本報告已在2011年06月27日停止出版。
更改為出版
Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene for Electronics Applications 2011-2021
出版日期 : 2011年06月
商品編碼: 200163
本報告書內容包括:奈米碳管&石墨烯的電子應用市場的調查分析、各種應用的市場趨勢・技術開發趨勢・課題・市場機會、主要企業100家的介紹、CNT及石墨烯的市場機會・藍圖等彙整、內容綱要摘記如下:
第1章 實施摘要及總論
第2章 CNT/石墨烯的電晶體
- 和其他半導體的比較
- CNT/石墨烯電晶體的最新進化
- 課題
第3章 作為導體的奈米碳管
- 和其他導體的比較
- 導體的堆積技術・主要應用
- 奈米碳管導體的最新進化
- 課題
第4章 CNT的其他應用
- NRAM資料儲存設備
- 有機太陽能發電設備・油電混合式有機/無機太陽能發電
- 超級電容器・電池
- 智慧型紡織品用CNT
- 薄膜擴聲器
- 感應器
- Aneeve Nanotechnologies LLC
- Michigan University, USA
- University of Pittsburgh
第5章 企業介紹
第6章 網路介紹
- CONTACT
- Inno.CNT
- National Technology Research Association (NTRA)
第7章 市場預測・成本
- 奈米碳管及石墨烯的市場機會・藍圖
- SWCNT成本
- 印刷電子的新矚目：可撓性電子的重要性
- 不可視性電子的矚目
- 合理化
- 行銷力
附錄
圖表
Abstract
“This report covers the latest work from 78 organizations around the world”
Description
Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs), graphene and their compounds exhibit extraordinary
electrical properties for organic materials, and have a huge potential in
electrical and electronic applications such as photovoltaics, sensors,
semiconductor devices, displays, conductors, smart textiles and energy
conversion devices (e.g., fuel cells, harvesters and batteries). This updated
report brings all of this together, covering the latest work from 100
organizations around the world to details of the latest progress applying the
technologies. New developments, challenges and opportunities regarding
material production and applications are given.
Applications of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene for electronics applications
Depending on their chemical structure, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be used as
an alternative to organic or inorganic semiconductors as well as conductors,
but the cost is currently the greatest restraint. However, that has the
ability to rapidly fall as new, cheaper mass production processes are
established, which we cover in this report. In electronics, other than
electromagnetic shielding, one of the first large applications for CNTs will
be conductors. In addition to their high conductance, they can be transparent,
flexible and even stretchable. Here, applications are for displays, replacing
ITO; touch screens, photovoltaics and display bus bars and beyond.
In addition, interest is high as CNTs have demonstrated mobilities which are
magnitudes higher than silicon, meaning that fast switching transistors can be
fabricated. In addition, CNTs can be solution processed, i.e. printed. In
other words, CNTs will be able to provide high performing devices which can
ultimately be made in low cost manufacturing processes such as printing, over
large areas. They have application to supercapacitors, which bridge the gap
between batteries and capacitors, leveraging the energy density of batteries
with the power density of capacitors and transistors.
Challenges are material purity, device fabrication, and the need for other
device materials such as suitable dielectrics. However, the opportunity is
large, given the high performance, flexibility, transparency and printability.
Companies that IDTechEx surveyed report growth rates as high as 300% over the
next five years. New developments regarding the production of pure CNTs and
the separation of conducting and semiconducting carbon nanotubes are given in
this updated report.
Graphene, a cheap organic material, is being enhanced by companies that are
increasing its conductivity, to be used in some applications as a
significantly cheaper printed conductor compared to silver ink. Graphene and
its compounds are increasingly used to make transistors that show extremely
good performance - a progress that comes with new cheaper production processes
for the raw material. All this work is covered in this updated report from
IDTechEx.
Now with activity from 100 organizations profiled
IDTechEx has researched 100 companies and academic institutions working on
carbon nanotubes, graphene and their compounds, all profiled in the report.
While manufacturers in North America focus more on single wall CNTs (SWCNTs);
Asia and Europe, with Japan on top and China second, are leading the
production of multi wall CNTS (MWCNTs) with Showa Denko, Mitsui and Hodogaya
Chemical being among the largest suppliers.
