即時位置資訊系統（RTLS）：2012年∼2022年

即時位置資訊系統（RTLS）、其技術與、主要的地方、何種理由所使用的問題點、會有基本的改變。其用途部分、占初期的運用成功範例的大部分之物流及醫院的使用的發展、石油・瓦斯、開挖、航空宇宙、及製造的領域為重要的RTLS引進領域。

本報告書內容包括:全球的即時位置資訊系統（RTLS）市場為焦點、RTLS相關優點及需求等彙整、RTLS所使用的各種技術的解說、室外・室內所使用的系統個案研究之介紹、市場實績推移的彙整到2022年為止的市場預測之提示等、內容綱要摘記如下:

第1章 實施摘要與結論

• 市場規模
• 主要技術
• 定義
• 曖昧的邊界線
• 各種部門的零售急速增加
• 成功模式：Ubisense
• 一般趨勢
• 發展的市場區分
• 既存WiFi的使用
• 同領域加入的企業
• RTLS價值鏈
• 使用者的地理位置
• 應用程式的趨勢
• 規格的趨勢
• 全RFID市場

第2章 介紹

• 何謂RTLS
• 不分類在RTLS的部份
• 主要優點
• 相關市場需求
• 歷史
• 工具
• RTLS的ISO規格
• 個人的問題
• 個案研究：私人用RTLS
• IDTechEx的活動「Energy Harvesting、RTLS、及WSN」（2011年6月、慕尼黑舉辦）的印象

第3章 RTLS技術

• 各種技術
• 區域技術
• 三角測量技術及TDOA（Time Difference of Arrival：到達時間差）技術
• GPS（全地球測位系統）
• 供應商個案研究：Ubisense
• 無線指紋法與WiFi
• 受信信號強度表示信號（RSSI：Received Signal Strength Indication）

• NFER（Near Field Electromagnetic Ranging：近距離電磁測距）
• 使用被動式的RTLS：高容量RTLS？

第4章 RTLS用RFID寬頻的選擇

• 無線相關規範的變化
• 沒有適合所有的寬頻數
• 超廣頻譜（UWB：Ultra Wide Band）
• 範圍 vs. 成本
• 寬頻數 vs. 範圍

第5章 室內位置確認系統（IPS）

• 醫療機器的位置確認所使用的IPS
• 個案研究：2008年倫敦的皇家阿爾伯特音樂廳的歌劇
• 供應商個案研究：Ekahau USA
• 個案研究：名古屋掖劑會醫院（日本）
• 個案研究：Palmetto Health（美國）
• 個案研究：AWAREA、個人化行銷/廣告、身體障礙者專用導覽（美國）
• 供應商個案研究：Verichip Corporation（美國）
• 供應商個案研究：Axcess International Inc（美國）
• 供應商個案研究：ActiveWave Inc（美國）
• 供應商個案研究：Healthcare Pilot（美國）
• 個案研究：Intelligent InSites
• 個案研究：Holy Name Hospital（美國）
• 個案研究：Advocate Good Shepherd Hospital（美國）
• 個案研究：Merrimac Industries、資料庫及歸檔文件（美國）
• 個案研究：Borgess Medical Center、患者（美國）
• 個案研究：市政廳、失明者導覽（日本）
• 個案研究：Jackson Memorial、醫院資產（美國）
• 個案研究：Klinikum Saarbrucken Hospital、患者（德國）
• 個案研究：Legacy Salmon Creek Hospital、設備（美國）
• 個案研究：Massachusetts General Hospital、患者及資產（美國）
• 個案研究：Presbyterian Hospital、患者（美國）
• 個案研究：Changgen Memorial Hospital、患者（台灣）
• 個案研究：Tung Yuan Hospital（新竹）、患者（台灣）
• 個案研究：Vanderbilt Children's Hospital、資產（美國）
• 個案研究：醫院的患者（以色列）
• 供應商個案研究：PanGo Networks
• 個案研究：Washington Hospital Center、患者及資產（美國）
• 個案研究：Werribee Mercy Hospital、患者追蹤（澳洲）
• 個案研究：Wirral Hospital、人（英國）
• 個案研究：Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust、資產（英國）
• 個案研究：Metrotown Mall、安全（加拿大）
• 個案研究：E.S.E.G. Euro Security Group、編碼掃描的位置確認（德國）
• 個案研究：Boeing、品項單位（美國）
• 個案研究：Toyota、即時位置資訊、汽車（美國）

