Abstract
Flexible thin-film batteries are ideally suited for a variety of applications
where small power sources are needed. They can be manufactured in a variety of
shapes and sizes, as required by the customer. By using the available space
within a device, the battery can provide the required power while occupying
otherwise wasted space and adding negligible mass.
The thin-paper battery is suitable for applications requiring low-voltage
power (1.5V to 3.0V), where traditional button cell batteries are problematic
to use. Such thin-film or power-paper batteries will work exactly like
traditional batteries, but will be nearly as thin as a piece of paper. A
power-paper cell can generate 1.5V of electricity, which is approximately the
same output as that of a watch or calculator battery. A power-paper cell will
be 0.5mm thick, and several cells can be used in combination to provide more
power.
Non-rechargeable thin-film batteries are normally printed and may be either
zinc-manganese chemistry (such as a paper battery) or lithium polymer
chemistry. Chargeable thin-film batteries are lithium-ion batteries and have
solid lithium cores rather than liquid cores, so they are less vulnerable to
overheating and catching fire. They lose virtually no power over time, and can
be recharged thousands of times before they need to be replaced. The
thin-film industry is developing miniaturized versions of this technology. A
thin-film battery can be smaller than a postage stamp and twice its thickness,
can be manufactured in various shapes, and can attach directly to a computer
chip.
Power-paper batteries are printed directly onto thin substrates such as paper,
so they are far more flexible than any other batteries due to their ultra-thin
profile, low thermal mass, and ability to operate in harsh environments.
Non-rechargeable thin-film batteries are uniquely suited as power sources for
one-time password display-type smart cards, semi-battery-assisted passive
(BAP) radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, semi-active tags with
sensors (used in functional packaging), cosmetic and medical patches, consumer
music greeting cards, toys and novelties.
Rechargeable thin-film batteries are suited for ultra-low power energy
harvesting systems for wireless sensor networks, including ultra-small scale
energy harvesting power systems (below 100 milli-amps) of wireless devices.
The batteries are rechargeable, which means their size need be no larger than
required to satisfy the energy requirements on a single cycle, thus reducing
cost and weight; this characteristic in itself may give birth to new
applications.
Thin-film batteries - seamlessly integrated into the objects they power - will
mirror other integrated circuits on the miniaturization curve, as power itself
becomes a component subject to Moore' s Law. Vertical and lateral build-outs
in the industry will swell, flooding the marketplace with myriad useful new
gadgets and peripherals. All these advancements will provide the breakthroughs
needed to put power anywhere, in any form factor imaginable. Power will be
lightweight, fully mobile, inexpensive and pervasive.
STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES
Thin-film battery power systems differ from regular rechargeable
micro-batteries used in notebooks, PDAs and mobile phones, which are available
in prismatic, cylindrical and button forms. Commercially, low-profile
micro-battery buttons have thicknesses ranging from 0.9mm to 2.1mm, compared
to thicknesses below 0.6mm for flexible thin-film batteries.
Rechargeable thin-film cells can be stored for decades yet retain almost all
their charge, according to developers, and they deliver powerful bursts of
energy whenever needed. In many applications, they also can be actively used
for decades, since they can be charged and discharged tens of thousands of
times. To date, small-scale power supplies have been the missing link in the
information revolution, a significant obstacle to the ubiquitous computing
“aware environments” and smart machines that have been heralded as
the next big wave of silicon intelligence.
Within the decade, however, all this will change. As the micro-device market
grows, new innovations will redefine the personal uses of power. The
individual will be free from household and workplace power grids, relying -
when desired - on personal (and personalized) mobile power systems.
Connectivity, communication and knowledge management will be forever changed.
Roll-to-roll production of thin-film printed batteries will be low cost and
high volume. These batteries can be manufactured in any size, shape, voltage,
or power capacity needed. Thin-film batteries are positioned to become the
next generation of lithium batteries for portable electronic applications.
Therefore, this study focuses on thin-film batteries that can be used in
powering one-time password display-type smart cards, semi-BAP RFID tags,
semi-active tags with temperature sensors (used in functional packaging or
smart packaging), interactive merchandising displays, cosmetic and medical
patches, greeting cards, toys and novelty items, as well as energy storage in
ultra-low power (ULP) energy harvesting power systems (below 100milli-amps) of
wireless devices.
