寬頻無線存取：行動WiMAX與替代性BWA技術的可能性

本報告已在2011年11月23日停止出版。

簡介

目錄

Abstract

Overview

There are many signs of a renewed interest in Broadband Wireless Access technologies: the much-discussed Sprint Nextel decision to select mobile WiMAX for its 2.5 GHz network, carriers taking a careful look at the advanced Korean market, and the huge sums reached at recent spectrum auctions.

Broadband wireless access technologies indeed stand to benefit from many factors:

• Broadband is going mass market
• Consumers are increasingly mobile
• Mobile telephony leads the telecommunications market
• Data services represent an increasing share of total mobile ARPU
• Growing network capacity needs and the debate over net neutrality are giving alternative access technologies a boost
• Laptop computer sales are rising, while PDAs and mobile handsets are evolving towards smarter and more powerful devices integrating PC-like functionalities

This report focuses on the debate over the place in the equation of fixed and mobile WiMAX, traditional 3G technologies and their offspring UMTS TDD, FLASH-OFDM and iBurst. Alternative BWA technologies are evolving quickly. The biggest change in the BWA industry is undoubtedly the WiMAX ecosystem's shift towards a new mobile standard. Alternative broadband wireless technologies have now been tested in actual conditions in many commercial deployments. Equipment availability for each standard or proprietary solution is also essential, as it drives adoption by operators and end users. Spectrum availability and quality is another critical issue, and often the chief constraint that players have to contend with. It impacts coverage, quality of services and deployment costs. Emergent wireless technologies, able to provide broadband data rates and support mobility, can be seen as complementary solutions as well as potential threats to both mobile and fixed networks operators. It is nonetheless our view that BWA networks that provide a complement to fixed or cellular networks make a stronger business case.

Key questions

• What are the latest technological developments?
• What are the barriers and drivers for each technology?
• What will be the impact on services and equipment?
• What are the current BWA/WiMAX offers?
• Which strategies should operators and manufacturers adopt?
• What is the growth outlook for access technologies?
• What are the spectrum issues in each country?
• Complementarity vs. competition?

Who should read this report?

• Manufacturers
  • Knowledge of the timeline for BWA technology deployments
  • Take account of the timeline for service rollouts
• Fixed and mobile telecom operators and ISPs
  • Assessing the opportunities that BWA technologies represent, and the issues involved in new frequency band allocations
  • For mobile operators: measuring the actual threats posed by BWA technologies
• Regulators
  • Identifying the types of service that will be offered
  • Validating the frequency bands that will actually be used
• Investors and analysts
  • Evaluating the potential of BWA technologies and their relevant markets
  • Identifying the most dynamic key players(operators and suppliers)

Table of Contents

1. Overview of broadband wireless access technologies and mobile 3G technologies

• 1.1. IEEE 802.16 standards and WiMAX: a shift to mobility
  • 1.1.1. IEEE 802.16 standards description
  • 1.1.2. Compatibility and interoperability issues: a shift towards mobile WiMAx
  • 1.1.3. Frequency bands used by WiMAx technology
  • 1.1.4. WiMAX performances
  • 1.1.5. Applications
  • 1.1.6. WiMAX ecosystem
  • 1.1.7. WiBro and Mobile WiMAX: what are the differences?
  • 1.1.8. WiBro first commercial launch by Korea Telecom
  • 1.1.9. WiMAx and BWA Markets: equipment and services
  • 1.1.10.Emerging countries market
  • 1.1.11.WiMAx equipment manufacturers
  • 1.1.12.WiMAx weaknesses
• 1.2. IEEE 802.20 standard and proprietary solutions
  • 1.2.1. Description of IEEE 802.20 standard
  • 1.2.2. Applications
  • 1.2.3. 802.20 Ecosystem
  • 1.2.4. Qualcomm/Flarion Technologies' FLASH OFDM solution
  • 1.2.5. ArrayComm's iBurst solution
  • 1.2.6. FLASH-OFDM & iBurst weaknesses
• 1.3. 3G Mobile technologies
  • 1.3.1. WCDMA family of technologies
  • 1.3.2. UMTS TDD (Time Division Duplexing) solutions
  • 1.3.3. UMTS TDD weaknesses
  • 1.3.4. TD-SCDMA (Time Division - Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access)
  • 1.3.5. CDMA2000 1x EV-DO and EV-DV
  • 1.3.6. 3G evolution and 4G

