能源採集（環境發電）應用的分析

所謂的環境發電（能源收集）、意指使用周邊環境所存在的能源之小型機器及行動機器的電力提供技術。2011年、環境發電用的元件支出7億美金、2022年預測會接近50億美金。但是此技術的普及之擴大、開發已超越試驗階段、新產品今後仍會相繼發表為必要的根本。另外評價最佳實物典範、收取市場成功的廠商及技術、使用者等特定之下、到目前為止的失敗中記取教訓。

本報告書內容包括:全球33國所實際使用的170以上的環境發電系統的分析、提出很大成果的用途及有力的廠商等介紹、醫療及軍事、海事、大樓、產業用設施、汽車、鐵道、戶外設施、家電產品等領域的成功範例、內容綱要摘記如下:

第1章 實施摘要和結論

第2章 介紹

• 定義
• 市場的規模和結構
• 優點
• 能源收集的主要需求
• 能源收集種類
  • 未來成功可見的技術
  • 各種技術的併用
  • 能源收集的優點
  • 第三世界的重要性

第3章 第三世界和醫療領域的成功範例

• 阿富汗的筆記電腦
• 巴西、博茨瓦納、巴勒斯坦的約旦河西岸地區所使用的太陽能充電助聽器
• 巴西的行動電話
• 海地的電子版聖書
• 肯亞的行動電話
• 南非的胎兒心跳數監視設備
• 南非的收音機
• 烏干達的行動電話
• 烏干達、坦尚尼亞、肯亞、盧安達、奈米比亞、尚比亞的公共電話

第4章 軍及航空宇宙領域的成功範例

• 加拿大的多倫多國際機場
• 中國國家航天局衛星
• 歐洲宇宙機關的衛星
• 印度宇宙研究機關的衛星
• 日本宇宙航空研究開發機構(JAXA)
• 瑞士的太陽能飛機
• 英國的衛星
• 美國AeroVironment的飛機
• 美國Amerigon的燃料電池
• 美國的軍用誘導系統試驗設備
• 美軍的地上車輛
• 美國航空宇宙局的火星探測機
• 美國航空宇宙局的衛星和宇宙船
• 美國Bell的直昇機

第5章 海事領域的成功範例

• 巴西的Ferretti所開發的遊艇用環境管理技術
• 義大利的系泊浮標
• 日本的燈塔
• 日本的浮標
• 瑞士的電動船
• 英國Rolls Royce的渦輪
• 英國的浮標
• 美國的浮標
• 美國的無人潛水艇Seaglider

第6章 大樓與產業用設施的成功範例

• 奧地利UNIQA建物的管理系統
• 巴西SMT Sandvik總部管理系統
• 加拿大Club Intrawest的滑雪渡假村
• 法國的Nestle總部大樓
• 德國Adidas的大樓管理系統
• 日本JR東日本
• 盧森堡School Axima的管理系統
• 荷蘭的鐵道車站
• 紐西蘭、坎特伯雷大學的管理系統
• 挪威Grenseveien辦公大樓管理系統
• 西班牙高齡者專用住宅
• 瑞士AGS Basel大樓管理系統
• UAE、Hotel Kempinski的管理系統
• 英國Club Surya的舞池層
• 美國Bryan High School　等

第7章 汽車、道路、鐵道的成功範例

• 丹麥、哥本哈根的腳踏車
• 法國和義大利的Bluecar
• 本田技研工業的汽車
• 日產汽車的油電混合卡車
• 豐田汽車的Prius
• 瑞典Volvo的油電混合公車
• 英國倫敦的奧運設施
• 美國的高爾夫球車　等

第8章 室外設施和動物相關的用途

• 南極觀測基地
• 德國的遊樂園Playmobil FunPark
• 韓國的街道看板
• 西班牙的太陽能發電公車停
• 瑞士的落石監測系統
• 美國的BP天然氣管線　等

第9章 家電領域的成功範例

• 奧地利Head Sports的智慧滑雪
• 中國的Bluetooth行動設備
• 香港的行動電話充電器袋
• casio的太陽能電池式手錶
• Citizen的手錶
• Tamiya模型的教育用玩具
• seiko的動力學手錶
• 夏普的太陽能電池式行動電話
• 韓國Samsung的太陽能發電觸碰式螢幕行動電話
• 瑞士Swatch Group的手錶
• 美國Apple的iPod Touch　等

附錄1：用語集

附錄2：IDTechEx的出版物和顧問公司

圖表

Ambient energy

Energy harvesting is the use of ambient energy to provide electricity for small and or mobile equipment, whether electrical or electronic. In 2011, $700 million was spent on the energy harvesting component itself, rising to just under $5 billion in 2022.