第6章 廣域及戶外用RTLS

• 優點與制約
• 地上支援設備、布魯塞爾國內機場（比利時）
• 供應商個案研究：WhereNet（美國）
• 個案研究：AM General Corporation、半成品（美國）
• 個案研究：BP、人的避難（美國）
• 個案研究：Broekman Group（荷蘭）
• 個案研究：Chelopech礦山（匈牙利）
• 個案研究：Ford Van Dyke工場、仕掛品及完成品車輛（美國）
• 個案研究：Inco礦山、設備（加拿大）
• 個案研究：Marion Correctional Treatment center、在院者（美國）
• 個案研究：NYK Logistics、貨櫃物的追蹤
• 個案研究：Volkswagen、半成品（德國）
• 個案研究：Yanzhou Mining Group、車輛追蹤（中國）

第7章 統合RTLS技術

• 統合技術
• 紅外線技術
• GPS、GSM及GPRS

第8章 市場規模與市場預測

• 2001年∼2011年的市場
• 2012年∼2022年的市場
• 2012年∼2022年的RFID市場：主動式 vs. 被動式
• RTLS價值鏈的各部重要性趨勢
• 各地區趨勢
• 應用程式趨勢
• 模式趨勢
• 頻譜數趨勢
• RTLS的淘汰
• 「IDTechEx Active RFID and RTLS Summit」（2010年）的印象
• RTLS的未來：網狀網路

附錄1：聯絡對象

附錄2：IDTechEx的出版物及調查

用語集

圖表

This report is for CEOs, marketing, sales, business planning VPs and their teams. It is for suppliers, users and potential users, component and service providers, government agencies, investors, analysts and planners. It is uniquely up to date and comprehensive. This is very important because, in the last year, there have been radical changes in Real Time Locating Systems RTLS in terms of technology and where and why it is primarily used. The uses have now moved well beyond logistics and hospitals that powered most of the early success and our new forecasts detail why there will be a multi-billion dollar business emerging within the next decade. Oil & Gas, Mining, Aerospace and Manufacturing are now among the important adopters of RTLS. We go into this very thoroughly, presenting new ten year forecasts and many new case studies and supplier profiles to illustrate the trends. There is even a detailed report on the latest conference on the subject, the IDTechEx "Energy Harvesting, RTLS & WSN" event.

What will be the market value over the next ten years? Where will the profits be made in future? What are the multiple benefits and paybacks emerging? Which companies should you buy? Which system should you use and who has done something similar already and can advise you on the pitfalls? Which are the most active countries and industries about to adopt this technology? It is all here.

Forecast of global RTLS market by value in millions of dollars 2012-2022

Source: IDTechEx

The report was prepared by a team led by Dr Peter Harrop who has written, lectured and consulted on global RFID developments, including RTLS, for eleven years and is regarded as one of the world's leading authorities on the subject. His company IDTechEx is regularly commissioned to carry out major consultancy projects in this area using its staff and offices in the USA, UK, Germany, Poland and New Zealand and associates across East Asia. With a profusion of figures, tables, supplier profiles and case studies, the report explains and compares the technologies and applications in detail yet in a way understandable to those with only basic scientific training.

Active versus Passive RFID tags, systems, software and services 2012-2022

Source: IDTechEx

Best practice is now seen from Bulgaria to Korea and, in addition to the well-known RTLS suppliers such as Zebra Technologies, Cisco, GE Healthcare, Awarepoint and Aeroscout continuing to land business, one must now track companies such as Decawave, Ubisense, Loc8tor and Samsung for the big new breakthroughs in RTLS technology. IDTechEx is unmatched in its ability to discover and explain what is happening because it updates its RFID Knowledgebase every week as its PhD level consultants intensively tour the globe. This RFID Knowledgebase currently details 4400 RFID projects in 123 countries involving over 4400 organisations. In addition, the IDTechEx contact database lists over 30,000 people interested in RFID.

