIS in the MLS Architecture
- 3.2.11 MLS Application Management Issues
- 3.2.11.1 GIS Data Provisioning
- 3.2.11.2 Application Provisioning.
- 3.2.11.3 Application Administration.
- 3.2.11.4 Subscriber Provisioning.
- 3.2.12 MLS Application GIS Data Processing
- 3.2.13 MLS Applications
- 3.2.13.1 Special Features Supported by GIS Data Processing
- 3.2.13.2 GIS Post-Processing Event Analysis
- 3.2.13.3 Event Logging
- 3.2.13.4 Event Reporting and Analysis
4. Location Management 163
- 4.1 The Location Management Function.
- 4.1.1 LM in MLS Architecture
- 4.1.2 Detailing with Simultaneous IDE and MLS Applications
- 4.2 Positioning Sub-Systems.
- 4.2.1 Obtaining Positioning Data
- 4.2.2 Position Calculation Function
- 4.2.3 Conversion of Position Data Into Useful Location information
- 4.2.4 Intelligent PDE Selection
- 4.2.5 Caching Location Information
- 4.2.6 Best Selection Process
- 4.2.7 Determination Of Available PDE.
- 4.3 MLS Client Control Subsystem
- 4.3.1 Clients vs. Subscribers
- 4.3.2 Different Types of MLS Client
- 4.3.3 MLS Applications, Services, and Content
- 4.3.4 Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting.
- 4.3.4.1 Authentication and Authorization
- 4.3.4.2 Accounting
- 4.3.5 Personalization
- 4.3.5.1 Privacy
- 4.3.5.1.1 Identity Privacy
- 4.3.5.1.2 Location Privacy
- 4.3.6 Quality of Service
- 4.3.7 QoS Management Based on Priority
- 4.3.8 LM Response Information to a MLS Client
- 4.3.8.1 Successful Location Request
- 4.3.8.2 Unsuccessful Location Request
- 4.4 On-Demand and Periodic Location Request
- 4.5 Location Request Use Cases
- 4.5.1 Mobile Originated Location Request (MO-LR)
- 4.5.2 Mobile Terminated Location Request (MT-LR)
- 4.5.3 Network Initiated Location Request (NI-LR)
- 4.6 Hierarchical Approach to Positioning.
- 4.7 Standard Location Management Infrastructure
- 4.7.1 ANSI Standard Location Management Infrastructure
- 4.7.2 GSM Standard Location Management Infrastructure
About the Authors
|