This study provides market data about the size and growth of thin-film battery
applications segments and new developments, including a detailed patent
analysis, company profiles and industry trends. Another goal of this report
is to provide a detailed and comprehensive multi-client study of the market in
North America, Europe, Japan, China, India, Korea and the rest of the world
(ROW) for thin-film batteries and potential future business opportunities.
The objectives include thorough coverage of the underlying economic issues
driving the thin-film battery business as well as assessments of new, advanced
thin-film batteries that companies are developing. Also covered are
legislative pressures for more safety and environmental protection, as well as
users' expectations for economical thin-film batteries. Another important
objective is to provide realistic market data and forecasts for thin-film
batteries. This study provides the most thorough and up-to-date assessment
that can be found anywhere on the subject. It also provides extensive
quantification of the many important facets of market developments in
thin-film batteries throughout the world. This, in turn, contributes to
consideration of what kinds of strategic responses companies may adopt in
order to compete in this dynamic market.
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
Global megatrends of portability, connectivity, tracking, safety,
environmental protection, automation, and do-it-yourself healthcare are
driving innovations in flat, flexible, functional devices like display-type
plastic smart cards, RFIDs, data loggers, displays, drug-delivery patches,
sensors and displays. These new devices, sometimes referred to as “smart
active labels,” address the urgent need for safe and small-form-function
power sources. iRAP had conducted a study on the same subject in 2007.
However, with increasing requirements for smart cards, sensors, and medical
and consumer applications, many new developments and new products have
appeared in the market. Therefore, iRAP felt a need to do a detailed
technology and market update. along with a detailed analysis in this industry.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
This study is intended to benefit existing manufacturers of BAP RFID tags,
display- type OTP smartcards, smart packaging, medical implantables,
microelectronics products and energy harvesting systems for wireless sensors,
as well as manufacturers who seek to expand revenues and market opportunities
by moving into new technologies such as thin-film batteries. This study also
will benefit manufacturers of thin-film batteries and component manufacturers
who deal with new types of thin-film batteries for power-hungry electronic
products including wireless sensors and chips.
The study also provides the most complete account of thin-film battery growth
in North America, Europe, Japan, China and the rest of the world currently
available in a multi-client format. These markets have also been estimated
according to types of materials used, such as lithium phosphorus oxynitride,
solid-polymer electrolytes and zinc-manganese electrode bases using solid
electrolytes.
This report provides the most thorough and up-to-date assessment that can be
found anywhere on the subject. The study also provides an extensive
quantification of the many important facets of market developments in emerging
markets for thin-film batteries such as, for example, China. This contributes
to the determination of what kinds of strategic responses suppliers may adopt
in order to compete in these dynamic markets.
SCOPE AND FORMAT
The market data contained in this report quantify opportunities for thin-film
batteries. In addition to product types, the report also covers many issues
concerning the merits and future prospects of the thin-film batteries
business, including corporate strategies, information technologies and the
means for providing these highly advanced products and service offerings. It
also covers in detail the economic and technological issues regarded by many
as critical to the industry' s current state of change. The report provides a
review of the thin-film battery industry and its structure, as well as the
many companies involved in providing these batteries and related products. The
competitive positions of the main players in the thin-film battery markets and
the strategic options they face are also discussed, along with such
competitive factors as marketing, distribution and operations.
TO WHOM THE STUDY CATERS
The study will benefit existing manufacturers of handheld electronic consumer
products who seek to expand revenues and market opportunities by growing into
the new technology of thin-film batteries, which are now positioned to become
a preferred solution for many types of energy storage and power delivery
applications.
This study provides a technical overview of the thin-film batteries most
appropriate for RFID tags, smart cards, medical implantables, wireless chips,
sensors, etc., looking at major technology developments and existing barriers.
Audiences for this study include marketing executives, business unit managers
and other decision makers in thin-film battery companies and companies
peripheral to this business.
REPORT SUMMARY
The thin-film battery (TFB) market is an attractive and still-growing
multimillion dollar market characterized by very high production volumes of
thin-film batteries that must be extremely reliable and low in cost.