Opportunities for Carbon Nanotube material supply
A number of companies are already selling CNTs with metallic and
semiconducting properties grown by several techniques in a commercial scale
but mostly as raw material and in limited quantities. However, printable CNT
inks are beginning to hit the market. The last year has shown further
development regarding cheap production, purification and separation of
conducting and semiconducting nanotubes. However, the selective and uniform
production of CNTs with specific diameter, length and electrical properties is
yet to be achieved in commercial scale.
Opportunities for Carbon Nanotube device manufacture
There are still some hurdles to overcome when using printing for the
fabrication of thin carbon nanotube films. There is relatively poor quality of
the nanotube starting material, which mostly shows a low crystallinity, low
purity and high bundling. Subsequently, purifying the raw material without
significantly degrading the quality is difficult. Furthermore there is also
the issue to achieve good dispersions in solution and to remove the deployed
surfactants from the deposited films. Nevertheless, especially research
institutes and material suppliers are working to solve the biggest issues in
short time. The latest work by company is featured in the report.
Key benefits of purchasing this report
This concise and unique updated report from IDTechEx gives an in-depth review
to the applications, technologies, emerging solutions and players.
It addresses specific topics such as:
- Activities of 100 global organizations which are active in the development
of materials or devices using carbon nanotubes or graphene.
- Application to conductors, displays, transistors, super capacitors,
batteries, photovoltaics and much more
- Types of carbon nanotubes and graphene and their properties and impact on
electronics
- Current development as well as challenges in production and use and
opportunities
- Forecasts for the entire printed electronics market which carbon nanotubes
and printed electronics could impact
For those involved in making or using carbon nanotubes, or those developing
displays, photovoltaics, transistors, energy storage devices and conductors
and want to learn about how they can benefit from this technology, this is a
must-read report.
Report Statistics
- Pages: 228
- Tables: 19
- Figures: 73
- Companies: 100
- Forecasts to: 2020
- Last update: Q2 2010
Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
1. INTRODUCTION
- 1.1. What are Carbon Nanotubes
- 1.2. What is graphene?
- 1.2.1. Manufacturing graphene
- 1.3. Properties for electronic and electrical applications
- 1.4. Manufacture of CNTs
- 1.4.2. Arc Method
- 1.4.3. Laser Ablation Method
- 1.4.4. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
- 1.5. Printing Carbon Nanotubes
- 1.6. Latest progress with printing carbon nanotubes
- 1.6.1. Application of printed carbon nanotubes to flexible displays
- 1.6.2. Application of printed carbon nanotubes to transistors
- 1.6.3. Application of printed carbon nanotubes to energy storage devices
- supercapacitors
2. CNT/GRAPHENE TRANSISTOR
- 2.1. Comparison to other semiconductors
- 2.2. Latest progress with CNT/Graphene Transistors
- 2.2.1. Separating metallic and semiconductor carbon nanotubes
- 2.2.2. Graphene field effect transistors
- 2.3. Challenges
3. CARBON NANOTUBES AS CONDUCTORS
- 3.2. Comparison to other conductors
- 3.3. Conductor deposition technologies and main applications
- 3.4. Latest progress with Carbon Nanotube conductors
- 3.5. Challenges
4. OTHER APPLICATIONS OF CNTS
- 4.1. NRAM data storage device
- 4.2. Organic photovoltaic devices and hybrid organic-inorganic
photovoltaics
- 4.3. Supercapacitors and/or batteries
- 4.4. CNTs for smart textiles
- 4.5. Thin film loudspeakers
- 4.6. Sensors
- 4.6.1. Aneeve Nanotechnologies LLC
- 4.6.2. Michigan University, USA
- 4.6.3. University of Pittsburgh
5. COMPANIES PROFILES
- 5.1. Aneeve Nanotechnologies LLC, USA
- 5.2. Angstron Materials LLC., USA
- 5.3. Apex Nanomaterials, USA
- 5.4. Applied Nanotech, USA
- 5.5. Arry International Group, Hong Kong
- 5.6. BASF, Germany
- 5.7. Bayer MaterialScience, Germany
- 5.8. Brewer Science, USA
- 5.9. Canatu Ltd., Finland
- 5.10. Carben Semicon Ltd, Russia
- 5.11. Carbon Solutions, Inc., USA
- 5.12. CarboLex, Inc., USA
- 5.13. Cap-XX Australia
- 5.14. Case Western Reserve University, USA
- 5.15. Catalyx Nanotech Inc. (CNI), USA
- 5.16. CheapTubes, USA
- 5.17. Chengdu Organic Chemicals Co. Ltd. (Timesnano), China
- 5.18. CNano Technology Ltd, USA
- 5.19. Cornell University, USA
- 5.20. CSIRO, Australia
- 5.21. Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd., Japan
- 5.22. DuPont, USA
- 5.23. Eikos, USA
- 5.24. Frontier Carbon Corporation (FCC), Japan
- 5.25. Fujitsu Laboratories, Japan
- 5.26. Future Carbon GmbH, Germany
- 5.27. Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI), USA
- 5.28. Graphene Energy Inc., USA
- 5.29. Graphene Industries Ltd., UK
- 5.30. HeJi, Inc., China
- 5.31. Helix Material Solutions Inc., USA
- 5.32. Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd., Japan
- 5.33. Honda Research Institute USA Inc. (HRI-US), USA
- 5.34. Honjo Chemical Corporation, Japan
- 5.35. HRL Laboratories, USA
- 5.36. Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc.