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

• 1.1. Market size
• 1.2. The main technologies
• 1.3. Definitions
• 1.4. Blurring of boundaries
• 1.5. Surges of sales in different sectors
• 1.6. Role model of success - Ubisense
• 1.7. General trends
• 1.8. Evolving market segmentation
• 1.9. Using existing WiFi
• 1.10. Companies entering the field
• 1.11. The RTLS value chain
• 1.12. Geographical location of users
• 1.13. Applicational trends
  • 1.13.1. Trend of modes
  • 1.13.2. Trend of frequencies
  • 1.13.3. Trend of suppliers
• 1.14. Trend of standards
• 1.14.1. Privacy issues
• 1.14.2. Impediments to adoption of RTLS
• 1.15. The Total RFID market

2. INTRODUCTION

• 2.1. What is RTLS?
  • 2.1.1. Definitions
  • 2.1.2. Construction of an RTLS system
• 2.2. What is not RTLS
  • 2.2.1. Needs driving RTLS
• 2.3. Primary benefits
• 2.4. Relevant market needs
  • 2.4.1. Case study: Alexandra Hospital/ Singapore National University Hospital, staff, visitors and patients, Singapore
• 2.5. History
• 2.6. Tools
• 2.7. ISO standards for RTLS
• 2.8. Privacy issues
• 2.9. Case study: RTLS for private individuals
• 2.10. Impressions of the IDTechEx Event Energy Harvesting, RTLS and WSN, Munich June 2011
  • 2.10.1. Major advances by Samsung

3. RTLS TECHNOLOGIES

• 3.1. Variety in technologies
• 3.2. Zonal
  • 3.2.1. Different views
  • 3.2.2. Supplier case study: Sovereign Tracking Systems US
  • 3.2.3. Supplier case study: RF Code USA
  • 3.2.4. Case study: Mercy Hospital USA
  • 3.2.5. Case study: Felixstowe Dock and Rail Company vehicles UK
  • 3.2.6. Case study: Brigham & Women's Hospital chooses ultrasound RTLS
• 3.3. Triangulation and Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA)
  • 3.3.1. Case study: BMW vehicles Germany, UK, South Africa
• 3.4. Global Positioning System (GPS)
  • 3.4.1. The satellites
  • 3.4.2. The Master Control facility
  • 3.4.3. Smaller and more sensitive receivers widen the possible applications
  • 3.4.4. High sensitivity GPS receivers
  • 3.4.5. Who uses GPS
  • 3.4.6. Case study: Tracking children USA
• 3.5. Supplier case study: Ubisense
  • 3.5.1. Case study Ortrander Eisenhutte
  • 3.5.2. Where the signal comes from
  • 3.5.3. How the signal is deployed and analysed
• 3.6. Radio fingerprinting and WiFi
  • 3.6.1. Case study: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center equipment USA
  • 3.6.2. Supplier case study: AeroScout USA
  • 3.6.3. Supplier case study G2 Microsystems
  • 3.6.4. Case study: Aobaku schoolchildren, Japan
  • 3.6.5. Case study: John Deere USA
• 3.7. Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI)
  • 3.7.1. Supplier case study RFTechnologies USA
• 3.8. Bluetooth
• 3.9. Near Field Electromagnetic Ranging (NFER)
• 3.10. Real Time Locating Systems Using Passive Tags - High Volume RTLS?