Those wishing to use energy harvesting need reassurance that it is a technology that has progressed beyond trials and new product announcements. They need to benchmark best practice. In addition, potential users and those supplying, financing or otherwise involved in energy harvesting need to identify the successful suppliers, technologies and users and learn from the failures out there. The report from IDTechEx “Analysis of Energy Harvesting Applications” provides the answers, with analysis of over 170 successful ongoing uses of energy harvesting in 33 countries. Here we summarise some of the findings.

Most successful applicational sectors

The main ongoing uses so far of energy harvesting are in the following applicational sectors.

Main ongoing uses of energy harvesting by country of adoption,
country of manufacture, source of energy, technology and leading suppliers

Source: IDTechEx

However, this is rapidly changing, mainly as more territories catch up with others in different aspects. For example, in energy harvesting for vehicles, Ford, Volvo, Volkswagen, BMW and others are now in extensive trials of energy harvesters for braking and capturing energy from heat.

Overall winners

In market value, variety of applications and number of devices, the Consumer sector is biggest of all and will remain so for the next ten years. Overall, photovoltaics is the clear winner and we believe its dominance will continue. Overall, China is the main manufacturer of products employing energy harvesting by number and value and this situation will pertain for the foreseeable future. Of the many types of energy harvesting employing electrodynamics, those capturing human energy are hugely successful. They include bicycle dynamos, wind-up radios and lights, kinetic wristwatches and miniature wind turbines.

There is a second generation of energy harvesting where two technologies are combined, notably photovoltaics with electrodynamic in laptops, radio, phone chargers, rock fall monitors, cars and road furniture, etc. This is more successful than piezoelectrics or thermoelectrics now but without the glamour. Indeed, totally new forms of photovoltaics and electrodynamics are now in ongoing use. Examples are non-silicon flexible PV in bags and apparel and electrodynamics in paving.

Suppliers

In our research, most suppliers of energy harvesting turn out to be small companies. In due course there will be a shakeout into large and small niche suppliers with little in between.

Further down the experience curve

The leaders in the energy harvesting market have usually been down the technological dead ends and entered second and third generation technology. There is always a doubt in the minds of potential users when they see newer companies offering technologies abandoned by the leaders yet with no clear breakthrough to explain why they can succeed where others failed. Some even offer what they can make rather than what is needed.

Leading continents and countries

By a big margin, the USA spends far more on energy harvesting products than any other country. Primarily, it takes the form of expenditure by NASA and the US Department of Defense, and the public buying consumer goods, all favouring photovoltaics.

Research in this report

In the IDTechEx report “Analysis of Energy Harvesting Applications” we give more than 170 case studies of energy harvesting in ongoing use in 33 countries - enough to give some idea of the leading countries, technologies and applications. The number of case studies given by application sector in the report are shown below.

Number of cases per applicational sector

Source:IDTechEx

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

• 1.1. Most successful applicational sectors
• 1.2. Winning territories and their emphasis

2. INTRODUCTION

• 2.1. Definition
• 2.2. Size and structure of the market
• 2.3. Benefits
• 2.4. Primary energy harvesting needs
• 2.5. Types of energy harvesting
  • 2.5.1. Technologies likely to succeed in future
  • 2.5.2. Using several technologies together
  • 2.5.3. Payback from energy harvesting
  • 2.5.4. Importance of the Third World

3. THIRD WORLD AND HEALTHCARE SUCCESS

• 3.1. Afghanistan laptop computers
• 3.2. Brazil, Botswana, Palestine West Bank solar charged hearing aid
• 3.3. Burundi mobile phones
• 3.4. Haiti "Faith Comes by Hearing" electronic bibles
• 3.5. India solar powered refrigeration
• 3.6. Kenya mobile phone
• 3.7. South Africa Freeplay foetal heart monitor
• 3.8. South Africa Freeplay radio
• 3.9. Uganda mobile phone
• 3.10. Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya, Rwanda, Namibia, Zambia, payphone