Thin-film lithium and lithium-ion batteries are ideally suited for a variety
of applications where small power sources are needed. By using the available
space within a device, the battery can provide the required power while
occupying otherwise wasted space and adding negligible mass.
Three very distinct types of flexible TFB technologies exist - lower
performance printed TFBs, single-use higher performance lithium polymer (LiPo)
batteries, and solid-state rechargeable lithium phosphorous oxynitride (LiPON)
batteries (which are the most expensive). Currently, non-rechargeable zinc
batteries can be fully printed and used in roll-to-roll manufacturing
processes.
The range of possible applications for these batteries derives from their
important advantages over conventional battery technologies. They can be made
in virtually any shape and size to meet the requirements of an application.
The batteries are rechargeable, which means their size need be no larger than
is required to satisfy the energy requirements on a single cycle, thus
reducing cost and weight, which in itself may give birth to new applications.
Up until now, various power factors have impinged on the advancement and
development of microdevices. Power density, cell weight, battery life and form
factor all have proven significant and cumbersome when considered for
microapplications. Batteries of the future will need to be miniaturized,
untethered, and portable.
The Summary Table and Summary Figure below project market trends for thin-film
batteries according to region. The global market for thin-film batteries is
expected to reach $90million in 2010. This market will increase to $600million
by 2015 with a growth rate of 46.1% annually for the next five year.
Other major findings of this report are:
- The range for the average annual growth rate (AAGR) is expected to be
37.9% to 67.8% for the six major regions surveyed for the period 2010 to 2015.
- Regionally, North America is expected to capture about 40% of the market
in 2010, followed by Europe at 36% and the rest of the world (ROW) at 24%,
dominated by Japan, Korea and China.
- The market for thin-film batteries used in one-time password (OTP),
display-type smart cards for banking will be highest in 2010.
- Disposable medical cosmetic patches, electronic games and entertainment
devices, music greeting cards using non-rechargeable thin printed battery
(zinc-manganese chemistry), low power semi-active tags used with sensors, and
battery-assisted passive (BAP) radio frequency identification (RFID) devices
will have a combined market share of over one-third of the total market in
2010.
- Ultra-low power energy harvesting devices (solar, thermal, vibration)
using rechargeable lithium-ion or similar type batteries will be a distant
third in 2010 and will slightly increase its share by 2015.
- The main factor slowing growth of the market for thin-film/printed
batteries at present is high cost. Thin-film/printable batteries are currently
unable to compete with conventional battery technology on price. This will
change as volumes for thin-film/printed batteries ramp up and technology
improves.
- Among the three technologies covered in this report, in 2010 the market