4. CHOICE OF RFID FREQUENCY FOR RTLS

• 4.1. Radio regulations are changing
• 4.2. No ideal frequency for everything
• 4.3. Ultra Wide Band (UWB)
• 4.4. Range versus cost
• 4.5. Frequency versus range

5. INDOOR POSITIONING SYSTEMS IN ACTION

• 5.1. IPS used to located medical equipment
• 5.2. Case study: Opera at the Royal Albert Hall London in 2008
• 5.3. Supplier case study: Ekahau USA
• 5.4. Case study: Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital Japan
• 5.5. Supplier case study Hynix Semiconductor Korea
• 5.6. Case study: Palmetto Health USA
• 5.7. Case study: AWAREA personalised marketing/advertising, guidance for the disabled, USA
  • 5.7.1. Supplier case study: BioRfid Solutions
  • 5.7.2. Supplier case study: Student Tracker "! Program for Absenteeism and Dropouts
• 5.8. Supplier case study: Verichip Corporation USA
  • 5.8.1. Wander prevention
  • 5.8.2. Infant protection
• 5.9. Supplier case study Axcess International Inc USA
  • 5.9.1. AXCESS Asset Activator "!
  • 5.9.2. Patient monitoring
  • 5.9.3. Case study: Private school attendance, USA
• 5.10. Supplier case study: ActiveWave Inc USA
• 5.11. Supplier case study: Healthcare Pilot USA
• 5.12. Case study: Intelligent InSites
• 5.13. Case study: Holy Name Hospital USA
• 5.14. Case study: Advocate Good Shepherd Hospital USA
• 5.15. Case study: Merrimac Industries libraries and archiving USA
• 5.16. Case study: Borgess Medical Center patients USA
• 5.17. Case study: City halls guiding the blind Japan
• 5.18. Case study: Jackson Memorial; Hospital assets USA
• 5.19. Case study: Klinikum Saarbrucken Hospital patients Germany
• 5.20. Case study: Legacy Salmon Creek Hospital equipment USA
• 5.21. Case study: Massachusetts General Hospital patients and assets USA
• 5.22. Case study: Presbyterian Hospital patients USA
• 5.23. Case study: Changgen Memorial Hospital patients Taiwan
• 5.24. Case study: Tung Yuan Hospital in Hsinchu, patients Taiwan
• 5.25. Case study: Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, assets, USA
• 5.26. Case study: Hospital patients Israel
• 5.27. Supplier case study PanGo Networks
• 5.28. Case study: Washington Hospital Center, patients and assets, USA
• 5.29. Case study: Werribee Mercy Hospital, patient tracking, Australia
• 5.30. Case study: Wirral Hospital people, UK
• 5.31. Case study: Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust assets UK
• 5.32. Case study: Metrotown Mall security Canada
• 5.33. Case study: E.S.E.G. Euro Security Group, locating barcode scanners, Germany
• 5.34. Case study: Boeing, item level, USA
• 5.35. Case study: Toyota, real time locating, vehicles USA
• 5.36. Case study: Birmingham Heartlands and Solihull NHS Trust patients UK
• 5.37. Case study: Bon Secours Health System, equipment USA

6. LONG RANGE AND OUTDOOR RTLS IN ACTION

• 6.1. Benefits and limitations
• 6.2. Ground Support Equipment Brussels National Airport Belgium
• 6.3. Supplier case study WhereNet USA
• 6.4. Case study: AM General Corporation work in progress USA
• 6.5. Case study: BP, people evacuation, USA
• 6.6. Case study: Broekman Group The Netherlands
• 6.7. Case study: Chelopech mine Bulgaria
• 6.8. Case study: Ford Van Dyke plant work in progress and finished vehicles USA
• 6.9. Case study: Inco Mine equipment Canada
• 6.10. Case study: Marion Correctional Treatment center inmates USA
• 6.11. Case study: NYK Logistics, tracking containers, USA
• 6.12. Case study: Volkswagen work in progress Germany
• 6.13. Case study: Yanzhou Mining Group vehicle tracking China

7. COMBINED RTLS TECHNOLOGIES

• 7.1. Combined technologies
  • 7.1.1. Combined in one tag
  • 7.1.2. Not combined in one tag
• 7.2. Infrared
  • 7.2.1. Supplier case study: Versus Technology Inc USA
• 7.3. GPS and GSM, GPRS
  • 7.3.1. Supplier case study: Wherify USA
  • 7.3.2. Supplier case study: Sygade/ Max ID, South Africa/ UK
  • 7.3.3. Supplier case study: Savi Technology
  • 7.3.4. Case Study Dow Chemical