4. MILITARY AND AEROSPACE SUCCESS

• 4.1. Canada Trudeau International Airport
• 4.2. China National Space Administration satellites
• 4.3. France European Space Agency satellites
• 4.4. India Space Research Organisation satellites
• 4.5. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
• 4.6. Switzerland solar plane
• 4.7. UK satellites
• 4.8. USA aircraft AeroVironment
• 4.9. USA Amerigon fuel cells
• 4.10. USA Germany robot jellyfish
• 4.11. USA military guidance system tester
• 4.12. USA Military land vehicles
• 4.13. USA NASA on Mars- planetary exploration vehicles
• 4.14. USA NASA satellites and space vehicles
• 4.15. USA Textron Bell helicopter sensing

5. MARINE SUCCESSES

• 5.1. Brazil Yacht Ferretti environmental controls
• 5.2. Italy mooring buoys
• 5.3. Japan lighthouses
• 5.4. Japan sea buoys
• 5.5. Switzerland electric boats
• 5.6. UK Rolls Royce turbines
• 5.7. UK sea buoys
• 5.8. USA sea buoys
• 5.9. USA sea gliders Liquid Robotics

6. SUCCESS IN BUILDINGS AND INDUSTRIAL SITES

• 6.1. Austria Uniqa tower controls
• 6.2. Brazil Philips intelligent lighting
• 6.3. Brazil SMT Sandvik headquarters controls
• 6.4. Canada Club Intrawest Whistler
• 6.5. Canada IKEA Brossard
• 6.6. Canada institute de Cardiologie controls
• 6.7. Canada Olympic Village Whistler
• 6.8. Canada Promutuel insurance building controls
• 6.9. Canada Promutuel insurance building controls
• 6.10. Canada Regulvar office controls
• 6.11. Canada St Andrew's Cathedral Victoria
• 6.12. Canada St Joseph Elementary School
• 6.13. Canada The Citadel of Quebec
• 6.14. Canada Zero Energy Green Home
• 6.15. France Nestle headquarters controls
• 6.16. Germany Adidas Herzogenaurach building controls
• 6.17. Germany Agnes Karl Hospital Laartzen controls
• 6.18. Germany Alexander Wacker Haus building controls
• 6.19. Germany AVIVA Munich controls
• 6.20. Germany AXA Maschinenbau
• 6.21. Germany BSC headquarters building automation
• 6.22. Germany Elementary School Bromskirchen
• 6.23. Germany Festo AG Technology Center Hamburg
• 6.24. Germany Hotel Platzl controls
• 6.25. Germany Hotel Winkler Brau
• 6.26. Germany ICE Phoenix headquarters controls
• 6.27. Germany Juwi Headquarters controls
• 6.28. Germany Kaispeicher building controls
• 6.29. Germany MAN Werk Munich controls
• 6.30. Germany MDS Landesfunkhaus Thuringia
• 6.31. Germany Medical Center of Quedlinberg controls
• 6.32. Germany Messe Frankfurt
• 6.33. Germany Milk production Facility Hocheifel
• 6.34. Germany Mueritz Clinic Waren controls
• 6.35. Germany Multimedia Center Hamburg
• 6.36. Germany OS3 office building controls
• 6.37. Germany Premino 11 office building controls
• 6.38. Germany residential building Rothermel
• 6.39. Germany residential buildings Schorndorf
• 6.40. Germany Rolandsbruecke office building Hamburg
• 6.41. Germany SAP Headquarters Walldorf
• 6.42. Germany Semper Opera Dresden controls
• 6.43. Germany Siemens Munich
• 6.44. Germany Slab Method Housing Estate Neurippon
• 6.45. Germany Suddeutsches Kunstoffzentrum Wurtzburg
• 6.46. Germany Takko headquarters
• 6.47. Germany Thermokon extension controls
• 6.48. Germany Weberhaus
• 6.49. Japan - East Japan Railway Company
• 6.50. Luxembourg School Axima controls
• 6.51. Netherlands DZ railway station
• 6.52. New Zealand University Hall Canterbury controls
• 6.53. Norway Grenseveien office building controls
• 6.54. Spain building controls
• 6.55. Spain senior residence
• 6.56. Spain Torre Espacio controls
• 6.57. Switzerland AGS Basel building controls
• 6.58. Switzerland IBM Haltstetter controls
• 6.59. Switzerland office building renovation controls
• 6.60. Switzerland Timbered building
• 6.61. UAE Hotel Kempinski controls
• 6.62. UK Club Surya dance floor
• 6.63. UK Mond laboratory renovation controls
• 6.64. UK staircase The Facility
• 6.65. USA 1000 Continental King of Prussia
• 6.66. USA Bryan High School
• 6.67. USA Hotel Kahana Falls Hawaii
• 6.68. USA Industrial automation etc
• 6.69. USA Leggat McCall building lighting-control
• 6.70. USA Park City Utah
• 6.71. USA Perrysburg Gym lighting controls
• 6.72. USA Pulse Switch Systems building controls
• 6.73. USA University Art Museum New Haven
• 6.74. USA VA Medical Center
• 6.75. USA Wyndham Hotels access controls