share for non-rechargeable thin zinc-manganese printed batteries is the
highest followed by lithium polymer thin-film non-rechargeable battery
technology and rechargeable thin-film lithium-ion batteries as a distant third.
Table of Contents
- INTRODUCTION
- STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES
- REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
- CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
- SCOPE AND FORMAT
- METHODOLOGY
- INFORMATION SOURCES
- TO WHOM THE STUDY CATERS
- AUTHOR' S CREDENTIALS
- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FOR THIN-FILM FLEXIBLE BATTERIES BY REGION
THROUGH 2015
- SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL MARKET FOR THIN-FILM BATTERIES BY REGION, 2010 AND
2015
- SUMMARY (CONTINUED)
- INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
- LEADING MANUFACTURERS
- KEY IMPACT OF THIN-FILM BATTERIES
- COMPETITIVE INNOVATION TRENDS
- RESEARCH TRENDS IN THIN-FILM BATTERIES
- APPLICATION TRENDS
- APPLICATION TRENDS (CONTINUED)
- TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW
- TYPES OF TECHNOLOGIES
- TYPES OF TECHNOLOGIES (CONTINUED)
- TABLE 1. KEY TERMINOLOGIES USED IN THIN-FILM BATTERIES
- TABLE 1. (CONTINUED)
- TABLE 1. (CONTINUED)
- TABLE 1. (CONTINUED)
- TABLE 2. TYPICAL THICKNESSES OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE
- THIN-FILM BATTERIES IN 2010
- ZINC-MANGANESE THIN-FILM BATTERIES
- MANGANESE-ZINC-OXIDE-BASED CATHODE USING SOLID ELECTROLYTES
- FIGURE 1. TYPICAL NON-RECHARGEABLE ZINC-MANGANESE THIN-FILM BATTERY
- CONSTRUCTION
- FIGURE 2. VOLTAGE ACHIEVED IN A SINGLE NON-RECHARGEABLE ZINC- MANGANESE
THIN-FILM BATTERY
- CHARACTERISTICS
- THIN-FILM PRIMARY LITHIUM SOLID POLYMER ELECTROLYTE (SPE) BATTERY
- CONSTRUCTION
- FIGURE 3. TYPICAL NON-RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM POLYMER THIN-FILM BATTERY
- LITHIUM-ION RECHARGEABLE THIN-FILM BATTERY USING LIPON AS THE ELECTROLYTE
- CHEMISTRY CHOICES
- TABLE 3. CHEMISTRIES AND PRODUCTION METHODS ADOPTED FOR TYPICAL
RECHARGEABLE SOLID-STATE LITHIUM-ION THIN-FILM BATTERIES
- TABLE 3. (CONTINUED)
- CONSTRUCTION
- FIGURE 4. A VIEW OF FIVE DIFFERENT TYPICAL RECHARGEABLE, SOLID-STATE,
LITHIUM-ION, THIN-FILM BATTERIES
- CHARACTERISTICS OF THIN-FILM, RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES
- CHARACTERISTICS OF THIN-FILM, RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES (CONTINUED)
- TABLE 4. PERFORMANCE AND CHARACTERSTICS OF THREE RECHARGEABLE,
SOLID-STATE, LITHIUM-ION, THIN-FILM BATTERIES
- TABLE 5. COMPARISON OF BATTERY PERFORMANCE
- APPLICATIONS
- ONE-TIME PASSWORD, DISPLAY-TYPE SMART CARDS
- ONE-TIME PASSWORD, DISPLAY-TYPE SMART CARDS (CONTINUED)
- FIGURE 5. THREE TYPES OF ONE-TIME PASSWORD, DISPLAY-TYPE SMART CARDS
USING NON-RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM POLYMER THIN-FILM BATTERIES
- DISPOSABLE MEDICAL COSMETIC PATCHES
- DISPOSABLE MEDICAL COSMETIC PATCHES (CONTINUED)
- FIGURE 6. A TYPICAL MEDICAL PATCH USING NON-RECHARGEABLE, PRINTED, ZINC
MANGANESE, THIN-FILM BATTERIES
- ULTRA-LOW POWER ENERGY HARVESTING FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
- FIGURE 7. TYPICAL ULTRA-LOW POWER ENERGY HARVESTING SOLAR DEVICE FOR A
WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK USING A RECHARGEABLE, SOLID-STATE, LITHIUM-ION,
THIN-FILM BATTERY
- CONSUMER MUSIC GREETING CARDS, TOYS AND NOVELTIES
- BATTERY-ASSISTED PASSIVE RFID TAGS/LABELS
- FIGURE 8. TYPICAL BATTERY-ASSISTED, SEMI-PASSIVE, RFID TAG USING NON-
RECHARGEABLE, PRINTED ZINC MANGANESE, THIN-FILM BATTERY
- SEMI-ACTIVE TAGS USED IN FUNCTIONAL PACKAGING
- SEMI-ACTIVE TAGS USED IN FUNCTIONAL PACKAGING (CONTINUED)
- FIGURE 9. A TYPICAL SMART PACKAGE (FUNCTIONAL PACKAGING) USING A NON-
RECHARGEABLE, PRINTED, ZINC MANGANESE, THIN-FILM BATTERY
- EMERGING MATERIALS USED IN THIN-FILM BATTERIES
- EMERGING MATERIALS USED IN THIN-FILM BATTERIES (CONTINUED)
- TABLE 6. ONGOING RESEARCH IN CHEMISTRY AND FABRICATION OF THIN-FILM
BATTERIES IN 2010
- TABLE 6. (CONTINUED)
- TABLE 6. (CONTINUED)
- INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
- MARKET PLAYERS
- TABLE 7. THIN-FILM BATTERY MANUFACTURERS, MATERIAL SUPPLIERS, END USERS
AND SYSTEM INTEGRATORS
- LEADING MANUFACTURERS
- TABLE 8. TOP MANUFACTURERS OF THIN-FILM BATTERIES IN 2010
- PARTNERSHIPS AND CONSOLIDATIONS
- PARTNERSHIPS AND CONSOLIDATIONS (CONTINUED)
- TABLE 9. PARTNERSHIPS AND COLLABORATIONS AMONG MANUFACTURERS OF
THIN-FILM BATTERIES FROM 2004 TO 2010
- TABLE 9. (CONTINUED)
- FUNDING
- TABLE 10. FUNDING FOR MANUFACTURING OF THIN-FILM BATTERIES, 2006 TO 2010
- PRICE STRUCTURE
- PRICE STRUCTURE (CONTINUED)
- GLOBAL MARKET AND REGIONAL SHARES
- MARKET ACCORDING TO APPLICATIONS
- TABLE 11. GLOBAL MARKET FOR THIN-FILM FLEXIBLE BATTERIES BY APPLICATION
THROUGH 2015
- FIGURE 10. SHARE OF GLOBAL MARKET FOR THIN-FILM FLEXIBLE BATTERIES BY
APPLICATION, 2010 AND 2015
- MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY
- TABLE 12. GLOBAL MARKET FOR THIN-FILM FLEXIBLE BATTERIES BY TECHNOLOGY
THROUGH 2015
- FIGURE 11. SHARE OF GLOBAL MARKET FOR THIN-FILM, FLEXIBLE BATTERIES BY
TECHNOLOGY THROUGH 2015
- REGIONAL MARKETS
- TABLE 13. GLOBAL MARKET FOR THIN-FILM, FLEXIBLE BATTERIES BY REGION
THROUGH 2015
- FIGURE 12. SHARE OF GLOBAL MARKET FOR THIN-FILM FLEXIBLE BATTERIES BY
REGION THROUGH 2015
- PATENTS AND PATENT ANALYSIS
- LIST OF PATENTS
- FLEXIBLE THIN PRINTED BATTERY AND DEVICE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SAME
- ADHESIVE BANDAGE WITH DISPLAY
- DERMAL PATCH
- METHOD, APPARATUS, AND KIT FOR ONYCHOMYCOSIS TREATMENT
- ACTIVE WIRELESS TAGGING SYSTEM ON PEEL AND STICK SUBSTRATE
- GETTERS FOR THIN FILM BATTERY HERMETIC PACKAGE
- METHOD OF MANUFACTURING LITHIUM BATTERY
- LONG-LIFE THIN-FILM BATTERY AND METHOD THEREFOR
- LAYERED BARRIER STRUCTURE HAVING ONE OR MORE DEFINABLE LAYERS AND METHOD
- METHOD OF MAKING A THIN LAYER ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL WITH SELF-FORMED
SEPARATOR
- COMBINATION STIMULATING AND EXOTHERMIC HEATING DEVICE AND METHOD OF USE
THEREOF
- BATTERY-OPERATED WIRELESS-COMMUNICATION APPARATUS AND METHOD
- THIN-FILM BATTERY AND ELECTROLYTE THEREFOR
- BATTERY-ASSISTED BACKSCATTER RFID TRANSPONDER
- POLYIMIDE-BASED LITHIUM METAL BATTERY
- METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THIN-FILM BATTERY HAVING ULTRA-THIN ELECTROLYTE
- KIT, DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLED DELIVERY OF OXIDIZING AGENT INTO THE
