信用卡詐騙

目錄

Abstract

NEW RESEARCH REPORT BY MERCATOR ADVISORY GROUP

This report examines the incidence of a range of card fraud types, such as issuer and online retailer fraud losses, as well as less well defined or publicized fraud activities. Topics explored included:

• While credit card and other types of financial fraud are detected and reported within organizational product and business line silos, fraud follows a dynamic "balloon effect", migrating to less well defended areas.
• Large financial institutions may envision a more comprehensive approach to detection of fraud and financial crimes, but organizational commitment and solution development typically lag the balloon effects of fraud.
• While the credit card industry and online merchants focus on narrow fraud metrics, the uncounted costs of fraud, their "dark numbers," are in all likelihood significantly larger.
• Credit card issuers are demonstrating an ability to manage transaction and application fraud within sustainable parameters.
• Online merchants, after significant investment in fraud solutions, are similarly moving toward a sustainable fraud level, despite their rapidly growing sales volume.

From the standpoint of the credit card industry, the most typically reported and accepted quantification of card fraud are annual issuer losses. For 2005, these were estimated at about $1.1 Billion for Visa, MasterCard, American Express, and Discover combined (source: Nilson Report). Yet this estimate is clearly just the tip of the fraud iceberg, which affects issuers, merchants, and consumers. While the costs of some frauds can be measured, others comprise the unreported and unmeasured "dark numbers of fraud." Ken Paterson, Director of the Credit Advisory Service at Mercator Advisory Group and the author of the report comments that, "the dark numbers of fraud, while by definition unknown, are surely the largest. A significant component is the opportunity cost incurred by both merchants and credit card issuers in declining transactions that are suspected as fraudulent but are in fact legitimate (perhaps 4 out of 5 transactions that are declined by online merchants), as well as potential shopping behavior that is dissuaded by consumer fear of fraud."

Unreported and undetected fraud at issuers is also certainly significant, and probably ends up classified as a credit loss. Fraud may end up in the collections file, potentially inseparable from bad debt. Indirect victimization costs should be considered. Among individuals, the direct financial costs of investigation, recovery, and credit record repair are included, as well as the "soft" costs of personal time and anguish spent on recovery.

Table of Contents

• TABLE OF FIGURES
• Introduction
• I. Silos vs. The Balloon Effect
  • A Vision of Enterprise Risk Management
  • The Balloon Effect: You Can Count On It-Just Not Where
  • The Dark Numbers of Fraud
• II. Quantifying The Quantifiable
  • Trends In Issuer-Related Fraud: Some Relatively Good News
  • Trends in Online Merchant-Related Fraud
• III. Strategic Implications
  • Fixing A Big Hole
  • Taking On The Silos

TABLE OF FIGURES

• Figure 1: Credit Card Fraud Solutions Are Just One Element Of Enterprise Risk Management
• Figure 2: The Balloon Effect: Fraud Solutions Displace Criminal Activity To New Venues
• Figure 3: Sources Of Fraud: Old Favorites and New Contenders
• Figure 4: Mass Data Compromises Appear To Be Driven By Stolen Property Rather Than Intentional Fraud
• Figure 5: Fraud Losses, Known And Unknown
• Figure 6: Credit- Related Frauds On Consumers Are Often Overlooked
• Figure 7: Recent Issuer Fraud Losses Have Trended Under 7 Basis Points
• Figure 8: Bank Card Issuer Fraud Loss Expenses Have Remained Within A 40BP Cost Range
• Figure 9: Bank Card Fraud Expenses Remain Under $1 Billion Despite Rising Volume
• Figure 10: Bank Card Fraud As A Percent of Outstandings Has Remained Flat
• Figure 11: Bank Card Fraud As A Percent of Chargeoffs Has Remained In a Narrow Range
• Figure 12: Growth In Online Fraud Has Paralleled Growth In Online Sales
• Figure 13: While Online Sales More Than Tripled In Five Years, Fraud Declined As A Percentage
• Figure 14: Online Merchants Deploy An Array of Anti-Fraud Tools

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