7. AUTOMOTIVE, ROAD AND RAILWAY SUCCESSES

• 7.1. Denmark USA Copenhagen bicycle
• 7.2. France, Italy Bluecar
• 7.3. Japan Honda cars
• 7.4. Japan Nissan Capacitor Hybrid truck
• 7.5. Japan Toyota Prius
• 7.6. Sweden Volvo hybrid bus
• 7.7. UK 2012 Olympic Games staircase
• 7.8. UK Think Formula One racing
• 7.9. USA Cruise Car golf carts
• 7.10. USA Fisker Karma car
• 7.11. USA Tesla car
• 7.12. USA train brakes
• 7.13. USA wireless PulseSwitch

8. OUTDOOR INFRASTRUCTURE AND ANIMAL APPLICATIONS

• 8.1. Antarctica E-Base
• 8.2. China media wall
• 8.3. Germany Playmobil Fun park Zirndorf controls
• 8.4. Israel Power Paving
• 8.5. Korea street signs
• 8.6. Norway Shell Nyhamma gas plant sensors
• 8.7. Spain solar bus stop
• 8.8. Switzerland rock fall monitor
• 8.9. UK Sainsbury car park
• 8.10. USA Australia - smart grid sensing TelepathX
• 8.11. USA BP gas pipelines
• 8.12. USA desert tortoises
• 8.13. USA Extramart Convenience Store
• 8.14. USA garden snails
• 8.15. USA Greece Corinth bridge monitoring
• 8.16. USA Sarasota County street lighting
• 8.17. USA Times Square displays

9. CONSUMER ELECTRONICS SUCCESSES

• 9.1. Austria Head Sports Intelligent Ski
• 9.2. China Bluetooth headset
• 9.3. China calculators Texet
• 9.4. China Easy Energy handheld charger
• 9.5. China Fast Trak lantern
• 9.6. China hand cranked flashlight
• 9.7. China High Tech Wealth solar phone
• 9.8. China Hong Kong Mascotte phone charging bags
• 9.9. China Hong Kong solar bag Mascotte
• 9.10. China hybrid charger HYmini
• 9.11. China in-wheel bicycle dynamo
• 9.12. China piezoelectric gas lighter
• 9.13. China solar garden lighting
• 9.14. China solar mole repeller
• 9.15. Germany "bottle" bicycle dynamo
• 9.16. Germany Odersun phone charging bags
• 9.17. Germany solar ski helmet
• 9.18. Japan Casio solar wristwatches
• 9.19. Japan Citizen wristwatches
• 9.20. Japan educational toy Tamiya
• 9.21. Japan Seiko kinetic watch
• 9.22. Japan solar phone Sharp
• 9.23. Japan Toppan Forms
• 9.24. Korea solar touch phone Samsung
• 9.25. South Africa foot powered charger
• 9.26. Switzerland Swatch Group wristwatches
• 9.27. USA Australia power umbrella
• 9.28. USA iPod Touch
• 9.29. USA rider powered motorcycle safety alarm
• 9.30. USA solar powered Amazon Kindle
• 9.31. USA Voltaic Systems bag charger
• 9.32. USA wheel generator stroller