- 5.37. IBM, USA
- 5.38. ILJIN Nanotech Co. Ltd., Korea
- 5.39. Intelligent Materials PVT. Ltd. (Nanoshel), India
- 5.40. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), USA
- 5.41. Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Germany
- 5.42. MER Corporation, USA
- 5.43. Mitsui Co., Ltd, Japan
- 5.44. Mknano, Canada
- 5.45. Nano-C, USA
- 5.46. NanoCarbLab (NCL), Russia
- 5.47. Nano Carbon Technologies Co., Ltd. (NCT)
- 5.48. Nanocomb Technologies, Inc. (NCTI), USA
- 5.49. Nanocs, USA
- 5.50. Nanocyl s.a., Belgium
- 5.51. NanoIntegris, USA
- 5.52. NanoLab, Inc., USA
- 5.53. NanoMas Technologies, USA
- 5.54. Nano-Proprietary, Inc., USA
- 5.55. Nanoshel, Korea
- 5.56. Nanostructured & Amorphous Materials, Inc., USA
- 5.57. Nanothinx S.A. , Greece
- 5.58. Nantero, USA
- 5.59. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
(AIST), Japan
- 5.60. NEC Corporation, Japan
- 5.61. New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT), USA
- 5.62. Noritake Co., Japan
- 5.63. Northeastern University, Boston, USA
- 5.64. Optomec, USA
- 5.65. Pennsylvania State University, USA
- 5.66. PETEC (Printable Electronics Technology Centre), UK
- 5.67. Rice University, USA
- 5.68. Rutgers University, USA
- 5.69. Samsung Electronics, Korea
- 5.70. SES Research, USA
- 5.71. Shenzhen Nanotechnologies Co. Ltd. (NTP)
- 5.72. Showa Denko Carbon, Inc. (SDK), USA
- 5.73. ST Microelectronics, Switzerland
- 5.74. SouthWest NanoTechnologies (SWeNT), USA
- 5.75. Sungkyunkwan University Advanced Institute of Nano Technology
(SAINT), Korea
- 5.76. Sun Nanotech Co, Ltd., China
- 5.77. Surrey NanoSystems, UK
- 5.78. Thomas Swan & Co. Ltd., UK
- 5.79. Toray Industries, Japan
- 5.80. Tsinghua University, China
- 5.81. Unidym, Inc., USA
- 5.82. University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), USA
- 5.83. University of Cincinnati (UC), USA
- 5.84. University of Michigan, USA
- 5.85. University of Oklahoma, USA
- 5.86. University of Pittsburgh, USA
- 5.87. University of Southern California (USC), USA
- 5.88. University of Stanford, USA
- 5.89. University of Stuttgart, Germany
- 5.90. University of Surrey, UK
- 5.91. University of Texas at Austin, USA
- 5.92. University of Tokyo, Japan
- 5.93. University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
- 5.94. Vorbeck Materials Corp, USA
- 5.95. Wisepower Co., Ltd., Korea
- 5.96. XG Sciences, USA
- 5.97. Xintek Nanotechnology Innovations, USA
- 5.98. Y-Carbon
- 5.99. Zoz GmbH, Germany
- 5.100. Zyvex, Inc., USA
6. NETWORK PROFILES
- 6.1. CONTACT
- 6.2. Inno.CNT
- 6.3. National Technology Research Association (NTRA)
7. FORECASTS AND COSTS
- 7.1. Market Opportunity and roadmap for Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene
- 7.2. Costs of SWCNTs
- 7.3. New Focus for Printed Electronics - the importance of flexible
electronics
- 7.4. Focus on invisible electronics
- 7.5. Shakeout in organics
- 7.6. Market pull
APPENDIX 1: GLOSSARY
APPENDIX 2: IDTECHEX PUBLICATIONS AND CONSULTANCY
TABLES
- 2.1. Comparison of the main options for semiconductors
- 3.2. Typical Sheet Resistivity figures for conductors
- 3.3. Main applications of conductive inks and some major suppliers today
- 5.1. Baytubes product specifications
- 5.2. Results of pulse-heat CVD
- 5.3. Characteristics of the CNT-FED compared with LEDs
- 7.1. Market forecast by component type for 2010 to 2020 in US $ billions,