8. MARKET SIZE AND FORECASTS

• 8.1. Market 2001 to 2011
• 8.2. Market 2012-2022
• 8.3. RFID Market 2012-2022: active versus passive
• 8.4. Trend in importance of different parts of the RTLS value chain
• 8.5. Geographical trends
• 8.6. Applicational trends
• 8.7. Trend of modes
• 8.8. Trend of frequencies
• 8.9. Shakeout in Real Time Locating Systems
• 8.10. Impressions from the IDTechEx Active RFID and RTLS Summit in 2010
• 8.11. The future of RTLS - mesh networks

APPENDIX 1: CONTACT DETAILS

APPENDIX 2: IDTECHEX PUBLICATIONS AND RESEARCH

APPENDIX 3: GLOSSARY

• 1.1. Global market for RTLS in millions of dollars 2001-2011
• 1.2. Cumulative sales of RTLS systems to start of 2009
• 1.3. Forecast of global RTLS market by value in millions of dollars 2012-2022
• 1.4. Trend in number of suppliers into parts of the RTLS value chain 2009, 2014, 2019
• 1.5. Examples of suppliers and developers of RTLS systems
• 1.6. Total market for active RFID including tags and systems
• 2.1. Some challenges driving greater use of RTLS because it can be part of the solution
• 2.2. Examples of needs and concerns about RTLS in various sectors
• 2.3. Examples of companies with or developing RTLS systems or appropriate parts and services and the sectors they address
• 3.1. Comparison of passive tag RTLS options
• 4.1. The commonly used licence free frequencies for active RFID
• 4.2. Role of frequency in usefulness of RTLS systems
• 5.1. Required characteristics of an indoor positioning solution.
• 5.2. Specification of ActiveWave jumboTag
• 5.3. Equipment Rental Costs: Financial Results*
• 5.4. GSH equipment purchasing costs
• 5.5. Associate Satisfaction: Nursing Satisfaction Scores
• 7.1. Wherify view of RTLS options
• 8.1. Global market for RTLS in millions of dollars 2001 to 2011
• 8.2. Cumulative sales of RTLS systems to start of 2009
• 8.3. Forecast of global RTLS market by value in millions of dollars 2012-2022
• 8.4. Active versus Passive RFID tags, systems, software and services 2012-2022
• 8.5. Total market for active RFID including tags and systems
• 8.6. Examples of suppliers and developers of RTLS systems