APPENDIX 1: GLOSSARY

APPENDIX 2: IDTECHEX PUBLICATIONS AND CONSULTANCY

• 1.1. Main ongoing uses of energy harvesting by country of adoption, country of manufacture, source of energy, technology and leading suppliers.
• 1.2. Some highlights of global effort on energy harvesting
• 1.3. Number of case studies found per country and application
• 1.4. Primary reason for relative importance or unimportance of energy harvesting technologies.
• 1.5. Adoption of energy harvesting by leading adopting countries 2010 and 2011-2015

• 1.1. Seiko Thermic watch
• 1.2. The tiny EnOcean radio-controlled light switch left and receiver right in box with cover below.
• 1.3. Number of cases per applicational sector
• 1.4. Percentage of case studies by technology
• 1.5. Countries adopting energy harvesting in ongoing programs
• 2.1. Frazer Nash Namir
• 3.1. Treadle powered laptop
• 3.2. Solar hearing aid charger
• 3.3. Proclaimer in action
• 3.4. Thermal energy battery enables off-grid milk chilling
• 3.5. Mobile phone in use in Kenya
• 3.6. Freeplay postal heart monitor
• 3.7. Freeplay wind up radio in Africa
• 3.8. Mobile phone charging shop in Uganda
• 3.9. Solar payphone in Uganda
• 4.1. Trudeau International Airport
• 4.2. CNSA moon orbiting satellite with solar cells
• 4.3. Solar powered ESA satellites
• 4.4. Successful ISRO moon satellite
• 4.5. JAXA moon project
• 4.6. "Ibuki" GOSAT greenhouse gas monitoring satellite
• 4.7. Swiss solar plane
• 4.8. AeroVironment Inc energy efficient electric systems
• 4.9. Helios, the 247-foot wingspan solar-powered airplane
• 4.10. Combining photovoltaic and electrodynamic harvesting in an aircraft
• 4.11. Automotive power flow
• 4.12. Thermoelectrics to improve the efficiency of stationary Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
• 4.13. Self powered robot jellyfish
• 4.14. Oshkosh hybrid truck
• 4.15. International Space Station
• 4.16. Solar panels for the Hubble telescope
• 4.17. Helicopter vibration harvester
• 4.18. Bell model 412 helicopter
• 5.1. Yacht Ferretti
• 5.2. Mizunokoshima lighthouse
• 5.3. Buoy with tidal power generation
• 5.4. Solar powered boats for tourism cruising at 12 kph on Lake Geneva
• 5.5. Buoy with efficient printed lighting
• 5.6. Sea buoys
• 5.7. USA sea gliders Liquid Robotics
• 5.8. Wave Glider
• 6.1. Uniqa tower
• 6.2. Intelligent lighting system
• 6.3. SMT Sandvik HA
• 6.4. Club Intrawest
• 6.5. Ikea
• 6.6. Institute de Cardiologie
• 6.7. Interior
• 6.8. Olympic village
• 6.9. Promutuel building
• 6.10. Promutuel
• 6.11. Regulvar office
• 6.12. Regulvar office 2
• 6.13. St Andrew's Cathedral
• 6.14. St Joseph school
• 6.15. Citadel
• 6.16. Green home
• 6.17. Nestle HQ
• 6.18. Adidas Herzogenaurach
• 6.19. AK Hospital
• 6.20. Alexander Wacker Haus building
• 6.21. Office building
• 6.22. AVIVA
• 6.23. AXA
• 6.24. Festo AG
• 6.25. Hotel Platzl
• 6.26. Hotel Winkler
• 6.27. ICE Phoenix
• 6.28. Juwi HQ
• 6.29. Kaispeicher building
• 6.30. MAN
• 6.31. MDS
• 6.32. Medical center
• 6.33. Messe Frankfurt
• 6.34. Meuritz Clinic
• 6.35. Multimedia Center
• 6.36. OS3 Intelligent office building
• 6.37. Premino 11
• 6.38. Rothermel building
• 6.39. Shorndorf building
• 6.40. Rolandsbruecke building
• 6.41. SAP HQ
• 6.42. Semper Opera
• 6.43. Siemens
• 6.44. Housing estate
• 6.45. Wurtzburg
• 6.46. Takko
• 6.47. Thermokon
• 6.48. Modern Housing
• 6.49. Luxembourg school
• 6.50. DZ railway station
• 6.51. University Hall
• 6.52. Grenseveien office
• 6.53. Spain senior residence