SKIN
- THIN LAYER ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL WITH SELF-FORMED SEPARATOR
- APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR DEPOSITING MATERIAL ONTO A SUBSTRATE USING A
ROLL-TO-ROLL MASK
- SOLID-STATE MEMS ACTIVITY-ACTIVATED BATTERY DEVICE AND METHOD
- SOLID ELECTROLYTE, METHOD FOR PREPARING THE SAME, AND BATTERY USING THE
SAME
- SOLID ELECTROLYTE AND BATTERY EMPLOYING THE SAME
- PACKAGED THIN-FILM BATTERIES AND METHODS OF PACKAGING THIN-FILM BATTERIES
- POLYIMIDE MATRIX ELECTROLYTE
- THIN-FILM BATTERY HAVING ULTRA-THIN ELECTROLYTE AND ASSOCIATED METHOD
- METHOD FOR SYNTHESIZING THIN FILM ELECTRODES
- THIN-FILM BATTERY AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE
- METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR AN AMBIENT ENERGY BATTERY RECHARGE SYSTEM
- THIN-FILM BATTERY DEVICES AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING THE SAME
- THIN-FILM BATTERY HAVING ULTRA-THIN ELECTROLYTE
- METHOD FOR PRODUCING AN ELECTROCHEMICAL ELEMENT
- CONTINUOUS PROCESSING OF THIN-FILM BATTERIES AND LIKE DEVICES
- METHOD FOR PRODUCING A RECHARGEABLE ELECTROCHEMICAL ELEMENT
- ELECTROCHEMICAL ELEMENT
- METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR AN AMBIENT ENERGY BATTERY OR CAPACITOR RECHARGE
SYSTEM
- THIN ELECTRONIC CHIP CARD AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME
- THIN-FILM BATTERY AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE
- THIN LAYER ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL WITH SELF-FORMED SEPARATOR
- LONG-LIFE THIN-FILM BATTERY AND METHOD THEREFOR
- DEVICE ENCLOSURES AND DEVICES WITH INTEGRATED BATTERY
- PATENT ANALYSIS
- TABLE 14. NUMBER OF U.S. PATENTS GRANTED TO COMPANIES FOR THIN-FILM
BATTERIES FROM 2006 THROUGH 2010 (UP TO MARCH 31)
- FIGURE 13. TOP COMPANIES IN TERMS OF U.S. PATENTS GRANTED FOR THIN-FILM
BATTERIES FROM 2006 THROUGH 2010 (UP TO MARCH 31)
- INTERNATIONAL OVERVIEW OF U.S. PATENT ACTIVITY IN THIN-FILM BATTERIES
- TABLE 15. NUMBER OF U.S. PATENTS GRANTED BY ASSIGNED COUNTRY/REGION FOR
THIN-FILM BATTERIES FROM JANUARY 2006 THROUGH MARCH 2010
- INTERNATIONAL OVERVIEW OF U.S. PATENT ACTIVITY (CONTINUED)
- COMPANY PROFILES
- ADVANCED MATERIALS INNOVATION CENTER (AMIC)
- AJJER LLC
- AVESO, INC.
- BLUE SPARK TECHNOLOGIES
- CYMBET™ CORPORATION
- DZ CARD (THAILAND) LTD.
- EM MICROELECTRONIC-MARIN SA
- EMUE TECHNOLOGIES
- ENABLE IPC CORPORATION
- ENFUCELL OY LTD
- EXCELLATRON SOLID STATE LLC
- FRAUNHOFER ENAS - FRAUNHOFER RESEARCH INSTITUTION FOR ELEKCRONIC NANO
SYSTEMS
- FRONT EDGE TECHNOLOGY, INC.
- GIESECKE & DEVRIENT GMBH
- GRUPO INTELIGENSA
- INFINITE POWER SOLUTIONS, INC.
- INNOVATIVE CARD TCHNOLOGIES INC. (INCARD TECHNOLOGIES)
- ITN ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC.
- KSW MICROTEC AG
- MICROELECTRONICA MASER, S.L.
- NAGRAID SA - KUDELSKI GROUP
- NANOENER, INC.
- NEC CORPORATION
- NTERA, INC.
- OAK RIDGE MICRO-ENERGY, INC.
- OHARA CORPORATION
- PLANAR ENERGY DEVICES
- POWERIDR LTD.
- POWER PAPER LTD.
- PRELONIC TECHNOLOGIES OG
- ROCKET ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
- SOLICORE, INC.
- SWECARD AB
- THE GREENBAT PROJECT
- UPM RAFLATAC
- VARTA MICROBATTERY GMBH
- VISA EUROPE