for printed and potentially printed electronics including organic, inorganic
and composites
- 7.2. Costs of SWeNTs
- 7.3. SES Research
- 7.4. Nanothinx S.A. (price per gram in Euros)
- 7.5. Nanocs
- 7.6. Arry International Group
- 7.7. Carbon Solutions
- 7.8. Carbolex
- 7.9. Cheaptubes
- 7.10. Helix Material Solutions
- 7.11. MER Corporation
FIGURES
- 1.1. Structure of single-walled carbon nanotubes
- 1.2. The chiral vector is represented by a pair of indices (n, m). T
denotes the tube axis, and a1 and a2 are the unit vectors of graphene in real
space.
- 1.3. Traditional CNT film processes are complex
- 1.4. CNT networks for flexible displays
- 1.5. CNT Transistors through Specialized Printing Processes from NEC
Corporation
- 2.1. Atomic Force Microscope image of carbon nanotubes before and after
processing.
- 2.2. Carbon nanotube Field Effect transistors
- 2.3. Epitaxial graphene FETs on a two-inch wafer scale
- 2.4. Graphene field effect transistor from IBM
- 2.5. An enlarged photo of a several-millimeter square chip with graphene
transistors. The graphene transistors can be seen in the enlarged photo of the
tips of the two electrodes
- 2.6. An LSI mounted on a flexible substrate by using CNT bumps
- 2.7. Printed CNT-TFT on a DuPont® Kapton® FPC polyimide film: (a)
schematic structure cross-section view, [(b) and (c)] picture of the CNT-TFT,
(b) circuit, and (c) optical microphotography of the CNT-TFT (top view). The
CNT-TFT is in
- 3.1. Potential applications are flexible solar cells, displays and touch
screens.
- 3.2. Targeted applications for carbon nanotubes by Eikos
- 3.3. Conductance in ohms per square for the different printable conductive
materials, at typical thicknesses used, compared with bulk metal
- 3.4. New printable elastic conductors made of carbon nanotubes are used to
connect OLEDs in a stretchable display that can be spread over a curved surface
- 3.5. Stretchable mesh of transistors connected by elastic conductors
- 3.6. Hybrid graphene-carbon nanotube G-CNT conductors
- 4.1. A three-terminal memory cell based on suspended carbon nanotubes: (a)
nonconducting state ' 0' , (b) conducting state ' 1' , and (c) Nantero' s
NRAM™.
- 4.2. Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) scientists have demonstrated
an ability to precisely grow "towers" composed of carbon nanotubes atop
silicon wafers. The work could be the basis for more efficient solar power for
soldiers in
- 4.3. The carbon nanotube supercapacitor versus batteries and traditional
capacitors
- 4.4. Anatomy of a supercapacitor: two films combining Indium Oxide (In2O3)
separated by a layer of Nafion film
- 4.5. Transparent film holds embedded nanotube/nanowire capacitor with high
energy density and storage capacity
- 4.6. Battery from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA
- 4.7. (a) SEM image of CMG particle surface, (b) TEM image showing
individual graphene sheets extending from CMG particle surface, (c) low and
high (inset) magnification SEM images of CMG particle electrode surface, and
(d) schematic of
- 4.8. Proposed battery design from UCLA
- 4.9. Four scanning electron microscope images of the spinning of carbon
nanotube fibres
- 4.10. Photographs of CNT-cotton yarn. (a) Comparison of the original and
surface modified yarn. (b) 1 meter long piece as made. (c) Demonstration of
LED emission with the current passing through the yarn.