2. Spectrum issues

• 2.1. International background
  • 2.1.1. Frequency band usage
  • 2.1.2. Secondary spectrum market
• 2.2. Frequency bands used by cellular systems
  • 2.2.1. 450 MHz band
  • 2.2.2. 3G frequency bands
  • 2.2.3. 3G spectrum cost
• 2.3. Frequency bands used by WiMAX and WiBro systems
  • 2.3.1. The 2.3- 2.5 GHz band vs. the 3.5 GHz band
  • 2.3.2. Mobility in the 3.5 GHz frequency band
  • 2.3.3. Opportunistic approaches: the spectrum rush far from over
  • 2.3.4. Non-cellular BWA spectrum cost
• 2.4. New systems' frequency bands
  • 2.4.1. The 2.5-2.69 GHz frequency band
  • 2.4.2. Broadcast frequencies re-allocated to cellular: the digital dividend
  • 2.4.3. The 4G question
• 2.5. Unlicensed frequency bands
• 2.6. Issues concerning specific frequency bands

3. Market Opportunities for WiMAX, 802.20 & UMTS TDD technologies

• 3.1. 3G/BWA strategy is defined by local market conditions, regulation and company strategy
• 3.2. 3G and BWA solutions potential usage
• 3.3. 3G, WiMAX and alternative BWA technologies are complementary solutions
  • 3.3.1. Comparison of the technologies' performances
• 3.4. 3G and BWA for Mobile Networks Operators
  • 3.4.1. Situation in developed countries
  • 3.4.2. 3G and WiMAX: complementary service offerings
  • 3.4.3. Overlay of cellular (2G/3G) networks with BWA technologies: wireless data networks
  • 3.4.4. 3G/BWA adoption: Mobile carriers moves to Next Generation Mobile Networks
  • 3.4.5. WiMAX as a backhaul solution for mobile networks
  • 3.4.6. Mobile operators deploying FLASH-OFDM
• 3.5. BWA technologies for Fixed Network Operators
  • 3.5.1. Situation in developed countries
  • 3.5.2. Entering the mobility market
  • 3.5.3. WiMAX as a cost-saving solution to provide last mile access
  • 3.5.4. Backhaul economics
  • 3.5.5. BWA technologies for rural areas and emerging countries
• 3.6. BWA technologies: Competition scenarios
  • 3.6.1. BWA operators
  • 3.6.2. Broadcast infrastructure operators entering WISP markets
  • 3.6.3. Landline substitution
  • 3.6.4. Cost and complexity: most operators cannot afford several broadband wireless networks