• 6.54. Torre Espacio
• 6.55. AGS
• 6.56. IBM
• 6.57. Office building
• 6.58. Building
• 6.59. Hotel Kempinski
• 6.60. Club Surya in London
• 6.61. Mond Laboratory
• 6.62. Mond interior
• 6.63. 1000 Continental
• 6.64. Bryan school
• 6.65. Hotel Kahana
• 6.66. AdaptivEnergy's Joule-Thief energy-harvesting module
• 6.67. Park City
• 6.68. PulseSwitch lighting switches
• 6.69. Transparent demonstrator
• 6.70. PulseSwitch harvesting element
• 6.71. Art Museum
• 6.72. VA Medical Center
• 6.73. Keycard Access Switch
• 7.1. The Copenhagen bicycle
• 7.2. The Copenhagen Wheel
• 7.3. Bluecar
• 7.4. Pininfarina Bollore Bluecar cross section
• 7.5. 2010 Toyota Prius
• 7.6. Solar panel on roof of the new plug in Prius
• 7.7. Volvo hybrid bus Sweden
• 7.8. Cruise Car Inc solar golf cart
• 7.9. Fisker Karma
• 7.10. Tesla Motors Roadster pure EV performance car
• 8.1. China media wall
• 8.2. Playmobil Fun Park
• 8.3. Power paving
• 8.4. Solar and turbine harvesting for road furniture
• 8.5. Perpetuum electrodynamic harvesting
• 8.6. The designers at the solar bus stop in Barcelona
• 8.7. Solar bus stop in San Francisco
• 8.8. EyeStop
• 8.9. Sensor monitoring rock net using energy of net movement and solar cells
• 8.10. Extramart traffic area
• 8.11. Biofuel cells implanted in snails
• 8.12. Solar-powered wireless G-Link seismic sensor on the Corinth Bridge in Greece.
• 8.13. Multiple solar-powered nodes monitor strain and vibration at key locations on the Goldstar Bridge over the Thames River in New London, Conn
• 8.14. LED street light
• 8.15. Duracell Power Rover
• 9.1. Intelligent Ski
• 9.2. Left, traditional ski - right, Head Intelligence ski with Intellifibers
• 9.3. China Bluetooth headset
• 9.4. Texet calculator
• 9.5. Electrodynamic Easy Energy YoGen
• 9.6. Wind up lantern
• 9.7. Hand cranked electrodynamic torch
• 9.8. Hi-Tech Wealth's S116 clamshell solar phone
• 9.9. Mascotte G24i Solar bag
• 9.10. Solar camera bag powered by G24i launched in 2010 with dedicated camera battery charger
• 9.11. Multimode electrodynamic / solar EH chargers HYmini and MiniSolar.
• 9.12. In-wheel dynamo
• 9.13. Piezoelectric gas lighter
• 9.14. Solar garden lighting
• 9.15. Solar mole repeller
• 9.16. Bosch dynamo
• 9.17. Odersun solar bag
• 9.18. Solar ski helmet
• 9.19. Casio WV-M120E-1VER radio controlled Solar powered Bracelet Digital Watch
• 9.20. Citizen EcoDrive photovoltaic wristwatch
• 9.21. EH tag
• 9.22. Seiko Kinetic mechanism
• 9.23. Ultimate Kinetic Chronograph
• 9.24. Charge indicator
• 9.25. Sharp solar phone
• 9.26. Card with no battery, the image being illuminated by RF power from an RFID reader
• 9.27. Flashing flexible OLED display at point of purchase POP
• 9.28. Light emitting business card with images that light up sequentially
• 9.29. Solar powered photo stand
• 9.30. Flat sheet type of charger that is flexible
• 9.31. OLED posters powered by flexible photovoltaics
• 9.32. Light emitting display with audio all powered by ambient light
• 9.33. Poster with electrophoretic display counting down to the arrival date of Beaujolais Nouveau.
• 9.34. Poster combining flashing LED with Toppan Forms Audio PaperTM sound
• 9.35. Samsung solar phone
• 9.36. Weza electrodynamic, foot operated charger
• 9.37. Tissot Autoquartz watch
• 9.38. Power umbrella
• 9.39. iPod Touch solar charger
• 9.40. Rider powered motor cycle safety alarm
• 9.41. Solar power for Kindle
• 9.42. Voltaic solar bag
• 9.43. Energy harvesting baby stroller