- 4.11. The CNT thin film was put on a flag to make a flexible flag
loudspeaker
- 4.12. Carbon nanotube thin film loudspeakers
- 5.1. Hormone Sensing using CNT Printed Integrated Circuits
- 5.2. Fully printed CNT FET-based switch
- 5.3. Fully printed TFT device schematic
- 5.4. Transparent conductive material roadmap: Gen 1 at the moment; Gen 2
is the goal for end of 2010, Gen 3 is the long term target
- 5.5. Directly produced prepatterned films
- 5.6. Cap-XX supercapacitor technology with carbon coating.
- 5.7. Layout of CNT-FE BLU fabricated through pulse
- 5.8. Schematic illustration of experimental setup
- 5.9. Illustrations of micro-patterned cathodes
- 5.10. SEM images of CNTs on Samples C, D and E
- 5.11. Field emission properties of CNT-emitters patterned on a glass
substrate by pulse-heat CVD. Luminescence images from the backsides of the
cathode at various applied voltages are indicated in inset.
- 5.12. SEM images of CNTs on the micro-patterned electrodes with interline
spacing (a) 20, (b) 50, (c) 100 and (d)200 !m (top view).
- 5.13. CNT Ink Production Process
- 5.14. Target application areas of Eikos
- 5.15. IBM has patterned graphene transistors with a metal top-gate
architecture (top) fabricate on 2-inch wafers (bottom) created by the thermal
decomposition of silicon carbide.
- 5.16. The graphene microchip mostly based on relatively standard chip
processing technology
- 5.17. Density gradient ultracentrifugation
- 5.18. Color pixel; 3mm, display area; 48mm x480mm
- 5.19. Color pixel; 1.8mm, display area; 57.6mm x 460.8mm.
- 5.20. A prototype display of digital signage.
- 5.21. Application images of public displays.
- 5.22. Schematic structure of CNT-FED using line rib spacer.
- 5.23. Phosphor-dot pattern and conductive black-matrix pattern.
- 5.24. An application on the information desk. The color pixel pitch were
3mm(left) and 1.8mm (right).
- 5.25. A photograph of a displayed color character pattern in two lines.
The color pixel pitch was 1.8mm.
- 5.26. SEM images of CNT deposited metal electrode.(a) A photograph of the
CNT deposited metal frame. (b) SEM image; boundary of barrier area. (c) SEM
image; surface of the CNT layer. (d) SEM image; a surface morphology of CNT.
- 5.27. One of prototype displays on the vending machine. The display was
under field-testing in out-door. The CNT-FED and display module were under
testing continuously during ca.15months in Osaka-city up to date, and they
were still con
- 5.28. A photograph of driving system. A solar cell and the charging
controller, yellow small battery and CNT-FED module.
- 5.29. A photograph of a displayed color character which was driven by
solar cell and small battery. The color pixel pitch was 1.8mm.
- 5.30. High density SWCNT structures on wafer-scale flexible substrate.
- 5.31. SEM micrographs of assembled SWNT structures on a soft polymer
surface. (a) Patterned SWNT arrays on parylene-C substrate; (b) high
magnification view of a typical central area; (c) SWNT micro-arrays that are 4
μm wide with 5 μm s
- 5.32. CNT films from Rutgers University
- 5.33. Fabrication steps, leading to regular arrays of single-wall
nanotubes (bottom).
- 5.34. The colourless disk with a lattice of more than 20,000 nanotube
transistors in front of the USC sign.
- 5.35. Optical microscope image of Xintek' s CNT films
- 5.36. A field emission image of an array of CNT dots of 2mm in diameter
(1.55V/μm)
- 7.1. Supercapacitors
- 7.2. Market forecast by component type for 2010 to 2020 in US $ billions,
for printed and potentially printed electronics including organic, inorganic
and composites
- 7.3. Chengdu Organic Chemicals Co. Ltd. (Timesnano)
- 7.4. HeJi Inc
- 7.5. The percentage of printed and partly printed electronics that is
flexible 2010-2020
- 7.6. Evolution of printed electronics structures
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