• 1.1. Global market for RTLS in millions of dollars 2001-2011
• 1.2. Forecast of global RTLS market by value in millions of dollars 2012-2022
• 1.3. The most popular forms of RTLS based on RFID
• 1.4. ORNL future instrumentation roadmap
• 1.5. The barrel shape of potential RTLS market value as a function of system price, with some examples of actual and potential suppliers.
• 1.6. Trend in number of significant suppliers into parts of the RTLS value chain 2009, 2014, 2019
• 1.7. Total market for active RFID tags including systems
• 2.1. Loc8tor advertisement
• 2.2. Loc8tor 2.4GHz interrogator searching in 3D on left, homing tag centre, panic tag right.
• 2.3. Loc8tor kit
• 2.4. Loc8tor interrogator functions
• 2.5. Loc8tor Lite
• 2.6. RTLS Progress at Samsung
• 2.7. RTLS applications envisaged for the Samsung technology
• 2.8. Applicational specifics
• 2.9. Samsung RTLS in Seoul Noblesse Tower
• 2.10. Singapore PSA Pilot
• 2.11. Samsung Conclusions for its new RTLS work in 2011
• 2.12. Main factors affecting WSN performance according to Millennial Net
• 2.13. Millennial Net WSN performance compared with that of others.
• 2.14. Persistent Dynamic Routing
• 2.15. RTLS Demo - system concept
• 2.16. RTLS and WSN comparison
• 3.1. Radianse view of the relative merits of some RTLS technologies
• 3.2. Example of Zonal RTLS
• 3.3. Example of a Sovereign Tracking Systems transceiver
• 3.4. RFCode tag and interrogator
• 3.5. The TAVIS system from RF Code
• 3.6. Trinity Terminal is the largest container handling facility in the UK
• 3.7. A NAVSTAR GPS satellite
• 3.8. Artist's concept of the GPS satellite constellation
• 3.9. System configuration needed to locate, track and monitor assets using an 802.11 network
• 3.10. AeroScout WiFi RTLS tags
• 3.11. AeroScout WiFi armbands
• 3.12. Complementary RFID technologies
• 3.13. Mojix Star system
• 4.1. License free frequencies across the world at UHF, changing all the time, with Europe looking to move to the frequencies made available by the other territories
• 4.2. Technical performance for active RFID in crowded environments as a function of frequency in the view of Savi Technology
• 4.3. UWB frequency spread compared with some alternative active RFID bands in the microwave region
• 4.4. A Ubisense healthcare application of UWB active RFID
• 4.5. Range versus cost
• 4.6. Frequency versus range
• 5.1. Ubisense Screenshot: Typical on-stage spatial localisation zones
• 5.2. Ekahau WiFi tag
• 5.3. Watchlet Resident Bracelet
• 5.4. ActiveWave jumboTag
• 5.5. Healthcare Pilot tags
• 5.6. How the Healthcare Pilot RTLS system works
• 5.7. GSH equipment rental costs
• 5.8. GSH equipment purchasing costs
• 5.9. GSH associate satisfaction
• 5.10. Monitoring system for personnel tags
• 5.11. Zonal personnel tracking system
• 5.12. Using RFID to guide people
• 5.13. Miyake white navigation system
• 5.14. A Miyake LC Array chipless RFID tag
• 5.15. Hospital contact history and monitoring system
• 5.16. Scene at hospital
• 5.17. EIRIS Technology IRFIDTM Components
• 5.18. EIRIS Technology Tags
• 5.19. EIRIS Data collecting and equipment tags
• 5.20. EIRIS System Architecture
• 5.21. ELPAS' System Architecture
• 5.22. ELPAS' Healthcare Applications
• 5.23. A selection of UWB RFID tags
• 5.24. Overall strategic design
• 5.25. Patient track & alarm
• 5.26. Information systems in Wirral Hospital
• 5.27. Analysis - EDR/EIS
• 5.28. AeroScout WiFi RTLS tags
• 5.29. Agility Healthcare Solutions' mobile asset management solution
• 5.30. AgileTracTM tracks the "state" of an asset
• 6.1. Real Time Locating Systems - long range triangulation and/or Time Delay of Arrival
• 6.2. Essensium provides fleet management of Ground Support Equipment
• 6.3. WhereNet System Components
• 6.4. The TSI PRISM wireless (RFID) tracking system consists of three primary components
• 6.5. Tag attached at the gate
• 6.6. The tag broadcasts its ID signal at three regular intervals
• 6.7. Hostlers get instructions via wireless terminal
• 6.8. A WhereNet reader locating intermodal containers in a large yard.
• 6.9. Yanzou Mine
• 7.1. Versus combined IR/ RFID personnel locator and alarm
• 7.2. Hi-Efficiency Infrared (IR) Sensor (VER-4426)
• 7.3. Radio Frequency (RFID) Sensor (VER-4452)
• 7.4. Wherifone
• 7.5. Wherify system
• 7.6. Sygade active tags and tracking units
• 8.1. Global market for RTLS in millions of dollars 2001-2011
• 8.2. Forecast of global RTLS market by value in millions of dollars 2012-2022
• 8.3. Active versus Passive RFID tags, systems, software and services 2012-2022
• 8.4. Total market for active RFID tags including systems
• 8.5. Asset tags from Axcess
• 8.6. Three generations of Active RFID