4. Glossary and acronyms

List of Tables

• Table 1: Brief description of main technologies covered in the report
• Table 2: WiMAx Forum certification profiles based on 802.16-2004
• Table 3: WiMAx Forum certification profiles based on 802.16-2005 (MTG)
• Table 4: 802.16 standards
• Table 5: Fixed and mobile WiMAX physical layer variants
• Table 6: fixed WiMAX performances
• Table 7: 802.16 standard performances
• Table 8: Intel investments in telecom carriers
• Table 9: 802.16e and WiBro's properties
• Table 10: WiBro investments by Korean operators (USD million)
• Table 11: KT promotional WiBro pricing
• Table 12: KT regular WiBro pricing
• Table 13: SK HSDPA pricing
• Table 14: Mobile access infrastructure market by geography (2004-2009)
• Table 15: WiMAx Forum certified products as of June 2006 (802.16-2004 standard)
• Table 16: Trends in WiMAX CPE prices
• Table 17: Spectrum used for selected WiMAX initiatives
• Table 18: 802.20 main features planned by IEEE
• Table 19: 802.16e, 802.20 and 3G characteristics
• Table 20: FLASH-OFDM commercial roll outs in Europe - 450 MHz band
• Table 21: iBurst Air Interface specifications
• Table 22: Kyocera's iBurst base station specifications
• Table 23: Kyocera iBurst subscriber devices
• Table 24: Use of iBurst technology
• Table 25: Overview of the various 3G mobile technologies
• Table 26: Mobile operators owning UMTS TDD spectrum in the five main mobile markets in Europe61
• Table 27: Main UMTS TDD deployments worldwide
• Table 28: CDMA 2000 peak data rates
• Table 29: Frequency bands currently used by cellular systems
• Table 30: Comparison of the use of cellular/BWA frequency bands
• Table 31: Introduction of the secondary spectrum market in Western Europe
• Table 32: Use of CDMA2000 technology in Europe - 450 MHz band
• Table 33: Use of FLASH-OFDM technology in Europe - 450 MHz band
• Table 34: Korean mobile operators' spectrum assets
• Table 35: Description of AWS spectrum put up for auction
• Table 36: Top 10 AWS bidders by net winning bids
• Table 37: AWS auctions bids and amount
• Table 38: Comparison of the number of radio sites needed to cover an area of 10,000 km2
• Table 39: Price per UMTS license in selected countries in Western Europe
• Table 40: Outlook for WiMAX spectrum
• Table 41: Price of fixed BWA licenses in selected countries
• Table 42: Analogue switch-off in selected countries
• Table 43: Comparison of use of the 2.4, 3.5 and 5.8 GHz frequency bands
• Table 44: Status of frequency bands for mobile systems in Europe
• Table 45: 3G and Mobile WiMAX service offerings.
• Table 46: Building of a consensus on Next Generation Mobile Networks
• Table 47: Impact of Sprint's decision on the WiMAX ecosystem
• Table 48: Data transfer speeds
• Table 49: T-Mobile Slovakia's Flash-OFDM service tariffs
• Table 50: Pricing for Optus's iBurst corporate service
• Table 51: Woosh Wireless's business offers
• Table 52: WiMAX distance vs. capacity results
• Table 53: ROI comparison T1/ WiMAX
• Table 54: A selection of wireline telcos' WiMAX initiatives targeting DSL grey zones
• Table 55: FLASH-OFDM commercial rollouts in Europe - 450 MHz band
• Table 56: Sentech MyWireless flexi bundled service plan
• Table 57: Late 2004, Clearwire's pricing schemes for residential users in Jacksonville, FL
• Table 58: Mid 2006, Clearwire's pricing schemes for residential users in Jacksonville, FL
• Table 59: Late 2004, BellSouth's DSL access prices for residential users
• Table 60: Mid 2006, BellSouth's DSL access prices for residential users
• Table 61: Mid-2006, Clearwire's pricing policy for residential users in Brussels, Belgium
• Table 62: Altitude Telecom's first deployments
• Table 63: Data transfer speeds
• Table 64: The Yozan network's key system parameters

List of Figures

• Figure 1: Fixed and mobile WiMAx standards
• Figure 2: WiMAx frequencies
• Figure 3: Overview of possible fixed WiMAX applications
• Figure 4: WiMAx triple play bundle
• Figure 5: WiMAX Forum positioning
• Figure 6: WiMAX ecosystem selected actors
• Figure 7: Number of subscribers of some BWA and WiMAx operators (Mid 2006)
• Figure 8: Some BWA and WiMAx deployments in Europe (Mid 2006)
• Figure 9: BWA Revenue by type of market for the year 2005
• Figure 10: Fixed WiMAX product roadmap
• Figure 11: Mobile WiMAX product roadmap
• Figure 12: Forecast changes in the price of WiMAX equipment
• Figure 13: Flarion's FLASH OFDM system
• Figure 14: Flarion's FLASH-OFDM Data Cards
• Figure 15: Qualcomm Flarion's prototype handset
• Figure 16: IntelliCell's Adaptive Antenna Technology
• Figure 17: ArrayComm's iBurst system
• Figure 18: GSM operator evolution path to 3G
• Figure 19: UMTS Network Architecture
• Figure 20: WCDMA Evolution
• Figure 21: IPWireless UMTS TDD product portfolio
• Figure 22: Members of the UMTS TDD alliance (August 2006)
• Figure 23: CDMA2000 1xEV-DO network architecture
• Figure 24: Migration of the core network of UMTS systems
• Figure 25: ITU-R timeline for 4G evolution
• Figure 26: NTT DoCoMo and mobile 4G
• Figure 27: Frequency bands used for mobile services worldwide
• Figure 28: Frequency bands for terrestrial IMT-2000
• Figure 29: Main factors determining BWA technologies' adoption
• Figure 30: Wireless technology complementarity
• Figure 31: Total ARPU for Western Europe
• Figure 32: Data revenues in Western Europe
• Figure 33: Path to a next generation mobile network
• Figure 34: Sprint positioning in the US telecom industry
• Figure 35 : WiMAX providing last mile access
• Figure 36: August 2004 coverage of Clearwire's service in Jacksonville, FL
• Figure 37: Mid-2006 coverage of Clearwire's service in Jacksonville, FL
• Figure 38: The Yozan network's simplified architecture
• Figure 39: Scheduled coverage map for AIRDATA's PortableDSL service
• Figure 40: AIRDATA PortableDSL price plans

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